Charge-tuneable biexciton complexes in monolayer WSe2

Abstract

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides have strong Coulomb-mediated many-body interactions. Theoretical studies have predicted the existence of numerous multi-particle excitonic states. Two-particle excitons and three-particle trions have been identified by their optical signatures. However, more complex states such as biexcitons have been elusive due to limited spectral quality of the optical emission. Here, we report direct evidence of two biexciton complexes in monolayer tungsten diselenide: the four-particle neutral biexciton and the five-particle negatively charged biexciton. We distinguish these states by power-dependent photoluminescence and demonstrate full electrical switching between them. We determine the band states of the elementary particles comprising the biexcitons through magneto-optical spectroscopy. We also resolve a splitting of 2.5 meV for the neutral biexciton, which we attribute to the fine structure, providing reference for subsequent studies. Our results unveil the nature of multi-exciton complexes in transitionmetal dichalcogenides and offer direct routes towards deterministic control in many-body quantum phenomena.

Full text

Its licence does not allow us to show the full text. Read it at PubMed Central:

References 49

1. 1.

   Chernikov A, et al. Exciton binding energy and nonhydrogenic Rydberg series in monolayer WS2. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2014;113:076802.

   Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.113.076802

2. 2.

   Wang G, et al. Colloquium: excitons in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides. Rev. Mod. Phys. 2018;90:021001.

   Not in our library10.1103/revmodphys.90.021001

3. 3.

   Xiao D, Liu GB, Feng W, Xu X, Yao W. Coupled spin and valley physics in monolayers of MoS2 and other Group-VI dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2012;108:196802.

   Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.108.196802

4. 4.

   Mak KF, He K, Shan J, Heinz TF. Control of valley polarization in monolayer MoS2 by optical helicity. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012;7:494-498.

   Not in our library10.1038/nnano.2012.96

5. 5.

   Zeng H, Dai J, Yao W, Xiao D, Cui X. Valley polarization in MoS2 monolayers by optical pumping. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2012;7:490-493.

   Not in our library10.1038/nnano.2012.95

6. 6.

   Sidler M, et al. Fermi polaron-polaritons in charge-tunable atomically thin semiconductors. Nat. Phys. 2017;13:255-261.

   Not in our library10.1038/nphys3949

7. 7.

   Kogar A, et al. Signatures of exciton condensation in a transition metal dichalcogenide. Science. 2017;358:1314-1317.

   Not in our library10.1126/science.aam6432

8. 8.

   Cotleţ O, Zeytinoǧlu S, Sigrist M, Demler E, Imamoǧlu A. Superconductivity and other collective phenomena in a hybrid Bose-Fermi mixture formed by a polariton condensate and an electron system in two dimensions. Phys. Rev. B. 2016;93:054510.

   Not in our library10.1103/physrevb.93.054510

9. 9.

   Fogler MM, Butov LV, Novoselov KS. High-temperature superfluidity with indirect excitons in van der Waals heterostructures. Nat. Commun. 2014;5:4555.

   Not in our library10.1038/ncomms5555

10. 10.

    Jones AM, et al. Optical generation of excitonic valley coherence in monolayer WSe2. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2013;8:634-638.

    Not in our library10.1038/nnano.2013.151

11. 11.
    Large-scale quantum-emitter arrays in atomically thin semiconductors · 2017

    No notice
12. 12.
    Deterministic strain-induced arrays of quantum emitters in a two-dimensional semiconductor · 2017

    No notice
13. 13.
    Atomically thin quantum light-emitting diodes · 2016

    No notice
14. 14.

    Mak KF, Lee C, Hone J, Shan J, Heinz TF. Atomically thin MoS2: a new direct-gap semiconductor. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010;105:136805.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.105.136805

15. 15.

    Splendiani A, et al. Emerging photoluminescence in monolayer MoS2. Nano. Lett. 2010;10:1271-1275.

    Not in our library10.1021/nl903868w

16. 16.

    Mak KF, et al. Tightly bound trions in monolayer MoS2. Nat. Mater. 2013;12:207-211.

    Not in our library10.1038/nmat3505

17. 17.

    Ross JS, et al. Electrical control of neutral and charged excitons in a monolayer semiconductor. Nat. Commun. 2013;4:1474.

    Not in our library10.1038/ncomms2498

18. 18.

    Gourley PL, Wolfe JP. Experimental determination of equilibrium constants for excitonic systems in stressed, ultrapure silicon. Phys. Rev. B. 1982;25:6338-6348.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevb.25.6338

19. 19.

    Kim JC, Wake DR, Wolfe JP. Thermodynamics of biexcitons in a GaAs quantum well. Phys. Rev. B. 1994;50:15099-15107.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevb.50.15099

20. 20.

    You Y, et al. Observation of biexcitons in monolayer WSe2. Nat. Phys. 2015;11:477-481.

    Not in our library10.1038/nphys3324

21. 21.

    Dey P, et al. Biexciton formation and exciton coherent coupling in layered GaSe. J. Chem. Phys. 2015;142:212422.

    Not in our library10.1063/1.4917169

22. 22.

    Plechinger Gerd, et al. Identification of excitons, trions and biexcitons in single‐layer WS2. Phys. Status Solidi —RRL. 2015;9:457-461.

    Not in our library10.1002/pssr.201510224

23. 23.

    Sie EJ, Frenzel AJ, Lee YH, Kong J, Gedik N. Intervalley biexcitons and many-body effects in monolayer MoS2. Phys. Rev. B. 2015;92:125417.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevb.92.125417

24. 24.

    Hao K, et al. Neutral and charged inter-valley biexcitons in monolayer MoSe2. Nat. Commun. 2017;8:15552.

    Not in our library10.1038/ncomms15552

25. 25.

    Nagler, P. et al. Zeeman splitting and inverted polarization of biexciton emission in monolayer WS2. Preprint at http://arXiv.org/abs/1801.09255 (2018).

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.121.057402

26. 26.

    Paradisanos I, et al. Room temperature observation of biexcitons in exfoliated WS2 monolayers. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2017;110:193102.

    Not in our library10.1063/1.4983285

27. 27.

    Cadiz F, et al. Excitonic linewidth approaching the homogeneous limit in MoS2-Based van der Waals heterostructures. Phys. Rev. X. 2017;7:021026.

    Not in our library

28. 28.
    Defects activated photoluminescence in two-dimensional semiconductors: interplay between bound, charged and free excitons · 2013

    No notice
29. 29.

    Mostaani E, et al. Diffusion quantum Monte Carlo study of excitonic complexes in two-dimensional transition-metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B. 2017;96:075431.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevb.96.075431

30. 30.

    Szyniszewski M, Mostaani E, Drummond ND, Fal’ko VI. Binding energies of trions and biexcitons in two-dimensional semiconductors from diffusion quantum Monte Carlo calculations. Phys. Rev. B. 2017;95:081301.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevb.95.081301

31. 31.

    Kidd DW, Zhang DK, Varga K. Binding energies and structures of two-dimensional excitonic complexes in transition metal dichalcogenides. Phys. Rev. B. 2016;93:125423.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevb.93.125423

32. 32.

    Mayers MZ, Berkelbach TC, Hybertsen MS, Reichman DR. Binding energies and spatial structures of small carrier complexes in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides via diffusion Monte Carlo. Phys. Rev. B. 2015;92:161404.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevb.92.161404

33. 33.

    Van der Donck M, Zarenia M, Peeters FM. Excitons, trions, and biexcitons in transition-metal dichalcogenides: magnetic-field dependence. Phys. Rev. B. 2018;97:195408.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevb.97.195408

34. 34.

    Zomer PJ, Guimarães MHD, Brant JC, Tombros N, van Wees BJ. Fast pick up technique for high quality heterostructures of bilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014;105:013101.

    Not in our library10.1063/1.4886096

35. 35.

    Courtade E, et al. Charged excitons in monolayer WSe2: experiment and theory. Phys. Rev. B. 2017;96:085302.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevb.96.085302

36. 36.

    Wang G, et al. In-plane propagation of light in transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers: optical selection rules. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2017;119:047401.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.119.047401

37. 37.

    Zhou Y, et al. Probing dark excitons in atomically thin semiconductors via near-field coupling to surface plasmon polaritons. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2017;12:856-860.

    Not in our library10.1038/nnano.2017.106

38. 38.
    Trion fine structure and coupled spin–valley dynamics in monolayer tungsten disulfide · 2016

    No notice
39. 39.

    Jones AM, et al. Excitonic luminescence upconversion in a two-dimensional semiconductor. Nat. Phys. 2016;12:323.

    Not in our library10.1038/nphys3604

40. 40.

    Aivazian G, et al. Magnetic control of valley pseudospin in monolayer WSe2. Nat. Phys. 2015;11:148-152.

    Not in our library10.1038/nphys3201

Reads

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.