Potential for evolutionary responses to climate change – evidence from tree populations

Abstract

Evolutionary responses are required for tree populations to be able to track climate change. Results of 250 years of common garden experiments show that most forest trees have evolved local adaptation, as evidenced by the adaptive differentiation of populations in quantitative traits, reflecting environmental conditions of population origins. On the basis of the patterns of quantitative variation for 19 adaptation‐related traits studied in 59 tree species (mostly temperate and boreal species from the Northern hemisphere), we found that genetic differentiation between populations and clinal variation along environmental gradients were very common (respectively, 90% and 78% of cases). Thus, responding to climate change will likely require that the quantitative traits of populations again match their environments. We examine what kind of information is needed for evaluating the potential to respond, and what information is already available. We review the genetic models related to selection responses, and what is known currently about the genetic basis of the traits. We address special problems to be found at the range margins, and highlight the need for more modeling to understand specific issues at southern and northern margins. We need new common garden experiments for less known species. For extensively studied species, new experiments are needed outside the current ranges. Improving genomic information will allow better prediction of responses. Competitive and other interactions within species and interactions between species deserve more consideration. Despite the long generation times, the strong background in quantitative genetics and growing genomic resources make forest trees useful species for climate change research. The greatest adaptive response is expected when populations are large, have high genetic variability, selection is strong, and there is ecological opportunity for establishment of better adapted genotypes.

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Cited by papers we hold 10

• A candidate gene association analysis identifies SNPs potentially involved in drought tolerance in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) · 2021
  Not checked
• Assessing adaptive and plastic responses in growth and functional traits in a 10‐year‐old common garden experiment with pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) suggests that directional selection can drive climatic adaptation · 2020
  Not checked
• Evolutionary genomics can improve prediction of species’ responses to climate change · 2020
  No notice
• Pervasive admixture between eucalypt species has consequences for conservation and assisted migration · 2019
  Not checked
• Morpho-physiological variation of white spruce seedlings from various seed sources and implications for deployment under climate change · 2016
  Not checked
• Adaptation and plasticity in aboveground allometry variation of four pine species along environmental gradients · 2016
  Not checked
• Time to get moving: assisted gene flow of forest trees · 2015
  No notice
• Characterisation of adaptive genetic diversity in environmentally contrasted populations of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. (river red gum). · 2014
  Not checked
• The interaction between freezing tolerance and phenology in temperate deciduous trees · 2014
  No notice
• Evolutionary and plastic responses to climate change in terrestrial plant populations · 2013
  No notice

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