Twisted photons: new quantum perspectives in high dimensions

Abstract

Twisted photons can be used as alphabets to encode information beyond one bit per single photon. This ability offers great potential for quantum information tasks, as well as for the investigation of fundamental questions. In this review article, we give a brief overview of the theoretical differences between qubits and higher dimensional systems, qudits, in different quantum information scenarios. We then describe recent experimental developments in this field over the past three years. Finally, we summarize some important experimental and theoretical questions that might be beneficial to understand better in the near future.

Full text

Its licence does not allow us to show the full text. Read it at PubMed Central:

References 141

1. 1.

   Schrödinger E. Die gegenwärtige situation in der quantenmechanik. Naturwissenschaften 1935; 23: 807–812.

   Not in our library

2. 2.

   Einstein A, Podolsky B, Rosen N. Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? Phys Rev 1935; 47: 777–780.

   Not in our library

3. 3.

   Bell JS. On the einstein podolsky rosen paradox. Physics 1964; 1: 195–200.

   Not in our library

4. 4.

   Wootters WK, Zurek WH. A single quantum cannot be cloned. Nature 1982; 299: 802–803.

   Not in our library

5. 5.

   Ding D-S, Zhang W, Shi S, Zhou Z-Y, Li Y et al. High-dimensional entanglement between distant atomic-ensemble memories. Light Sci Appl 2016; 5: e16157, doi:10.1038/lsa.2016.157.

   Not in our library10.1038/lsa.2016.157

6. 6.

   Parigi V, D'Ambrosio V, Arnold C, Marrucci L, Sciarrino F et al. Storage and retrieval of vector beams of light in a multiple-degree-of-freedom quantum memory. Nat Commun 2015; 6: 7706.

   Not in our library10.1038/ncomms8706

7. 7.

   Kiktenko EO, Fedorov AK, Man'ko OV, Man'ko VI. Multilevel superconducting circuits as two-qubit systems: Operations, state preparation, and entropic inequalities. Phys Rev A 2015; 91: 042312.

   Not in our library

8. 8.

   Kiktenko EO, Fedorov AK, Strakhov AA, Man'ko VI. Single qudit realization of the Deutsch algorithm using superconducting many-level quantum circuits. Phys Lett A 2015; 379: 1409–1413.

   Not in our library

9. 9.

   Schaeff C, Polster R, Huber M, Ramelow S, Zeilinger A. Experimental access to higher-dimensional entangled quantum systems using integrated optics. Optica 2015; 2: 523–529.

   Not in our library

10. 10.

    Martin A, Guerreiro T, Tiranov A, Designolle S, Fröwis F et al. Quantifying photonic high-dimensional entanglement. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118: 110501.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.118.110501

11. 11.

    Schmiegelow CT, Schulz J, Kaufmann H, Ruster T, Poschinger UG et al. Transfer of optical orbital angular momentum to a bound electron. Nat Commun 2016; 7: 12998.

    Not in our library10.1038/ncomms12998

12. 12.

    Karimi E, Schulz SA, De Leon I, Qassim H, Upham J et al. Generating optical orbital angular momentum at visible wavelengths using a plasmonic metasurface. Light Sci Appl 2014; 3: e167, doi:10.1038/lsa.2014.48.

    Not in our library

13. 13.

    Cai X, Wang J, Strain MJ, Johnson-Morris B, Zhu J et al. Integrated compact optical vortex beam emitters. Science 2012; 338: 363–366.

    Not in our library10.1126/science.1226528

14. 14.

    Rubinsztein-Dunlop H, Forbes A, Berry MV, Dennis MR, Andrews DL et al. Roadmap on structured light. J Opt 2016; 19: 013001.

    Not in our library

15. 15.

    Padgett MJ. Orbital angular momentum 25 years on. Opt Express 2017; 25: 11265–11274.

    Not in our library10.1364/oe.25.011265

16. 16.

    Molina-Terriza G, Torres JP, Torner L. Twisted photons. Nat Phys 2007; 3: 305–310.

    Not in our library

17. 17.

    Krenn M, Malik M, Erhard M, Zeilinger A. Orbital angular momentum of photons and the entanglement of Laguerre—Gaussian modes. Phil Trans R Soc A 2017; 375: 20150442.

    Not in our library10.1098/rsta.2015.0442

18. 18.

    Nielsen MA, Chuang IL. Quantum Computation and Quantum Information. Cambridge University Press; 2010.

    Not in our library

19. 19.

    Horodecki R, Horodecki P, Horodecki M, Horodecki K. Quantum entanglement. Rev Mod Phys 2009; 81: 865–942.

    Not in our library

20. 20.

    Plenio MB, Virmani S. An introduction to entanglement measures. Quantum Inf Comput 2007; 7: 1–51.

    Not in our library

21. 21.

    Bruss D. Characterizing entanglement. J Math Phys 2002; 43: 4237–4251.

    Not in our library

22. 22.

    Pan J-W, Chen Z-B, Lu C-Y, Weinfurter H, Zeilinger A et al. Multiphoton entanglement and interferometry. Rev Mod Phys 2012; 84: 777–838.

    Not in our library

23. 23.

    Yin J, Cao Y, Li Y-H, Liao S-K, Zhang L et al. Satellite-based entanglement distribution over 1200 kilometers. Science 2017; 356: 1140–1144.

    Not in our library10.1126/science.aan3211

24. 24.

    Allen L, Beijersbergen MW, Spreeuw R, Woerdman JP. Orbital angular momentum of light and the transformation of Laguerre-Gaussian laser modes. Phys Rev A 1992; 45: 8185–8189.

    Not in our library10.1103/physreva.45.8185

25. 25.

    Fickler R, Krenn M, Lapkiewicz R, Ramelow S, Zeilinger A. Real-time imaging of quantum entanglement. Sci Rep 2013; 3: 1914.

    Not in our library10.1038/srep01914

26. 26.

    Bechmann-Pasquinucci H, Tittel W. Quantum cryptography using larger alphabets. Phys Rev A 2000; 61: 062308.

    Not in our library

27. 27.

    Cerf NJ, Bourennane M, Karlsson A, Gisin N. Security of quantum key distribution using d-level systems. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88: 127902.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.88.127902

28. 28.

    Ekert AK. Quantum cryptography based on Bell's theorem. Phys Rev Lett 1991; 67: 661–663.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.67.661

29. 29.

    Bennett CH, Brassard G. Quantum Cryptography: Public Key Distribution and Coin Tossing. 1984 International Conference on Computers, Systems & Signal Processing: Bangalore, India; 1984, 175–179.

    Not in our library

30. 30.

    Bennett CH, Brassard G, Mermin ND. Quantum cryptography without Bell's theorem. Phys Rev Lett 1992; 68: 557–559.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.68.557

31. 31.

    Shor PW, Preskill J. Simple proof of security of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85: 441–444.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.85.441

32. 32.

    Scarani V, Bechmann-Pasquinucci H, Cerf NJ, Dusek M, Lütkenhaus N et al. The security of practical quantum key distribution. Rev Mod Phys 2009; 81: 1301.

    Not in our library

33. 33.

    Bruss D. Optimal eavesdropping in quantum cryptography with six states. Phys Rev Lett 1998; 81: 3018–3021.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.88.127901

34. 34.

    Lo H-K. Proof of unconditional security of six-state quantum key distribution scheme. Physics 2001; 1: 81–94.

    Not in our library

35. 35.

    Brádler K, Mirhosseini M, Fickler R, Broadbent A, Boyd R. Finite-key security analysis for multilevel quantum key distribution. New J Phys 2016; 18: 073030.

    Not in our library

36. 36.

    Sasaki T, Yamamoto Y, Koashi M. Practical quantum key distribution protocol without monitoring signal disturbance. Nature 2014; 509: 475–478.

    Not in our library10.1038/nature13303

37. 37.

    Hensen B, Bernien H, Dréau AE, Reiserer A, Kalb N et al. Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres. Nature 2015; 526: 682–686.

    Not in our library10.1038/nature15759

38. 38.

    Giustina M, Versteegh MA, Wengerowsky S, Handsteiner J, Hochrainer A et al. Significant-loophole-free test of Bell’s theorem with entangled photons. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115: 250401.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.115.250401

39. 39.

    Shalm LK, Meyer-Scott E, Christensen BG, Bierhorst P, Wayne MA et al. Strong loophole-free test of local realism. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115: 250402.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.115.250402

40. 40.

    Rosenfeld W, Burchardt D, Garthoff R, Redeker K, Ortegel N et al. Event-ready bell test using entangled atoms simultaneously closing detection and locality loopholes. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119: 010402.

    Not in our library10.1103/physrevlett.119.010402

Cited by papers we hold 3

• Towards higher-dimensional structured light · 2022
  No notice
• Shaping caustics into propagation-invariant light · 2020
  Not checked
• Optical vortices 30 years on: OAM manipulation from topological charge to multiple singularities · 2019
  No notice

Reads

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.