No retraction, correction or concern found when last checked on Oct 18, 2026.

Effects of Probiotics on Gut Microbiota: An Overview

Preethi Chandrasekaran, Sabine Weiskirchen, Ralf Weiskirchen

International Journal of Molecular Sciences · 2024 · Review · CC BY

Abstract

The role of probiotics in regulating intestinal flora to enhance host immunity has recently received widespread attention. Altering the human gut microbiota may increase the predisposition to several disease phenotypes such as gut inflammation and metabolic disorders. The intestinal microbiota converts dietary nutrients into metabolites that serve as biologically active molecules in modulating regulatory functions in the host. Probiotics, which are active microorganisms, play a versatile role in restoring the composition of the gut microbiota, helping to improve host immunity and prevent intestinal disease phenotypes. This comprehensive review provides firsthand information on the gut microbiota and their influence on human health, the dietary effects of diet on the gut microbiota, and how probiotics alter the composition and function of the human gut microbiota, along with their corresponding effects on host immunity in building a healthy intestine. We also discuss the implications of probiotics in some of the most important human diseases. In summary, probiotics play a significant role in regulating the gut microbiota, boosting overall immunity, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria, and helping ameliorate the symptoms of multiple diseases.

References 138

1.
Kumar R., Sood U., Gupta V., Singh M., Scaria J., Lal R. Recent advancements in the development of modern probiotics for restoring human gut microbiome dysbiosis. Indian J. Microbiol. 2020;60:12-25.
Not in our library10.1007/s12088-019-00808-y
2.
Kerry R.G., Patra J.K., Gouda S., Park Y., Shin H.S., Das G. Benefaction of probiotics for human health: A review. J. Food Drug Anal. 2018;26:927-939.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.002
3.
Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Powder Milk with Live Lactic Acid Bacteria—Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Expert Consultation on Evaluation of Health and Nutritional Properties of Probiotics in Food Including Power Milk with Liver Lactic Acid Bacteria. 2001.
Not in our library
4.
Hill C., Guarner F., Reid G., Gibson G.R., Merenstein D.J., Pot B., Morelli L., Canani R.B., Flint H.J., Salminen S., et al. Expert consensus document. The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term probiotic. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2014;11:506-514.
Not in our library10.1038/nrgastro.2014.66
5.
Rooks M.G., Garrett W.S. Gut microbiota, metabolites and host immunity. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 2016;16:341-352.
Not in our library10.1038/nri.2016.42
6.
Cullender T.C., Chassaing B., Janzon A., Kumar K., Muller C.E., Werner J.J., Angenent L.T., Bell M.E., Hay A.G., Peterson D.A., et al. Innate and adaptive immunity interact to quench microbiome flagellar motility in the gut. Cell Host Microbe. 2013;14:571-581.
Not in our library10.1016/j.chom.2013.10.009
7.
Sakandar H.A., Zhang H. Trends in probiotic(s)-fermented milks and their in vivo functionality: A review. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2021;110:55-65.
Not in our library10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.054
8.
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Triggers, Consequences, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Options · 2022
No notice
9.
Introduction to the human gut microbiota · 2017
No notice
10.
What is the Healthy Gut Microbiota Composition? A Changing Ecosystem across Age, Environment, Diet, and Diseases · 2019
No notice
11.
Hollins S.L., Hodgson D.M. Stress, microbiota, and immunity. Curr. Opin. Behav. Sci. 2019;28:66-71.
Not in our library10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.015
12.
Agus A., Clément K., Sokol H. Gut microbiota-derived metabolites as central regulators in metabolic disorders. Gut. 2021;70:1174-1182.
Not in our library10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323071
13.
Cresci G.A., Bawden E. Gut microbiome: What we do and don’t know. Nutr. Clin. Pract. 2015;30:734-746.
Not in our library10.1177/0884533615609899
14.
Human gut microbiota in health and disease: Unveiling the relationship · 2022
No notice
15.
Fassarella M., Blaak E.E., Penders J., Nauta A., Smidt H., Zoetendal E.G. Gut microbiome stability and resilience: Elucidating the response to perturbations in order to modulate gut health. Gut. 2021;70:595-605.
Not in our library10.1136/gutjnl-2020-321747
16.
Adhesion mechanisms mediated by probiotics and prebiotics and their potential impact on human health · 2019
No notice
17.
Valeriano V.D., Bagon B.B., Balolong M.P., Kang D.K. Carbohydrate-binding specificities of potential probiotic Lactobacillus strains in porcine jejunal (IPEC-J2) cells and porcine mucin. J. Microbiol. 2016;54:510-519.
Not in our library10.1007/s12275-016-6168-7
18.
Rational design of a microbial consortium of mucosal sugar utilizers reduces Clostridiodes difficile colonization · 2020
No notice
19.
Interactions of Surface Exopolysaccharides From Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Within the Intestinal Environment · 2018
No notice
20.
Probiotic consumption influences universal adaptive mutations in indigenous human and mouse gut microbiota · 2021
Not checked
21.
Litvak Y., Mon K.K.Z., Nguyen H., Chanthavixay G., Liou M., Velazquez E.M., Kutter L., Alcantara M.A., Byndloss M.X., Tiffany C.R., et al. Commensal Enterobacteriaceae protect against Salmonella colonization through oxygen competition. Cell Host Microbe. 2019;25:128-139.e5.
Not in our library10.1016/j.chom.2018.12.003
22.
Shao Y., Evers S.S., Shin J.H., Ramakrishnan S.K., Bozadjieva-Kramer N., Yao Q., Shah Y.M., Sandoval D.A., Seeley R.J. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy increases duodenal Lactobacillus spp. richness associated with the activation of intestinal HIF2α signaling and metabolic benefits. Mol. Metab. 2022;57:101432.
Not in our library10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101432
23.
Mao N., Cubillos-Ruiz A., Cameron D.E., Collins J.J. Probiotic strains detect and suppress cholera in mice. Sci. Transl. Med. 2018;10:eaao2586.
Not in our library10.1126/scitranslmed.aao2586
24.
Microbiota Supplementation with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Modifies the Preterm Infant Gut Microbiota and Metabolome: An Observational Study · 2020
No notice
25.
Aljohani A.M., El-Chami C., Alhubail M., Ledder R.G., O’Neill C.A., McBain A.J. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 inhibits biofilm formation and mitigates virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front. Microbiol. 2023;14:1108273.
Not in our library10.3389/fmicb.2023.1108273
26.
Mousavi Khaneghah A., Abhari K., Eş I., Soares M.B., Oliveira R.B.A., Hosseini H., Rezaei M., Balthazar C.F., Silva R., Cruz A.G., et al. Interactions between probiotics and pathogenic microorganisms in hosts and foods: A review. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 2020;95:205-218.
Not in our library10.1016/j.tifs.2019.11.022
27.
Cho Y.E., Kim D.K., Seo W., Gao B., Yoo S.H., Song B.J. Fructose promotes leaky gut, endotoxemia, and liver fibrosis through ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450-2E1-mediated oxidative and nitrative stress. Hepatology. 2021;73:2180-2195.
Not in our library10.1002/hep.30652
28.
Ahluwalia B., Magnusson M.K., Öhman L. Mucosal immune system of the gastrointestinal tract: Maintaining balance between the good and the bad. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 2017;52:1185-1193.
Not in our library10.1080/00365521.2017.1349173
29.
Krndija D., El Marjou F., Guirao B., Richon S., Leroy O., Bellaiche Y., Hannezo E., Matic Vignjevic D. Active cell migration is critical for steady-state epithelial turnover in the gut. Science. 2019;365:705-710.
Not in our library10.1126/science.aau3429
30.
Surface components and metabolites of probiotics for regulation of intestinal epithelial barrier · 2020
No notice
31.
Hou Q., Ye L., Liu H., Huang L., Yang Q., Turner J.R., Yu Q. Lactobacillus accelerates ISCs regeneration to protect the integrity of intestinal mucosa through activation of STAT3 signaling pathway induced by LPLs secretion of IL-22. Cell Death Differ. 2018;25:1657-1670.
Not in our library10.1038/s41418-018-0070-2
32.
Mucin degrader Akkermansia muciniphila accelerates intestinal stem cell-mediated epithelial development · 2021
No notice
33.
Epithelial Heat Shock Proteins Mediate the Protective Effects of Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis · 2022
Not checked
34.
Probiotic Bifidobacterium strains and galactooligosaccharides improve intestinal barrier function in obese adults but show no synergism when used together as synbiotics · 2018
No notice
35.
Citi S. Intestinal barriers protect against disease. Science. 2018;359:1097-1098.
Not in our library10.1126/science.aat0835
36.
Liu Q., Tian H., Kang Y., Tian Y., Li L., Kang X., Yang H., Wang Y., Tian J., Zhang F., et al. Probiotics alleviate autoimmune hepatitis in mice through modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal permeability. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2021;98:108863.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108863
37.
Human-origin probiotic cocktail increases short-chain fatty acid production via modulation of mice and human gut microbiome · 2018
No notice
38.
White R., Atherly T., Guard B., Rossi G., Wang C., Mosher C., Webb C., Hill S., Ackermann M., Sciabarra P., et al. Randomized, controlled trial evaluating the effect of multi-strain probiotic on the mucosal microbiota in canine idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Gut Microbes. 2017;8:451-466.
Not in our library10.1080/19490976.2017.1334754
39.
Martin-Gallausiaux C., Garcia-Weber D., Lashermes A., Larraufie P., Marinelli L., Teixeira V., Rolland A., Béguet-Crespel F., Brochard V., Quatremare T., et al. Akkermansia muciniphila upregulates genes involved in maintaining the intestinal barrier function via ADP-heptose-dependent activation of the ALPK1/TIFA pathway. Gut Microbes. 2022;14:2110639.
Not in our library10.1080/19490976.2022.2110639
40.
Sangineto M., Grander C., Grabherr F., Mayr L., Enrich B., Schwärzler J., Dallio M., Bukke V.N., Moola A., Moschetta A., et al. Recovery of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron ameliorates hepatic steatosis in experimental alcohol-related liver disease. Gut Microbes. 2022;14:2089006.
Not in our library10.1080/19490976.2022.2089006
41.
Chandrasekaran P., Weiskirchen S., Weiskirchen R. Structure, functions, and implications of selected lipocalins in human disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024;25:4290.
Not in our library10.3390/ijms25084290
42.
Liu Q., Ni X., Wang Q., Peng Z., Niu L., Wang H., Zhou Y., Sun H., Pan K., Jing B., et al. Lactobacillus plantarum BSGP201683 isolated from Giant Panda feces attenuated inflammation and improved gut microflora in mice challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. Front. Microbiol. 2017;8:1885.
Not in our library10.3389/fmicb.2017.01885
43.
Jiang T.T., Shao T.-Y., Ang W.X.G., Kinder J.M., Turner L.H., Pham G., Whitt J., Alenghat T., Way S.S. Commensal fungi recapitulate the protective benefits of intestinal bacteria. Cell Host Microbe. 2017;22:809-816.e4.
Not in our library10.1016/j.chom.2017.10.013
44.
The Effect of Probiotics (MCP® BCMC® Strains) on Hepatic Steatosis, Small Intestinal Mucosal Immune Function, and Intestinal Barrier in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease · 2021
No notice
45.
Zhu C., Wang L., Wei S.-y., Chen Z., Ma X.-y., Zheng C.-t., Jiang Z.-y. Effect of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae supplementation on serum antioxidant capacity, mucosal sIgA secretions and gut microbial populations in weaned piglets. J. Integr. Agric. 2017;16:2029-2037.
Not in our library10.1016/s2095-3119(16)61581-2
46.
Hooper L.V., Littman D.R., Macpherson A.J. Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system. Science. 2012;336:1268-1273.
Not in our library10.1126/science.1223490
47.
Thoda C., Touraki M. Immunomodulatory properties of probiotics and their derived bioactive compounds. Appl. Sci. 2023;13:4726.
Not in our library10.3390/app13084726
48.
Yeşilyurt N., Yılmaz B., Ağagündüz D., Capasso R. Involvement of probiotics and postbiotics in the immune system modulation. Biologics. 2021;1:89-110.
Not in our library10.3390/biologics1020006
49.
Hajavi J., Esmaeili S.A., Varasteh A.R., Vazini H., Atabati H., Mardani F., Momtazi-Borojeni A.A., Hashemi M., Sankian M., Sahebkar A. The immunomodulatory role of probiotics in allergy therapy. J. Cell Physiol. 2019;234:2386-2398.
Not in our library10.1002/jcp.27263
50.
Yuan Q., Walker W.A. Innate immunity of the gut: Mucosal defense in health and disease. J. Pediatr. Gastroenterol. Nutr. 2004;38:463-473.
Not in our library10.1002/j.1536-4801.2004.tb12203.x
51.
Ma D., Jin H., Kwok L.-Y., Zhang H. Effect of Lacticaseibacillus casei Zhang on iron status, immunity, and gut microbiota of mice fed with low-iron diet. J. Funct. Foods. 2022;88:104906.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jff.2021.104906
52.
Adjunctive Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 Administration Enhances the Effect of Anti-PD-1 Antitumor Therapy via Restoring Antibiotic-Disrupted Gut Microbiota · 2021
Not checked
53.
Zhao J., Wang Y., Wang J., Lv M., Zhou C., Jia L., Geng W. Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW18 from Kefir enhances the anti-tumor effect of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy by modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct. 2022;13:10023-10033.
Not in our library10.1039/d2fo01747d
54.
Martel J., Chang S.H., Ko Y.F., Hwang T.L., Young J.D., Ojcius D.M. Gut barrier disruption and chronic disease. Trends Endocrinol. Metab. 2022;33:247-265.
Not in our library10.1016/j.tem.2022.01.002
55.
Liu Y., Yu X., Zhao J., Zhang H., Zhai Q., Chen W. The role of MUC2 mucin in intestinal homeostasis and the impact of dietary components on MUC2 expression. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020;164:884-891.
Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.191
56.
Yousefi B., Eslami M., Ghasemian A., Kokhaei P., Salek Farrokhi A., Darabi N. Probiotics importance and their immunomodulatory properties. J. Cell Physiol. 2019;234:8008-8018.
Not in our library10.1002/jcp.27559
57.
Fonseca J.R., Lucio M., Harir M., Schmitt-Kopplin P. Mining for active molecules in probiotic supernatant by combining non-targeted metabolomics and immunoregulation testing. Metabolites. 2022;12:35.
Not in our library10.3390/metabo12010035
58.
Song X., Sun X., Oh S.F., Wu M., Zhang Y., Zheng W., Geva-Zatorsky N., Jupp R., Mathis D., Benoist C., et al. Microbial bile acid metabolites modulate gut RORγ(+) regulatory T cell homeostasis. Nature. 2020;577:410-415.
Not in our library10.1038/s41586-019-1865-0
59.
Maldonado Galdeano C., Cazorla S.I., Lemme Dumit J.M., Vélez E., Perdigón G. Beneficial effects of probiotic consumption on the immune system. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 2019;74:115-124.
Not in our library10.1159/000496426
60.
Interaction between the gut microbiome and mucosal immune system · 2017
No notice
61.
Probiotic Lactobacillus Strains Stimulate the Inflammatory Response and Activate Human Macrophages · 2017
No notice
62.
Yadav M.K., Kumari I., Singh B., Sharma K.K., Tiwari S.K. Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: Safe options for next-generation therapeutics. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2022;106:505-521.
Not in our library10.1007/s00253-021-11646-8
63.
Probiotics Mechanism of Action on Immune Cells and Beneficial Effects on Human Health · 2023
No notice
64.
Lin K., Zhu L., Yang L. Gut and obesity/metabolic disease: Focus on microbiota metabolites. MedComm. 2022;3:e171.
Not in our library10.1002/mco2.171
65.
Fawad J.A., Luzader D.H., Hanson G.F., Moutinho T.J., McKinney C.A., Mitchell P.G., Brown-Steinke K., Kumar A., Park M., Lee S., et al. Histone deacetylase inhibition by gut microbe-generated short-chain fatty acids entrains intestinal epithelial circadian rhythms. Gastroenterology. 2022;163:1377-1390.e11.
Not in our library10.1053/j.gastro.2022.07.051
66.
Koren O., Konnikova L., Brodin P., Mysorekar I.U., Collado M.C. The maternal gut microbiome in pregnancy: Implications for the developing immune system. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2024;21:35-45.
Not in our library10.1038/s41575-023-00864-2
67.
Howard E.J., Lam T.K.T., Duca F.A. The gut microbiome: Connecting diet, glucose homeostasis, and disease. Annu. Rev. Med. 2022;73:469-481.
Not in our library10.1146/annurev-med-042220-012821
68.
Wu J., Yang K., Fan H., Wei M., Xiong Q. Targeting the gut microbiota and its metabolites for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Front. Endocrinol. 2023;14:1114424.
Not in our library10.3389/fendo.2023.1114424
69.
Li P., Chen G., Zhang J., Pei C., Chen Y., Gong J., Deng S., Cai K., Li H., Wang D., et al. Live Lactobacillus acidophilus alleviates ulcerative colitis via the SCFAs/mitophagy/NLRP3 inflammasome axis. Food Funct. 2022;13:2985-2997.
Not in our library10.1039/d1fo03360c
70.
Microbiota alteration is associated with the development of stress-induced despair behavior · 2017
No notice
71.
Rudzki L., Ostrowska L., Pawlak D., Małus A., Pawlak K., Waszkiewicz N., Szulc A. Probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v decreases kynurenine concentration and improves cognitive functions in patients with major depression: A double-blind, randomized, placebo controlled study. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2019;100:213-222.
Not in our library10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.10.010
72.
The Short-Chain Fatty Acid Acetate in Body Weight Control and Insulin Sensitivity · 2019
No notice
73.
Balmer M.L., Ma E.H., Thompson A.J., Epple R., Unterstab G., Lötscher J., Dehio P., Schürch C.M., Warncke J.D., Perrin G., et al. Memory CD8+ T cells balance pro- and anti-inflammatory activity by reprogramming cellular acetate handling at sites of infection. Cell Metab. 2020;32:457-467.e5.
Not in our library10.1016/j.cmet.2020.07.004
74.
Acetate functions as an epigenetic metabolite to promote lipid synthesis under hypoxia · 2016
No notice
75.
Tedelind S., Westberg F., Kjerrulf M., Vidal A. Anti-inflammatory properties of the short-chain fatty acids acetate and propionate: A study with relevance to inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:2826-2832.
Not in our library10.3748/wjg.v13.i20.2826
76.
Dietary supplementation with inulin-propionate ester or inulin improves insulin sensitivity in adults with overweight and obesity with distinct effects on the gut microbiota, plasma metabolome and systemic inflammatory responses: a randomised cross-over trial · 2019
No notice
77.
Butyrate Shapes Immune Cell Fate and Function in Allergic Asthma · 2021
No notice
78.
Chen J., Vitetta L. The role of butyrate in attenuating pathobiont-induced hyperinflammation. Immune Netw. 2020;20:e15.
Not in our library10.4110/in.2020.20.e15
79.
Li Z., Yi C.X., Katiraei S., Kooijman S., Zhou E., Chung C.K., Gao Y., van den Heuvel J.K., Meijer O.C., Berbée J.F.P., et al. Butyrate reduces appetite and activates brown adipose tissue via the gut-brain neural circuit. Gut. 2018;67:1269-1279.
Not in our library10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314050
80.
Zhang Y., Wang Y., Ke B., Du J. TMAO: How gut microbiota contributes to heart failure. Transl Res. 2021;228:109-125.
Not in our library10.1016/j.trsl.2020.08.007
81.
Microbial tryptophan catabolites in health and disease · 2018
No notice
82.
Powell D.N., Swimm A., Sonowal R., Bretin A., Gewirtz A.T., Jones R.M., Kalman D. Indoles from the commensal microbiota act via the AHR and IL-10 to tune the cellular composition of the colonic epithelium during aging. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2020;117:21519-21526.
Not in our library10.1073/pnas.2003004117
83.
Wahlström A., Sayin S.I., Marschall H.U., Bäckhed F. Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism. Cell Metab. 2016;24:41-50.
Not in our library10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.005
84.
de Aguiar Vallim T.Q., Tarling E.J., Edwards P.A. Pleiotropic roles of bile acids in metabolism. Cell Metab. 2013;17:657-669.
Not in our library10.1016/j.cmet.2013.03.013
85.
Dietary and Gut Microbiota Polyamines in Obesity- and Age-Related Diseases · 2019
No notice
86.
Chandrasekaran P., Weiskirchen R. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. Curr. Tissue Microenviron. Rep. 2024.
Not in our library10.1007/s43152-024-00056-3
87.
Chandrasekaran P., Weiskirchen R. Diabetes mellitus and heart disease. Metab. Target Organ Damage. 2024;4:18.
Not in our library10.20517/mtod.2024.15
88.
Hou Q., Zhao F., Liu W., Lv R., Khine W.W.T., Han J., Sun Z., Lee Y.K., Zhang H. Probiotic-directed modulation of gut microbiota is basal microbiome dependent. Gut Microbes. 2020;12:1736974.
Not in our library10.1080/19490976.2020.1736974
89.
Zhang J., Zhao J., Jin H., Lv R., Shi H., De G., Yang B., Sun Z., Zhang H. Probiotics maintain the intestinal microbiome homeostasis of the sailors during a long sea voyage. Gut Microbes. 2020;11:930-943.
Not in our library10.1080/19490976.2020.1722054
90.
Fan H., Chen Z., Lin R., Liu Y., Wu X., Puthiyakunnon S., Wang Y., Zhu B., Zhang Q., Bai Y., et al. Bacteroides fragilis Strain ZY-312 defense against Cronobacter sakazakii-induced necrotizing enterocolitis in vitro and in a neonatal rat model. mSystems. 2019;4:e00305-e00319.
Not in our library10.1128/msystems.00305-19
91.
Piewngam P., Chiou J., Ling J., Liu R., Pupa P., Zheng Y., Otto M. Enterococcal bacteremia in mice is prevented by oral administration of probiotic Bacillus spores. Sci. Transl. Med. 2021;13:eabf4692.
Not in our library10.1126/scitranslmed.abf4692
92.
Djukovic A., Garzón M.J., Canlet C., Cabral V., Lalaoui R., García-Garcerá M., Rechenberger J., Tremblay-Franco M., Peñaranda I., Puchades-Carrasco L., et al. Lactobacillus supports Clostridiales to restrict gut colonization by multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae. Nat. Commun. 2022;13:5617.
Not in our library10.1038/s41467-022-33313-w
93.
Huang W., Ma T., Liu Y., Kwok L.Y., Li Y., Jin H., Zhao F., Shen X., Shi X., Sun Z., et al. Spraying compound probiotics improves growth performance and immunity and modulates gut microbiota and blood metabolites of suckling piglets. Sci. China Life Sci. 2023;66:1092-1107.
Not in our library10.1007/s11427-022-2229-1
94.
Yang C., Liang L., Lv P., Liu L., Wang S., Wang Z., Chen Y. Effects of non-viable Lactobacillus reuteri combining with 14-day standard triple therapy on Helicobacter pylori eradication: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Helicobacter. 2021;26:e12856.
Not in our library10.1111/hel.12856
95.
Bagarolli R.A., Tobar N., Oliveira A.G., Araújo T.G., Carvalho B.M., Rocha G.Z., Vecina J.F., Calisto K., Guadagnini D., Prada P.O., et al. Probiotics modulate gut microbiota and improve insulin sensitivity in DIO mice. J. Nutr. Biochem. 2017;50:16-25.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jnutbio.2017.08.006
96.
Shadnoush M., Hosseini R.S., Khalilnezhad A., Navai L., Goudarzi H., Vaezjalali M. Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: A double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Korean J. Gastroenterol. 2015;65:215-221.
Not in our library10.4166/kjg.2015.65.4.215
97.
Jones C., Badger S.A., Regan M., Clements B.W., Diamond T., Parks R.W., Taylor M.A. Modulation of gut barrier function in patients with obstructive jaundice using probiotic LP299v. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2013;25:1424-1430.
Not in our library10.1097/meg.0b013e328363e26e
98.
Caviglia G.P., Tucci A., Pellicano R., Fagoonee S., Rosso C., Abate M.L., Olivero A., Armandi A., Vanni E., Saracco G.M., et al. Clinical response and changes of cytokines and Zonulin levels in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome treated with Bifidobacterium Longum ES1 for 8 or 12 weeks: A preliminary report. J. Clin. Med. 2020;9:2353.
Not in our library10.3390/jcm9082353
99.
Zhu H., Cao C., Wu Z., Zhang H., Sun Z., Wang M., Xu H., Zhao Z., Wang Y., Pei G., et al. The probiotic L. casei Zhang slows the progression of acute and chronic kidney disease. Cell Metab. 2021;33:1926-1942.e8.
Not in our library10.1016/j.cmet.2021.06.014
100.
Ke X., Walker A., Haange S.B., Lagkouvardos I., Liu Y., Schmitt-Kopplin P., von Bergen M., Jehmlich N., He X., Clavel T., et al. Synbiotic-driven improvement of metabolic disturbances is associated with changes in the gut microbiome in diet-induced obese mice. Mol. Metab. 2019;22:96-109.
Not in our library10.1016/j.molmet.2019.01.012
101.
Tonucci L.B., Olbrich Dos Santos K.M., Licursi de Oliveira L., Rocha Ribeiro S.M., Duarte Martino H.S. Clinical application of probiotics in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Clin. Nutr. 2017;36:85-92.
Not in our library10.1016/j.clnu.2015.11.011
102.
The beneficial effects of Lactobacillus reuteri ADR-1 or ADR-3 consumption on type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial · 2018
Corrected
103.
Hasain Z., Raja Ali R.A., Ahmad H.F., Abdul Rauf U.F., Oon S.F., Mokhtar N.M. The roles of probiotics in the gut microbiota composition and metabolic outcomes in asymptomatic post-gestational diabetes women: A randomized controlled trial. Nutrients. 2022;14:3878.
Not in our library10.3390/nu14183878
104.
Wang Y., Dilidaxi D., Wu Y., Sailike J., Sun X., Nabi X.H. Composite probiotics alleviate type 2 diabetes by regulating intestinal microbiota and inducing GLP-1 secretion in db/db mice. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2020;125:109914.
Not in our library10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109914
105.
A proliferative probiotic Bifidobacterium strain in the gut ameliorates progression of metabolic disorders via microbiota modulation and acetate elevation · 2017
No notice
106.
Colorectal Cancer Cells Increase the Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids by Propionibacterium freudenreichii Impacting on Cancer Cells Survival · 2018
Not checked
107.
Song L., Sun Q., Zheng H., Zhang Y., Wang Y., Liu S., Duan L. Roseburia hominis alleviates neuroinflammation via short-chain fatty acids through histone deacetylase inhibition. Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 2022;66:e2200164.
Not in our library10.1002/mnfr.202200164
108.
Di Luccia B., Mazzoli A., Cancelliere R., Crescenzo R., Ferrandino I., Monaco A., Bucci A., Naclerio G., Iossa S., Ricca E., et al. Lactobacillus gasseri SF1183 protects the intestinal epithelium and prevents colitis symptoms in vivo. J. Funct. Foods. 2018;42:195-202.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jff.2017.12.049
109.
Asemi Z., Zare Z., Shakeri H., Sabihi S.S., Esmaillzadeh A. Effect of multispecies probiotic supplements on metabolic profiles, hs-CRP, and oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 2013;63:1-9.
Not in our library10.1159/000349922
110.
Asemi Z., Khorrami-Rad A., Alizadeh S.A., Shakeri H., Esmaillzadeh A. Effects of synbiotic food consumption on metabolic status of diabetic patients: A double-blind randomized cross-over controlled clinical trial. Clin Nutr. 2014;33:198-203.
Not in our library10.1016/j.clnu.2013.05.015
111.
Mazloom Z., Yousefinejad A., Dabbaghmanesh M.H. Effect of probiotics on lipid profile, glycemic control, insulin action, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: A clinical trial. Iran J. Med. Sci. 2013;38:38-43.
Not in our library
112.
Effect of the consumption of a new symbiotic shake on glycemia and cholesterol levels in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus · 2012
No notice
113.
Ghafouri A., Zarrati M., Shidfar F., Heydari I., Shokouhi Shoormasti R., Eslami O. Effect of synbiotic bread containing lactic acid on glycemic indicators, biomarkers of antioxidant status and inflammation in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetol. Metab. Syndr. 2019;11:103.
Not in our library10.1186/s13098-019-0496-9
114.
The Role of Obesity in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—An Overview · 2024
No notice
115.
Chandrasekaran P., Weiskirchen R. The pivotal role of the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase domain containing 7 in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Livers. 2024;4:1-14.
Not in our library10.3390/livers4010001
116.
Davis C.D. The gut microbiome and its role in obesity. Nutr. Today. 2016;51:167-174.
Not in our library10.1097/nt.0000000000000167
117.
Liu B.N., Liu X.T., Liang Z.H., Wang J.H. Gut microbiota in obesity. World J. Gastroenterol. 2021;27:3837-3850.
Not in our library10.3748/wjg.v27.i25.3837
118.
The Gut Microbiome as a Major Regulator of the Gut-Skin Axis · 2018
No notice
119.
Lunjani N., Hlela C., O’Mahony L. Microbiome and skin biology. Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol. 2019;19:328-333.
Not in our library10.1097/aci.0000000000000542
120.
Goodarzi A., Mozafarpoor S., Bodaghabadi M., Mohamadi M. The potential of probiotics for treating acne vulgaris: A review of literature on acne and microbiota. Dermatol. Ther. 2020;33:e13279.
Not in our library10.1111/dth.13279
121.
Kober M.M., Bowe W.P. The effect of probiotics on immune regulation, acne, and photoaging. Int. J. Women’s Dermatol. 2015;1:85-89.
Not in our library10.1016/j.ijwd.2015.02.001
122.
Hidalgo-Cantabrana C., Gómez J., Delgado S., Requena-López S., Queiro-Silva R., Margolles A., Coto E., Sánchez B., Coto-Segura P. Gut microbiota dysbiosis in a cohort of patients with psoriasis. Br. J. Dermatol. 2019;181:1287-1295.
Not in our library10.1111/bjd.17931
123.
Scher J.U., Ubeda C., Artacho A., Attur M., Isaac S., Reddy S.M., Marmon S., Neimann A., Brusca S., Patel T., et al. Decreased bacterial diversity characterizes the altered gut microbiota in patients with psoriatic arthritis, resembling dysbiosis in inflammatory bowel disease. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:128-139.
Not in our library10.1002/art.38892
124.
Yan D., Issa N., Afifi L., Jeon C., Chang H.W., Liao W. The role of the skin and gut microbiome in psoriatic disease. Curr. Dermatol. Rep. 2017;6:94-103.
Not in our library10.1007/s13671-017-0178-5
125.
Atabati H., Esmaeili S.A., Saburi E., Akhlaghi M., Raoofi A., Rezaei N., Momtazi-Borojeni A.A. Probiotics with ameliorating effects on the severity of skin inflammation in psoriasis: Evidence from experimental and clinical studies. J. Cell. Physiol. 2020;235:8925-8937.
Not in our library10.1002/jcp.29737
126.
Varela-Trinidad G.U., Domínguez-Díaz C., Solórzano-Castanedo K., Íñiguez-Gutiérrez L., Hernández-Flores T.J., Fafutis-Morris M. Probiotics: Protecting our health from the gut. Microorganisms. 2022;10:1428.
Not in our library10.3390/microorganisms10071428
127.
Microbiota medicine: towards clinical revolution · 2022
No notice
128.
Cao F., Jin L., Gao Y., Ding Y., Wen H., Qian Z., Zhang C., Hong L., Yang H., Zhang J., et al. Artificial-enzymes-armed Bifidobacterium longum probiotics for alleviating intestinal inflammation and microbiota dysbiosis. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2023;18:617-627.
Not in our library10.1038/s41565-023-01346-x
129.
Zheng D.W., Li R.Q., An J.X., Xie T.Q., Han Z.Y., Xu R., Fang Y., Zhang X.Z. Prebiotics-encapsulated probiotic spores regulate gut microbiota and suppress colon cancer. Adv. Mater. 2020;32:e2004529.
Not in our library10.1002/adma.202004529
130.
Fu J., Liu X., Cui Z., Zheng Y., Jiang H., Zhang Y., Li Z., Liang Y., Zhu S., Chu P.K., et al. Probiotic-based nanoparticles for targeted microbiota modulation and immune restoration in bacterial pneumonia. Natl. Sci. Rev. 2023;10:nwac221.
Not in our library10.1093/nsr/nwac221
131.
Kim C.S., Jung M.H., Choi E.Y., Shin D.M. Probiotic supplementation has sex-dependent effects on immune responses in association with the gut microbiota in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Nutr. Res. Pract. 2023;17:883-898.
Not in our library10.4162/nrp.2023.17.5.883
132.
Li X., Lin Y., Chen Y., Sui H., Chen J., Li J., Zhang G., Yan Y. The effects of race and probiotic supplementation on the intestinal microbiota of 10-km open-water swimmers. Heliyon. 2023;9:e22735.
Not in our library10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22735
133.
Floch M.H. Gender in probiotic use. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 2015;49:93-94.
Not in our library10.1097/mcg.0000000000000273
134.
Global metabolic interaction network of the human gut microbiota for context-specific community-scale analysis · 2017
No notice
135.
Goyal A., Wang T., Dubinkina V., Maslov S. Ecology-guided prediction of cross-feeding interactions in the human gut microbiome. Nat. Commun. 2021;12:1335.
Not in our library10.1038/s41467-021-21586-6
136.
Sun T., Niu X., He Q., Chen F., Qi R.Q. Artificial Intelligence in microbiomes analysis: A review of applications in dermatology. Front. Microbiol. 2023;14:1112010.
Not in our library10.3389/fmicb.2023.1112010
137.
Machine learning and deep learning applications in microbiome research · 2022
No notice
138.
Li P., Luo H., Ji B., Nielsen J. Machine learning for data integration in human gut microbiome. Microb. Cell Fact. 2022;21:241.
Not in our library10.1186/s12934-022-01973-4

Reads

Read by people on this page

None yet.

Checked or read by AI through naulon

None yet.

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.

Are you an author?

Is this your paper?

Claim it to add your note and be paid when agents cite it. Free.