<it>Bifidobacterium animalis </it>AHC7 protects against pathogen-induced NF-κB activation <it>in vivo </it>

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli are among the early and important colonizers of the gastrointestinal tract and are generally considered to be part of a normal, healthy microbiota. It is believed that specific strains within the microbiota can influence host immune-reactivity and may play a role in protection from infection and aberrant inflammatory activity. One such strain, <it>Bifidobacterium animalis </it>AHC7, has been previously shown to protect against <it>Salmonella typhimurium </it>infection in mice and helps resolve acute idiopathic diarrhea in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential molecular and cellular mechanisms underpinning the <it>Bifidobacterium animalis </it>AHC7 protective effect.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Following 4 hours of infection with <it>Salmonella typhimurium</it>, NF-κB activation was significantly elevated <it>in vivo </it>in placebo and <it>Enterococcus faecium</it>-fed animals while <it>Bifidobacterium animalis </it>AHC7 consumption significantly attenuated the NF-κB response. <it>In vitro </it>anti-CD3/CD28 stimulated Peyer's patch cells secreted significantly less TNF-α and IFN-γ following <it>Bifidobacterium animalis </it>AHC7 consumption. Stimulated cells released more IL-12p70 but this difference did not reach statistical significance. No alteration in mucosal IL-6, IL-10 or MCP-1 levels were observed. No statistically significant change in the cytokine profile of mesenteric lymph node cells was noted. <it>In vitro</it>, <it>Bifidobacterium animalis </it>AHC7 was bound by dendritic cells and induced secretion of both IL-10 and IL-12p70. In addition, co-culture of CD4+ T cells with <it>Bifidobacterium animalis </it>AHC7-stimulated dendritic cells resulted in a significant increase in CD25+Foxp3+ T cell numbers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>Bifidobacterium animalis </it>AHC7 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect via the attenuation of pro-inflammatory transcription factor activation in response to an infectious insult associated with modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine production within the mucosa. The cellular mechanism underpinning <it>Bifidobacterium animalis </it>AHC7 mediated attenuation of NF-κB activation may include recognition of the bacterium by dendritic cells and induction of CD25+Foxp3+ T cells.</p>

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

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