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A list of candidate cancer biomarkers for targeted proteomics.

Malu Polanski, N. Leigh Anderson

PubMed · 2007

Abstract

We have compiled from literature and other sources a list of 1261 proteins believed to be differentially expressed in human cancer. These proteins, only some of which have been detected in plasma to date, represent a population of candidate plasma biomarkers that could be useful in early cancer detection and monitoring given sufficiently sensitive specific assays. We have begun to prioritize these markers for future validation by frequency of literature citations, both total and as a function of time. The candidates include proteins involved in oncogenesis, angiogenesis, development, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, hematopoiesis, immune and hormonal responses, cell signaling, nucleotide function, hydrolysis, cellular homing, cell cycle and structure, the acute phase response and hormonal control. Many have been detected in studies of tissue or nuclear components; nevertheless we hypothesize that most if not all should be present in plasma at some level. Of the 1261 candidates only 9 have been approved as "tumor associated antigens" by the FDA. We propose that systematic collection and large-scale validation of candidate biomarkers would fill the gap currently existing between basic research and clinical use of advanced diagnostics.

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Full text

From PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine, as current on Oct 19, 2026. Paragraph numbers are ours, so an answer can point at one.

Introduction

The study of cancer biomarker proteins began in 1847 with the discovery by Henry Bence-Jones of what turned out, more than 100 years later, to be a tumor-produced free antibody light chain “Bence Jones protein” in the urine of a multiple myeloma patient where it was present in large quantities and could be revealed by simple heat denaturation. One hundred and 40 years later this protein was demonstrated to be present also in the serum, and in 1998 a routine immunodiagnostic test was approved by the FDA. Hormones produced by tumors were also detected early on: adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), calcitonin, and chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), for example, are elevated in specific cancer types, though not with the tumor specificity of Bence-Jones proteins.

Unfortunately, the paradigm in which an overproduced tumor-specific protein can be easily detected as a marker of cancer has turned out to be the exception rather than the rule: in the nearly 160 years since Bence-Jones’ discovery, less than 10 proteins have progressed to the level of FDA-approved cancer diagnostic tests, and most of these lack ideal sensitivity and specificity for cancer.

In recent years “… the emerging science of genomics and proteomics have generated a plethora of candidate cancer biomarkers”. Unfortunately few of these markers immediately stand out as superior prognostic or diagnostic tools, and even fewer have been validated and approved. Several factors might account for the slow pace of advance in cancer biomarkers. On the one hand, available proteomics technology has limited power to detect low-abundance cancer biomarkers against the background of high-abundance plasma proteins, and many of the best markers may thus be missed until discovery technology improves. On the other hand, the capacity to verify and validate existing candidate markers (through rigorous testing in large sample sets from many diseases) is limited, and it is therefore possible that the required biomarkers have already been “discovered” but not yet validated. In this paper, we are concerned with the latter possibility, and specifically with the problem of selecting among the existing candidates those that are most promising for systematic validation.

This line of enquiry immediately raises the question: where is the list of known candidate cancer biomarkers? While a number of useful reviews and books discuss specific cancer markers with clinical promise, these generally concentrate on proven, or at least well-developed, markers or specific disease states. We were unable to find a list that draws together a large population of candidates at all stages of development from multiple discovery sources, and thus our first step has been to create one through a combination of literature search and other methods.

The value of a list of existing candidates could be limited by the general lack of sensitivity and specificity exhibited by most of the cancer markers found to date, a factor that may have discouraged others from undertaking this task previously. Most candidates that have been followed up in larger studies have shown poor diagnostic value (Table 1), and even those that have been approved for clinical use exhibit lower sensitivity and specificity than the well-known markers of, eg, acute cardiovascular events (ie, troponin in myocardial infarction or B-type natriuretic peptide in congestive heart failure, Table 1).

On the other hand, there seems to be a growing consensus that panels of markers may be able to supply the specificity and sensitivity that individual markers lack. For example a panel combining four known biomarkers (leptin, prolactin, osteopontin, insulin-like growth factor II), none of which used alone could distinguish patients from the controls, achieved a sensitivity and specificity of 95% for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. In this case a combination of known proteins in a novel panel provided a significant advance. Xiao et al. identified 299 proteins in tissue culture by 1-D page and nano-ESI-MS/MS but then used ELISA to test 13 of the most interesting in serum. They reported that CD98, fascin, the secreted chain of the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor and 14-3-3 eta provide greater sensitivity when used together as a panel than any of the markers used alone.

If, as we and others believe, panels of proteins provide the most promising avenue towards early and accurate cancer detection, then a re-examination of known candidates provides a logical approach to panel generation, with the expectation that a stream of new markers can be added as they are identified by marker discovery studies. This candidate-based, or targeted, approach will require a comprehensive list of prioritized candidates coupled with a technology able to assay these in large sets of plasma and serum samples from clinical and epidemiological studies (together a “biomarker pipeline”).

Here we have begun to compile and prioritize a database of candidate biomarkers reported to be differentially expressed in studies of human cancer. We have included changes observed either at the protein (plasma or tissue) or nucleic acid (tissue DNA or RNA) level for any cancer, and excluded results restricted to animal, cell culture systems, or single case report studies in hopes of focusing on the most promising clinical biomarker candidates. We hypothesize that the protein version of most, if not all of these markers should be detectable in blood plasma at some level, irrespective of the tissue source, ultimately allowing for their use in patient screening, diagnosis or follow-up.

Search strategy

The principal strategy for creation of our list involved compilation of designated cancer related proteins from: our previously published work, PubMed literature searches, cancer microarrays (868 proteins from 111 human cancer Superarrays (http://www.superarry.com and in supplemental material), Circulating Tumor Markers of the New Millennium, American Association for Clinical Chemistry abstracts and general literature perusal. PubMed searches included de novo PubMed literature searches: [plasma (Title/Abstract) NOT membrane (Title/Abstract) NOT stimulation (Title/Abstract) NOT drug (Title/Abstract) NOT dose (Title/Abstract) AND protein (Title/Abstract) AND cancer] and [“cancer antigen” AND human], as well as the PubMed literature search used for proteins from other sources [“protein name” AND cancer AND human AND (where necessary) diagnostic AND (where necessary) expression] and PubMed “related article” searches. Only proteins for which we found at least one published study on human cancer utilizing primary samples were retained (639 of the array proteins). Each biomarker reference was then manually tabulated and curated as to disease and tissue (including plasma). Single case studies were excluded.

Clinical use data

FDA approval dates for tests were obtained from the FDA Center for Devices and Radiological Health database. Proteins designated here as clinical markers are those offered commercially by ARUP or by Mayo Medical Laboratories, or else offered for internal use by either NIH or the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center.

Citation analysis

Each documented protein on the resulting list was searched against the literature (via PubMed) using the query [“protein name” AND human AND cancer AND diagnostic]. This is admittedly a crude metric of research interest in a biomarker, but provides a useful method of relative prioritization among markers. In tabulating citation frequencies we did not exclude those categories ruled out in compiling the list initially: studies of animal systems, single clinical cases, or cell lines. If the “protein name” was not found by this search strategy it was counted as zero. It must be noted that PubMed is not a static archive but rather constantly changing both by additions, subtractions, and redefinition of MeSH headings. Still this exercise allowed some relative ranking of interest and therefore importance. Total cancer citations per year were determined using the query [human AND cancer AND diagnostic] limited to a specific publication year.

Annotation

Swiss-Prot/Uniprot accession numbers were obtained where possible. Most of the TrEMBL annotations were done prior to the addition of species information to the annotation number and so this form of the annotation was maintained. Candidate cancer biomarkers were annotated with GO numbers and IDs from EBI’s human GOA 30.0 (gene_association.goa_human, ftp://ftp.ebi.ac.uk/pub/databases) and the Gene Ontology’s GO.def version 1.213 (http://www.geneontology.org/ontology/GO.defs) respectively. Similar ID groupings were then combined. The entire Human GO file was treated in an identical fashion for comparison with the candidates.

Protein concentrations

Where possible, normal or control values for the plasma concentration of each protein were obtained by literature search. Unless specifically noted, protein concentrations are for the intact protein not individual subunits.

Results

A search strategy combining literature search, extraction from microarray data, and a review of existing clinical tests, followed by manual curation, provided a list of 1261 candidate protein biomarkers (supplemental material) for which we found evidence of a quantitative change in some human cancer. As shown in Table 2, the candidates included proteins known to occur in plasma (274), proteins detected in tissue samples (542), and proteins whose corresponding mRNA or DNA levels were differentially expressed between cancerous and normal samples (656). These categories are non-exclusive in that a significant number of the candidates were found in more than one type of study. Proteins detected in the plasma represent 22% of the total proteins documented to date.

Citation frequency

Citation frequency analysis was used as one method of prioritizing the biomarkers, on the assumption that proteins most widely studied in the context of cancer had more promise as biomarkers. Citation frequency was determined using a PubMed query intended to count citations in which the authors considered the proteins to have diagnostic value (Figure 1, Table 3). When this is done, 29% of the 1,261 biomarkers have no such citations, 67% have fewer than 10, and 74% fewer than 20. Likewise only a very limited number of biomarkers have extensive citations, 62 proteins or only 5% of the total number of biomarkers were found to have greater than 500 citations.

Biomarkers with greater than 500 citations

Of the 34 biomarkers with more than 1000 citations (Figure 2, Table 3) 79% are found in the plasma and 56% are presently used clinically (89% of which are reported in plasma). Of the 28 markers with between 500 and 1000 citations (Figure 3) 57% are plasma proteins but only 7% are used clinically. Both of the markers used clinically are plasma proteins. Some proteins with high citation frequency (eg, albumin) are somewhat surprising to see in the context of cancer biomarkers; these have been retained nevertheless because they appear to have reasonable relevance (low serum albumin levels are prognostic of poor survival as noted in the table contents).

Proteins with a large number or percentage of citations in 2004

In an effort to include more recently discovered biomarkers we also looked at the proteins that had greater than 100 citations in 2004 or greater than 50% of their citations in 2004. Of the proteins with more than 100 citations in 2004, all but COX2 are represented in figures 2 and 3. Of those with a majority of total citations occurring in 2004, most have a low number (<10) of absolute citations (Figure 4, Table 3), 32% are detected in plasma and none are presently being used clinically.

Time evolution of biomarker citations

We tracked the number of citations per year for selected cancer biomarkers over the last 35 years (Figure 5). The number of times a protein was cited in a given year (“protein name” AND cancer AND human AND diagnostic) was divided by the total number of cancer citations for that year (cancer AND human AND diagnostic) to give a rough index of the prominence of the biomarker in cancer research. Although frequently cited in the 1970’s and 1980’s, interest in CEA has dropped dramatically. The most cited marker in this group, PSA, has well-documented limitations as a diagnostic yet it continues to be cited either as the only option or as the biomarker upon which to improve. Interest in most of these biomarkers evolves in a fairly similar way: each appears to take a few years to be recognized, followed by gradually increasing interest over the following 15 to 20 years. Of these markers the FDA has approved only three as diagnostic cancer antigens: alpha-fetoprotein, CEA, and PSA (approved May 31, 1988, October 15, 1980 and February 25, 1986 respectively; Figure 5). To date only 6 additional markers have been approved by the FDA under the category of tumor associated antigens: CA 19-9 in May of 2002, Her2/Neu in September of 2000, CA 15.3 in February of 1981, bladder tumor marker in April of 1997, thyroglobulin in March of 1999 and CA 125 in July of 1987 (Table 4). None of these markers, used singly, has over 90% sensitivity and specificity. Although these numbers are for specific assays, they are representative of the general lack of specificity and sensitivity of the individual cancer markers currently available.

Concentration range of cancer plasma biomarkers

We attempted to collect normal plasma concentrations for candidate cancer biomarkers reported in the literature. The resulting 211 values were histogramed (Figure 6) for comparison with the distributions of concentrations of either unselected plasma proteins from PPI’s plasma protein database, or a set of candidate cardiovascular biomarkers. The cancer candidates cover a >10-log concentration range with proteins such as immune modulating interleukins (1α andβ, 2, 5, 6, 9, 10, IFN-γ and GM-CSF) being present in normal plasma or serum in the pg/mL range while classical plasma proteins (albumin, transferrin, fibrinogen, and α-2-macroglobulin) are present at mg/mL levels. When the cancer candidate distribution is compared to the concentrations for all plasma proteins (unpublished results) and plasma markers of cardiac disease, a greater proportion of the cancer candidates appear in the lower concentration ranges than general plasma proteins or cardiac markers. Thus normal values for 185 (88%) of the markers for which we know the plasma concentration fall below 10 microgram/mL and 103 (49%) fall below 10 ng/mL. Tabulated concentrations are those found in controls not patients. Thus in many cases these may increase in cancer, thereby aiding in their detection.

Genome Ontology classification of cancer candidate biomarkers

We compared the distribution of GO annotations for the cancer candidates with the distribution for all annotated human proteins over a series of summary categories, with the aim of finding any large biases in the cancer group. In comparing “Biological Process” GO annotation, the cancer biomarkers show an increased representation of apoptosis, cell cycle and proliferation annotations; processes blocked or increased in tumors (Figure 7); while metabolism, catabolism and transport proteins are decreased. When the two sets are compared by “Cellular Component” GO terms (Figure 8), the extracellular category is over represented in the cancer biomarker database in comparison with the whole human database (20% versus 6% respectively). This is true even if the proteins found experimentally in plasma are excluded (12% extracellular). The other Cellular Component categories show only small differences between the proteins sets. Comparing “Molecular Function” GO terms, only small differences are apparent between the cancer candidates and the whole annotated human proteome.

Prioritization of candidates

Given the size of the list of candidates resulting from our assembly procedure, we attempted to select a smaller subset of higher priority candidates as a starting point for consideration of assay development and clinical validation. This subset comprising 260 proteins (Table 3) was compiled from the most highly cited proteins, the “recent” markers, plasma proteins of known concentration (indicating existence of an assay) and any marker presently in any type of clinical use. Many of these markers fall into expected categories such as immune modulation molecules (acute phase proteins, coagulation factors, immune modulators); and mediators of classical cancer pathways (oncoproteins, angiogenic or apoptosis factors, tumor suppressors or antigens, cellular homing or proliferation molecules). Somewhat less expected perhaps is that almost 22 (8%) of these top 262 proteins are involved in hormonal action.

Existence of a specific antibody

For each of the 260 high priority candidates, we performed web searches, primarily through the Exact Antigen website (www.exactantigen.com), to determine whether an antibody with potential utility in a plasma assay is commercially available. Relevant antibodies were found for 186 (72%) of the 260 high priority candidates.

Discussion

According to the Centers for Disease Control, 1 in every 4 deaths in the United States is due to cancer. Many of these deaths could be averted by improved early cancer detection, since existing therapies, especially surgery, are much more effective in early cancer stages as compared to later stages. Billions of dollars have been spent on basic research looking for molecular differences related to cancer-work that has been at least partly motivated by the need for improved in vitro diagnostic tests to detect or monitor progression of cancer. Yet to our knowledge no centralized database of known candidate cancer biomarkers exists. Such a list could serve to confirm new results, eg, from proteomic comparisons of cancer and control sera, by placing them in a context of earlier work. Additionally it could serve as a reservoir of current and future candidates to be tested in large sample sets by candidate-based (“targeted” or “directed”) proteomics methods. The latter use is important, since candidate-based methods, consisting of specific assays for defined targets, are likely to be much more sensitive than proteome profiling methods, and hence could cover a much broader universe of protein candidates and potentially detect disease states earlier.

The present catalog of 1261 human candidate cancer biomarkers is a first attempt at such a database. We did not select specific cancer types or specific detection methods, choosing instead to cast a broad net. In the resulting list, it will be apparent that the strength of evidence and likelihood of ultimate usefulness of the candidates varies widely. Even candidates that have been tested and found to have poor diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were retained, as they may nevertheless contribute to useful panels as in the work of Mor and Xiao. Looking at the list, one might question why the most abundant plasma protein (serum albumin) is included – though perhaps counter-intuitive, albumin does meet the search criteria used, and is in fact a useful negative acute phase indicator likely to be altered in cancer along with many inflammation-related proteins. Other well-known proteins not usually considered as cancer-specific are also included (eg, protein and peptide hormones overproduced by endocrine tumors or through ectopic synthesis). Overall, the list is not easily recognizable by inspection as a list of cancer markers.

Of the 1261 proteins, 22% are reported to occur in plasma. This is an appreciable fraction considering that many of the large array studies, capable of finding many markers per experiment, have looked for differential protein or DNA expression in tissues. For bona fide cell-associated cancer markers such as Her-2, there is persuasive evidence that at least a fragment of the protein molecule is released into the plasma and can be detected as a cancer biomarker, and other proteins documented here in the tissues of cancer patients have been demonstrated to be found in plasma in other disease indications. These cases provide some support for the hypothesis that most if not all of the 1261 proteins should be detectable at some level in plasma, the diagnostic sample of choice, given a sensitive enough assay. Whether current assay technologies will be sensitive enough to see a large fraction of the candidates in plasma is a major question at this point, and one that will require vigorous efforts to resolve.

As might be expected, there is a smooth distribution in the number of literature citations per candidate, ranging from almost 8,000 (for PSA) to zero (for candidates not mentioned as diagnostic by the publication’s authors). This result suggests that our literature analysis did not identify a crisply defined set of cancer markers, but rather part of a continuum extending from a few established markers through plausible candidates into more speculative possibilities. Given the complexity of cancer, such an outcome is not surprising.

Only 5% of the 1261 candidates have been extensively studied (500 or greater total citations over the years). When examined as a function of time, the citation history of individual markers appears to show a slow evolution of interest that peaks 15 to 20 years after the initial papers. Only in the cases of CEA and PSA was discovery of a biomarker followed by a rapid increase in publications over a few years and in the case of PSA the steady increase was seen only 10 years after the first citations appeared. Thus in order to catch recently emerged candidates, we focused on candidates with a high proportion of citations occurring in 2004 but with fewer total citations (often 10 or less). Of the total 1261 proteins only 41 are used in some clinical sense and even fewer have FDA approved assays.

While the observed slow pace is easily explained by the deliberate nature of clinical research and the progressive, rather than abrupt, nature of adoption in medical practice, it presents a stark reminder of the challenge involved in making any rapid advance in cancer diagnostics.

These candidate cancer markers, taken as a group, appear to be present in plasma at lower concentrations than comparable groups of cardiac markers or unselected plasma proteins. Although systematic biases in selection of these groups could affect this result, it tends to support the contention that plasma cancer marker discovery is, and may continue to be, a challenge in terms of detection sensitivity. Present discovery proteomics platforms typically detect proteins with plasma concentrations in the mg/mL to microg/mL range. For the proteins in our list with known plasma concentrations, we estimate that 86% would be missed by most conventional proteomics platforms, while 48% would be missed by high-end proteomics platforms with extensive multi-dimensional fractionation. For the present, the only way that many of these proteins can be detected is by specific assays: ie, by targeted proteomics. Targeted proteomics thus represents a preferred path to validation and further study of the candidate markers listed here.

The distribution of our cancer biomarker candidate proteins among GO annotation categories shows remarkable similarity to the distribution for all annotated human proteins. There is some enrichment for proteins annotated as related to apoptosis, cell cycle and proliferation (in the GO biological process category), as would be expected on account of the fundamental involvement of these processes in cancer. The extracellular group (in the GO cell component category) is also somewhat over-represented, a trend favorable to detection in plasma. Nevertheless the candidates seem to represent a very wide sampling of the human proteome.

The full set of these 1,261 candidates is too large to submit for immediate verification and validation in large sample sets by any available means, and some method of prioritization is required to initiate their evaluation. As an initial approach, we have selected a subset of the candidates based on a set of criteria including number of total citations, number of recent citations, proportion of recent citations, known plasma concentration (implying existence of an assay) and clinical use in any context. This subset of 260 candidates (presented in Table 3) includes 186 candidates for which a relevant antibody is commercially available, opening the possibility of testing this group using an antibody array or other miniaturized immunoassay technology in the near future.

While the list of candidate cancer biomarkers assembled here is clearly a simplistic and therefore somewhat crude initial catalog, we believe the result will prove to be of sufficient value to justify extending the effort to provide an ongoing summary of the progress of cancer diagnostics. In particular we believe that linking a database of marker candidates to the bioinformatics architecture used in biomarker discovery will help to connect the discovery and validation phases necessary for progression of biomarkers to the clinic. One can envision a steady accumulation of candidates, regular revision of candidate priorities as evidence emerges from multiple sources (literature, microarrays, systems models, etc), and finally feedback in the form of specific measurements from validation studies in large sample sets. Such a collection of data would provide an up-to-date snapshot of the workings of a cancer diagnostic marker pipeline.

Finally, lists such as this prompt important, but infrequently-asked questions regarding the most productive tack for future discovery efforts. Is it reassuring to find confirmation of fresh observations through overlap with a pre-existing list? Perhaps so, and particularly if the candidates involved appear repeatedly in similar independent studies. However the sieve used here is crude and so our list cannot really “confirm” a candidate seen in a new study–overlap just improves the odds of relevance. Further, since there are certain to be good cancer markers not on this list, failure to appear here in no way disqualifies a novel marker. Hence our hope is to contribute a mechanism for marginally improving chances of recognizing a valid marker, and a systematic source for enriched candidates available for validation and panel assembly efforts.

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    Byrne GJ Bundred NJ 2000 Surrogate markers of tumoral angiogenesisInt J Biol Markers153349

    Not in our library10.1177/172460080001500411

  44. 44.

    Byrne GJ Ghellal A Iddon J 2000 Serum soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1: role as a surrogate marker of angiogenesisJ Natl Cancer Inst92132936

    Not in our library10.1093/jnci/92.16.1329

  45. 45.

    Caine GJ Blann AD Stonelake PS 2003 Plasma angiopoietin-1, angiopoietin-2 and Tie-2 in breast and prostate cancer: a comparison with VEGF and Flt-1Eur J Clin Invest3388390

    Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01243.x

  46. 46.

    Cataltepe S Schick C Luke CJ 2000 Development of specific monoclonal antibodies and a sensitive discriminatory immunoassay for the circulating tumor markers SCCA1 and SCCA2Clin Chim Acta29510727

    Not in our library10.1016/s0009-8981(00)00197-2

  47. 47.

    Cessna MH Zhou H Perkins SL 2001 Are myogenin and myoD1 expression specific for rhabdomyosarcoma? A study of 150 cases, with emphasis on spindle cell mimicsAm J Surg Pathol2511507

    Not in our library10.1097/00000478-200109000-00005

  48. 48.

    Chan AO Lam SK Chu KM 2001 Soluble E-cadherin is a valid prognostic marker in gastric carcinomaGut4880811

    Not in our library10.1136/gut.48.6.808

  49. 49.

    Chan DW Sell S 1999 Burtis CA Ashwood ER Tietz Textbook of Clinical ChemistryW. B. Saunders CompanyPhiladelphia72249

    Not in our library

  50. 50.

    Chang Kyou L Lee SG Park YW 2004 Angiostatin levels in the urine from patients with various cancers among some KoreanClinical Chemistry50A83

    Not in our library

  51. 51.

    Chanson P Salenave S 2004 Diagnosis and treatment of pituitary adenomasMinerva Endocrinol2924175

    Not in our library

  52. 52.

    Cheema AW Hirschtritt T Van Thiel DH 2004 Markedly elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels without hepatocellular carcinomaHepatogastroenterology5116768

    Not in our library

  53. 53.

    Cheng J Slavin RE Gallagher JA 2004 Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and receptor flk-1 in colon cancer liver metastasesJ Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg1116470

    Not in our library10.1007/s00534-003-0883-2

  54. 54.

    Chien CH Huang CC Lin YH 1997 Detection of serum transforming growth factor-alpha in patients of primary epithelial ovarian cancers by enzyme immunoassayGynecol Oncol6640510

    Not in our library10.1006/gyno.1997.4794

  55. 55.

    Chokkalingam AP Pollak M Fillmore CM 2001 Insulin-like growth factors and prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study in ChinaCancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev104217

    Not in our library

  56. 56.

    Chung NA Makin AJ Lip GY 2003 Measurement of the soluble angiopoietin receptor tie-2 in patients with coronary artery disease: development and application of an immunoassayEur J Clin Invest3352935

    Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01173.x

  57. 57.

    Ciambellotti E Coda C Lanza E 1993 [Determination++ of CA 15-3 in the control of primary and metastatic breast carcinoma]Minerva Med8410712

    Not in our library

  58. 58.

    Clarke RB Spence K Anderson E 2005 A putative human breast stem cell population is enriched for steroid receptor-positive cellsDev Biol27744356

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ydbio.2004.07.044

  59. 59.

    Cohen C 1988 Immunohistochemical basic and acidic isoferritins in hepatocellular carcinomaMod Pathol14046

    Not in our library

  60. 60.

    Cole LA Sutton JM 2004 Selecting an appropriate hCG test for managing gestational trophoblastic disease and cancerJ Reprod Med4954553

    Not in our library

  61. 61.

    Collado B Carmena MJ Sanchez-Chapado M 2005 Expression of vasoactive intestinal peptide and functional VIP receptors in human prostate cancer: Antagonistic action of a growth-hormone-releasing hormone analogInt J Oncol26162935

    Not in our library10.3892/ijo.26.6.1629

  62. 62.

    Conrads TP Zhou M Petricoin EF 3rd 2003 Cancer diagnosis using proteomic patternsExpert Rev Mol Diagn341120

    Not in our library10.1586/14737159.3.4.411

  63. 63.

    Cook GB Neaman IE Goldblatt JL 2001 Clinical utility of serum HER-2/neu testing on the Bayer Immuno 1 automated system in breast cancerAnticancer Res21146570

    Not in our library

  64. 64.

    Cummins P McGurk B Littler WA 1981 Radioimmunoassay of human cardiac tropomyosin in acute myocardial infarctionClin Sci (Lond)602519

    Not in our library10.1042/cs0600251

  65. 65.

    Dabrowska M Grubek-Jaworska H Domagala-Kulawik J 2004 [Diagnostic usefulness of selected tumor markers (CA125, CEA, CYFRA 21-1) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in patients with non-small cell lung cancer]Pol Arch Med Wewn11165965

    Not in our library

  66. 66.

    Damin DC Rosito MA Gus P 2002 Von Willebrand factor in colorectal cancerInt J Colorectal Dis17425

    Not in our library10.1007/s003840100345

  67. 67.

    Dao Q Krishnaswamy P Kazanegra R 2001 Utility of B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in an urgent-care settingJ Am Coll Cardiol3737985

    Not in our library10.1016/s0735-1097(00)01156-6

  68. 68.

    Davies MM Jonas SK Kaur S 2000 Plasma vascular endothelial but not fibroblast growth factor levels correlate with colorectal liver mestastasis vascularity and volumeBr J Cancer8210048

    Not in our library10.1054/bjoc.1999.1033

  69. 69.

    De Ceuninck F Gaufillier S Bonnaud A 2001 YKL-40 (cartilage gp-39) induces proliferative events in cultured chondrocytes and synoviocytes and increases glycosaminoglycan synthesis in chondrocytesBiochem Biophys Res Commun28592631

    Not in our library10.1006/bbrc.2001.5253

  70. 70.

    De Masi S Tosti ME Mele A 2005 Screening for hepatocellular carcinomaDig Liver Dis372608

    Not in our library10.1016/j.dld.2004.11.005

  71. 71.

    Di Biagio E Sanchez-Borges M Desenne JJ 1996 Eosinophilia in Hodgkin’s disease: a role for interleukin 5Int Arch Allergy Immunol11024451

    Not in our library10.1159/000237294

  72. 72.

    Di Raimondo F Giustolisi R Lerner S 2001 Retrospective study of the prognostic role of serum thymidine kinase level in CLL patients with active disease treated with fludarabineAnn Oncol126215

    Not in our library10.1023/a:1011138825593

  73. 73.

    Diamandis EP Okui A Mitsui S 2002 Human kallikrein 11: a new biomarker of prostate and ovarian carcinomaCancer Res62295300

    Not in our library

  74. 74.

    Diamandis EP Scorilas A Fracchioli S 2003 Human kallikrein 6 (hK6): a new potential serum biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of ovarian carcinomaJ Clin Oncol21103543

    Not in our library10.1200/jco.2003.02.022

  75. 75.

    Diamandis EP Yousef GM Petraki C 2000 Human kallikrein 6 as a biomarker of alzheimer’s diseaseClin Biochem336637

    Not in our library10.1016/s0009-9120(00)00185-5

  76. 76.

    Dickson IR Bagga M Paterson CR 1983 Variations in the serum concentration and urine excretion of alpha 2HS-glycoprotein, a bone-related protein, in normal individuals and in patients with osteogenesis imperfectaCalcif Tissue Int351620

    Not in our library10.1007/bf02405000

  77. 77.

    Dickson J Davidson SE Hunter RD 2000 Pretreatment plasma TGF beta 1 levels are prognostic for survival but not morbidity following radiation therapy of carcinoma of the cervixInt J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys489915

    Not in our library10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00729-x

  78. 78.

    Doehner W Pflaum CD Rauchhaus M 2001 Leptin, insulin sensitivity and growth hormone binding protein in chronic heart failure with and without cardiac cachexiaEur J Endocrinol14572735

    Not in our library10.1530/eje.0.1450727

  79. 79.

    Doubrovina ES Doubrovin MM Vider E 2003 Evasion from NK cell immunity by MHC class I chain-related molecules expressing colon adenocarcinomaJ Immunol17168919

    Not in our library10.4049/jimmunol.171.12.6891

  80. 80.

    Dulger H Alici S Sekeroglu MR 2004 Serum levels of leptin and proinflammatory cytokines in patients with gastrointestinal cancerInt J Clin Pract585459

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1368-5031.2004.00149.x

  81. 81.

    Dupont J Tanwar MK Thaler HT 2004 Early detection and prognosis of ovarian cancer using serum YKL-40J Clin Oncol2233309

    Not in our library10.1200/jco.2004.09.112

  82. 82.

    Eder IE Stenzl A Hobisch A 1996 Transforming growth factors-beta 1 and beta 2 in serum and urine from patients with bladder carcinomaJ Urol1569537

    Not in our library

  83. 83.

    Eggers KM Oldgren J Nordenskjold A 2004 Diagnostic value of serial measurement of cardiac markers in patients with chest pain: limited value of adding myoglobin to troponin I for exclusion of myocardial infarctionAm Heart J14857481

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ahj.2004.04.030

  84. 84.

    Ehlenz K Koch B Preuss P 1997 High levels of circulating ad-renomedullin in severe illness: correlation with C-reactive protein and evidence against the adrenal medulla as site of originExp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes10515662

    Not in our library10.1055/s-0029-1211745

  85. 85.

    ElGuba M Steinbauer M Ruhland V 2002 Elevated MIA serum levels are predictors of poor prognosis after surgical resection of metastatic malignant melanomaOncol Rep99814

    Not in our library

  86. 86.

    Engaras B Hafstrom L Kewenter J 1999 Standard serum concentrations and normal fluctuations of CEA, CA 50 and CA 242 during twelve months in men and women aged 60–64 years without malignant diseaseEur J Surg1651106

    Not in our library10.1080/110241599750007270

  87. 87.

    Etzioni R Urban N Ramsey S 2003 The case for early detectionNat Rev Cancer324352

    Not in our library10.1038/nrc1041

  88. 88.

    Fedarko NS Jain A Karadag A 2001 Elevated serum bone sialoprotein and osteopontin in colon, breast, prostate, and lung cancerClin Cancer Res740606

    Not in our library

  89. 89.

    Fischer M Bijman M Molin D 2003 Increased serum levels of interleukin-9 correlate to negative prognostic factors in Hodgkin’s lymphomaLeukemia1725136

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.leu.2403123

  90. 90.

    Fossa SD Klepp O Paus E 1992 Neuron-specific enolase–a serum tumour marker in seminoma?Br J Cancer652979

    Not in our library10.1038/bjc.1992.59

  91. 91.

    Fujimoto T Onda M Nagai H 2003 Upregulation and overexpression of human X-box binding protein 1 (hXBP-1) gene in primary breast cancersBreast Cancer103016

    Not in our library10.1007/bf02967649

  92. 92.

    Fukunaga Y Bandoh S Fujita J 2002 Expression of cytokeratin 8 in lung cancer cell lines and measurement of serum cytokeratin 8 in lung cancer patientsLung Cancer38318

    Not in our library10.1016/s0169-5002(02)00109-5

  93. 93.

    Fung LF Lo AK Yuen PW 2000 Differential gene expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cellsLife Sci6792336

    Not in our library10.1016/s0024-3205(00)00684-6

  94. 94.

    Fyfe AI Rothenberg LS DeBeer FC 1997 Association between serum amyloid A proteins and coronary artery disease: evidence from two distinct arteriosclerotic processesCirculation9629149

    Not in our library10.1161/01.cir.96.9.2914

  95. 95.

    Gann PH Hennekens CH Stampfer MJ 1995 A prospective evaluation of plasma prostate-specific antigen for detection of prostatic cancerJama27328994

    Not in our library

  96. 96.

    Gao P Zhang L 2004 Developing Human Pepsinogen-I/II SandwichELISATests for Accurate Predicting the Functional States of Gastric MucousClinical Chemistry50A74

    Not in our library

  97. 97.

    Garcia-Tunnon I Ricote M Ruiz A 2004 Interleukin-2 and its receptor complex (alpha, beta and gamma chains) in in situ and infiltrative human breast cancer: an immunohistochemical comparative studyBreast Cancer Res6R17

    Not in our library10.1186/bcr730

  98. 98.
    Markers of bone turnover for the management of patients with bone metastases from prostate cancer · 2000
    No notice
  99. 99.

    Glowinska B Urban M Koput A 2003a New atherosclerosis risk factors in obese, hypertensive and diabetic children and adolescentsAtherosclerosis16727586

    Not in our library10.1016/s0021-9150(03)00003-0

  100. 100.

    Glowinska B Urban M Koput A 2003b [Selected new atherosclerosis risk factors and markers of fibrinolysis in children and adolescents with obesity, hypertension and diabetes]Przegl Lek60127

    Not in our library

  101. 101.

    Goldenberg N Kahn SR Solymoss S 2003 Markers of coagulation and angiogenesis in cancer-associated venous thromboembolismJ Clin Oncol2141949

    Not in our library10.1200/jco.2003.05.165

  102. 102.

    Gomm SA Keevil BG Thatcher N 1988 The value of tumour markers in lung cancerBr J Cancer58797804

    Not in our library10.1038/bjc.1988.312

  103. 103.

    Grefte JM Salet-van de Pol MR Gemmink JH 2004 Quantitation of Ki-67 expression in the differential diagnosis of reserve cell hyperplasia vs. small cell lung carcinomaActa Cytol4860812

    Not in our library10.1159/000326430

  104. 104.

    Griffiths TR Brotherick I Bishop RI 1996 Cell adhesion molecules in bladder cancer: soluble serum E-cadherin correlates with predictors of recurrenceBr J Cancer7457984

    Not in our library10.1038/bjc.1996.404

  105. 105.

    Grunewald K Haun M Urbanek M 2000 Mammaglobin gene expression: a superior marker of breast cancer cells in peripheral blood in comparison to epidermal-growth-factor receptor and cytokeratin-19Lab Invest8010717

    Not in our library10.1038/labinvest.3780112

  106. 106.

    Grygorczuk S Pancewicz S Kondrusik M 2003 [Serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentration of inflammatory proteins MIP-1-alpha and MIP-1-beta and of interleukin 8 in the course of borreliosis]Neurol Neurochir Pol377387

    Not in our library

  107. 107.

    Guo YJ Liu G Wang X 1994 Potential use of soluble CD44 in serum as indicator of tumor burden and metastasis in patients with gastric or colon cancerCancer Res544226

    Not in our library

  108. 108.

    Guzinska-Ustymowicz K Zalewski B Kasacka I 2004 Activity of cathepsin B and D in colorectal cancer: relationships with tumour buddingAnticancer Res24284751

    Not in our library

  109. 109.

    Haese A Vaisanen V Lilja H 2005 Comparison of predictive accuracy for pathologically organ confined clinical stage T1c prostate cancer using human glandular kallikrein 2 and prostate specific antigen combined with clinical stage and Gleason gradeJ Urol1737526

    Not in our library10.1097/01.ju.0000152618.38747.dd

  110. 110.

    Hallek M Wanders L Ostwald M 1996 Serum beta(2)-microglobulin and serum thymidine kinase are independent predictors of progression-free survival in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and immunocytomaLeuk Lymphoma2243947

    Not in our library10.3109/10428199609054782

  111. 111.

    Han C Zhang HT Du L 2005 Serum Levels of Leptin, Insulin, and Lipids in Relation to Breast Cancer in ChinaEndocrine261924

    Not in our library10.1385/endo:26:1:019

  112. 112.

    Hasholzner U Baumgartner L Stieber P 1994 Significance of the tumour markers CA 125 II, CA 72-4, CASA and CYFRA 21-1 in ovarian carcinomaAnticancer Res1427436

    Not in our library

  113. 113.

    Hassan R Bera T Pastan I 2004 Mesothelin: a new target for immunotherapyClin Cancer Res10393742

    Not in our library10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0801

  114. 114.

    Hayden K Tetlow L Byrne G 2000 Radioimmunoassay for the measurement of thrombospondin in plasma and breast cyst fluid: validation and clinical applicationAnn Clin Biochem37 Pt 331925

    Not in our library10.1258/0004563001899212

  115. 115.

    Haznedaroglu IC Benekli M Ozcebe O 2000 Serum L-selectin and P-selectin levels in lymphomasHaematologia (Budap)302730

    Not in our library10.1163/15685590051129841

  116. 116.

    Hebbar M Peyrat JP 2000 Significance of soluble endothelial molecule E-selectin in patients with breast cancerInt J Biol Markers151521

    Not in our library10.1177/172460080001500103

  117. 117.

    Hefler L Mayerhofer K Nardi A 2000 Serum soluble Fas levels in ovarian cancerObstet Gynecol96659

    Not in our library10.1016/s0029-7844(00)00840-1

  118. 118.

    Hegele A Heidenreich A Kropf J 2004 Plasma levels of cellular fibronectin in patients with localized and metastatic renal cell carcinomaTumour Biol251116

    Not in our library10.1159/000079142

  119. 119.

    Hegele A Heidenreich A Varga Z 2003 Cellular fibronectin in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladderUrol Res303636

    Not in our library10.1007/s00240-002-0280-3

  120. 120.

    Hellstrom-Lindberg E Kanter-Lewensohn L Nichol J 1999 Spontaneous and cytokine-induced thrombocytopenia in myelodysplastic syndromes: serum thrombopoietin levels and bone marrow morphologyScandinavian MDS GroupSweden and NorwayBr J Haematol10596673

    Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2141.1999.01442.x

  121. 121.

    Heptner G Domschke S Krapf F 1984 [Comparison of the tumor markers CEA and CA 19-9 in colorectal diagnosis]Dtsch Med Wochenschr109130912

    Not in our library10.1055/s-2008-1069368

  122. 122.

    Hermanova M Lukas Z Nenutil R 2004 Amplification and overexpression of HER-2/neu in invasive ductal carcinomas of the pancreas and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms and the relationship to the expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1)Neoplasma517783

    Not in our library

  123. 123.

    Herod JJ Eliopoulos AG Warwick J 1996 The prognostic significance of Bcl-2 and p53 expression in ovarian carcinomaCancer Res56217884

    Not in our library

  124. 124.

    Herrmann M Scharhag J Sand-Hill M 2004 Mechanic prostate manipulation by long distance mountainbiking does not change total, free or complex prostate specific antigenClinical Chemistry50A745

    Not in our library

  125. 125.

    Hetet G Devaux I Soufir N 2003 Molecular analyses of patients with hyperferritinemia and normal serum iron values reveal both L ferritin IRE and 3 new ferroportin (slc11A3) mutationsBlood102190410

    Not in our library10.1182/blood-2003-02-0439

  126. 126.

    Heyman M Grander D Brondum-Nielsen K 1993 Deletions of the short arm of chromosome 9, including the interferon-alpha/-beta genes, in acute lymphocytic leukemia. Studies on loss of heterozygosity, parental origin of deleted genes and prognosisInt J Cancer5474853

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.2910540507

  127. 127.

    Hibbs K Skubitz KM Pambuccian SE 2004 Differential gene expression in ovarian carcinoma: identification of potential biomarkersAm J Pathol165397414

    Not in our library10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63306-8

  128. 128.

    Hippo Y Watanabe K Watanabe A 2004 Identification of soluble NH2-terminal fragment of glypican-3 as a serological marker for early-stage hepatocellular carcinomaCancer Res64241823

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-2191

  129. 129.

    Hogasen K Mollnes TE Tschopp J 1993 Quantitation of vitronectin and clusterin. Pitfalls and solutions in enzyme immunoassays for adhesive proteinsJ Immunol Methods16010715

    Not in our library10.1016/0022-1759(93)90014-x

  130. 130.

    Hogdall CK Norgaard-Pedersen B Mogensen O 2002 The prognostic value of pre-operative serum tetranectin, CA-125 and a combined index in women with primary ovarian cancerAnticancer Res2217658

    Not in our library

  131. 131.

    Holm S Wahlin A Wahlqvist L 1982 Plasma proteins and anti-kidney antibodies in renal carcinomaScand J Urol Nephrol161636

    Not in our library10.3109/00365598209179747

  132. 132.

    Holzer G Kittl E Pfandelsteiner T 2003 Concentration of soluble CD44 standard and soluble CD44 variant V5 in the serum of patients with malignant bone tumorsMed Pediatr Oncol40645

    Not in our library10.1002/mpo.10058

  133. 133.

    Horie R Watanabe T Morishita Y 2002 Ligand-independent signaling by overexpressed CD30 drives NF-kappaB activation in Hodgkin-Reed-Sternberg cellsOncogene212493503

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.onc.1205337

  134. 134.

    Hourihan RN O’Sullivan GC Morgan JG 2003 Transcriptional gene expression profiles of oesophageal adenocarcinoma and normal oesophageal tissuesAnticancer Res231615

    Not in our library

  135. 135.

    Hsu HC Lee YM Tsai WH 2002 Circulating levels of thrombopoietic and inflammatory cytokines in patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromeOncology63649

    Not in our library10.1159/000065722

  136. 136.

    Hughes RD Evans LW 2003 Activin A and follistatin in acute liver failureEur J Gastroenterol Hepatol1512731

    Not in our library10.1097/00042737-200302000-00004

  137. 137.

    Hughes SJ Glover TW Zhu XX 1998 A novel amplicon at 8p22–23 results in overexpression of cathepsin B in esophageal adenocarcinomaProc Natl Acad Sci U S A95124105

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.95.21.12410

  138. 138.

    Iacobelli S Sismondi P Giai M 1994 Prognostic value of a novel circulating serum 90K antigen in breast cancerBr J Cancer691726

    Not in our library10.1038/bjc.1994.29

  139. 139.

    Iacovazzi PA Trisolini A Barletta D 2001 Serum 90K/MAC-2BP glycoprotein in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma: a comparison with alpha-fetoproteinClin Chem Lab Med399615

    Not in our library10.1515/cclm.2001.155

  140. 140.

    Iguchi H Yasuda M Matsuo T 2004 [Clinical features and management of pancreatic cancer with bone metastases]Nippon Shokakibyo Gakkai Zasshi1018728

    Not in our library

  141. 141.
    Serum midkine levels are increased in patients with various types of carcinomas · 2000
    No notice
  142. 142.

    Ishida K Yuhara K Kanimoto Y 2004 [A case of bladder tumor producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor]Hinyokika Kiyo502536

    Not in our library

  143. 143.

    Jeziorski A Blonski JZ Niewiadomska H 2000 The expression of products of oncogens c-erbB2 and EGFR and proliferating antigens Ki67 and PCNA in primary invasive ductal cancer of female breastJ Exp Clin Cancer Res19617

    Not in our library

  144. 144.

    Ji Q Liu PI Elshimali Y 2005 Frequent loss of estrogen and progesterone receptors in human prostatic tumors determined by quantitative real-time PCRMol Cell Endocrinol22910310

    Not in our library10.1016/j.mce.2004.08.012

  145. 145.

    Jiang WG Ablin R Douglas-Jones A 2003 Expression of transglutaminases in human breast cancer and their possible clinical significanceOncol Rep10203944

    Not in our library

  146. 146.

    Jiang XT Tao HQ Zou SC 2004 Detection of serum tumor markers in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with pancreatic cancerHepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int34648

    Not in our library

  147. 147.

    Johnson BE Kelley MJ 1993 Overview of genetic and molecular events in the pathogenesis of lung cancerChest1031S3S

    Not in our library10.1378/chest.103.1_supplement.1s

  148. 148.

    Jung K Lein M Stephan C 2004 Comparison of 10 serum bone turnover markers in prostate carcinoma patients with bone metastatic spread: diagnostic and prognostic implicationsInt J Cancer11178391

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.20314

  149. 149.

    Kalafatis M Egan JO van ‘t Veer C 1997 The regulation of clotting factorsCrit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr724180

    Not in our library10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v7.i3.40

  150. 150.

    Kanayama H Takahashi M Nishitani M 2000 [Analysis of serum soluble interferon alpha/beta receptor levels in patients with urological diseases]Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi916306

    Not in our library10.5980/jpnjurol1989.91.630

  151. 151.

    Kanoh Y Ohtani N Mashiko T 2001 Levels of alpha 2 macroglobulin can predict bone metastases in prostate cancerAnticancer Res215516

    Not in our library

  152. 152.

    Karande AA Sridhar L Gopinath KS 2001 Riboflavin carrier protein: a serum and tissue marker for breast carcinomaInt J Cancer9527781

    Not in our library10.1002/1097-0215(20010920)95:5<277::aid-ijc1047>3.0.co;2-y

  153. 153.

    Karanikas G Moameni A Poetzi C 2004 Frequency and relevance of elevated calcitonin levels in patients with neoplastic and nonneoplastic thyroid disease and in healthy subjectsJ Clin Endocrinol Metab895159

    Not in our library10.1210/jc.2003-030709

  154. 154.

    Karayiannakis AJ Syrigos KN Polychronidis A 2001 Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nutritional status in pancreatic cancer patientsAnticancer Res2113558

    Not in our library

  155. 155.

    Karczewska A Nawrocki S Breborowicz D 2000 Expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor, and glycoprotein 130 correlates with good prognoses for patients with breast carcinomaCancer88206171

    Not in our library

  156. 156.

    Katona E Haramura G Karpati L 2000 A simple, quick one-step ELISA assay for the determination of complex plasma factor XIII (A2B2)Thromb Haemost8326873

    Not in our library

  157. 157.

    Kaysen GA Kumar V 2003 Inflammation in ESRD: causes and potential consequencesJ Ren Nutr1315860

    Not in our library10.1053/jren.2003.50021

  158. 158.

    Kelley MR Cheng L Foster R 2001 Elevated and altered expression of the multifunctional DNA base excision repair and redox enzyme Ape1/ref-1 in prostate cancerClin Cancer Res782430

    Not in our library

  159. 159.

    Khosravi J Krishna RG Khaja N 2004 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of total inhibin: direct determination based on inhibin alpha subunit-specific monoclonal antibodiesClin Biochem373706

    Not in our library10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.01.011

  160. 160.

    Kim CH Park JY Kim JY 2002 Elevated serum ceruloplasmin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a population-based studyMetabolism5183842

    Not in our library10.1053/meta.2002.33348

  161. 161.

    Kim TH Xiong H Zhang Z 2004 beta-Catenin activates the growth factor endothelin-1 in colon cancer cellsOncogene

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.onc.1208237

  162. 162.

    Kitazawa R Kitazawa S Kajimoto K 2002 Expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) in multiple myelomaPathol Int52638

    Not in our library10.1046/j.1440-1827.2002.01314.x

  163. 163.

    Koga T Shibahara K Kabashima A 2004 Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 and tumor angiogenesis in human gastric cancerHepatogastroenterology51162630

    Not in our library

  164. 164.

    Koizumi H Morita M Mikami S 1998 Immunohistochemical analysis of TrkA neurotrophin receptor expression in human non-neuronal carcinomasPathol Int4893101

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1440-1827.1998.tb03877.x

  165. 165.

    Kolsto Otnaess AB Meberg A Sande HA 1983 Plasma lactoferrin measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Measurements on adult and infant plasmaScand J Haematol3123540

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1600-0609.1983.tb00646.x

  166. 166.

    Komorowski J Jankewicz J Stepien H 2000 Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) concentrations in peripheral blood as markers of pituitary tumoursCytobios1011519

    Not in our library

  167. 167.

    Kondera-Anasz Z Mielczarek-Palacz A Switala J 2003 [Significantly increased interleukin-1A and interleukin-1 soluble type II receptor levels in women with ovarian cancer]Ginekol Pol747616

    Not in our library

  168. 168.

    Konturek SJ Konturek PC Bielanski W 2003 Serum progastrin and its products, gastric acid secretion and serum pepsinogen I in gastric cancerDigestion6816977

    Not in our library10.1159/000075553

  169. 169.

    Koong AC Denko NC Hudson KM 2000 Candidate genes for the hypoxic tumor phenotypeCancer Res608837

    Not in our library

  170. 170.

    Korkola JE DeVries S Fridlyand J 2003 Differentiation of lobular versus ductal breast carcinomas by expression microarray analysisCancer Res63716775

    Not in our library

  171. 171.

    Kos J Krasovec M Cimerman N 2000 Cysteine proteinase inhibitors stefin A, stefin B, and cystatin C in sera from patients with colorectal cancer:relation to prognosisClin Cancer Res650511

    Not in our library

  172. 172.

    Kos J Nielsen HJ Krasovec M 1998 Prognostic values of cathepsin B and carcinoembryonic antigen in sera of patients with colorectal cancerClin Cancer Res415116

    Not in our library

  173. 173.

    Kothapalli R Nyland SB Kusmartseva I 2005 Constitutive production of proinflammatory cytokines RANTES, MIP-1beta and IL-18 characterizes LGL leukemiaInt J Oncol2652935

    Not in our library

  174. 174.

    Krassas GE Papadopoulou P Koliakos G 2003 Growth hormone, insulin growth factor-1, and igf binding protein-3 axis relationship with bone mineral density among healthy menArch Androl491919

    Not in our library10.1080/01485010390196724

  175. 175.

    Kuhajda FP Eggleston JC 1985 Pregnancy-associated plasma protein A. A clinically significant predictor of early recurrence in stage I breast carcinoma is independent of estrogen receptor statusAm J Pathol1213428

    Not in our library

  176. 176.

    Kujiraoka T Oka T Ishihara M 2000 A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human serum paraoxonase concentrationJ Lipid Res41135863

    Not in our library

  177. 177.

    Kuropkat C Plehn S Herz U 2002 Tumor marker potential of serum matrix metalloproteinases in patients with head and neck cancerAnticancer Res2222217

    Not in our library

  178. 178.

    Kushlinskii NE Britvin TA Abbasova SG 2001 Soluble Fas antigen in the serum of patients with colon cancerBull Exp Biol Med1313613

    Not in our library10.1023/a:1017908320634

  179. 179.

    Kushlinskii NE Orinovskii MB Gurevich LE 2004 Expression of biomolecular markers (Ki-67, PCNA, Bcl-2, BAX, BclX, VEGF) in breast tumorsBull Exp Biol Med1371825

    Not in our library10.1023/b:bebm.0000028135.91289.e9

  180. 180.

    Kwak JY Ma TZ Yoo MJ 2004 The comparative analysis of serum proteomes for the discovery of biomarkers for acute myeloid leukemiaExp Hematol3283642

    Not in our library10.1016/j.exphem.2004.06.006

  181. 181.

    Kyle RA 1994 Multiple myeloma:how did it begin?Mayo Clin Proc696803

    Not in our library10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61349-4

  182. 182.

    Kyrtsonis MC Vassilakopoulos TP Siakantaris MP 2004 Serum syndecan-1, basic fibroblast growth factor and osteoprotegerin in myeloma patients at diagnosis and during the course of the diseaseEur J Haematol722528

    Not in our library10.1046/j.0902-4441.2003.00205.x

  183. 183.

    LABORATORIES S 2001 Directory of Services, and Use and Interpretation of TestsSanta MonicaCA

    Not in our library

  184. 184.

    Lalloo F Evans DG 1999 The pathology of familial breast cancer: Clinical and genetic counselling implications of breast cancer pathologyBreast Cancer Res14851

    Not in our library10.1186/bcr13

  185. 185.

    Lathers DM Achille NJ Young MR 2003 Incomplete Th2 skewing of cytokines in plasma of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neckHum Immunol6411606

    Not in our library10.1016/j.humimm.2003.08.024

  186. 186.

    Latil A Chene L Cochant-Priollet B 2003 Quantification of expression of netrins, slits and their receptors in human prostate tumorsInt J Cancer10330615

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.10821

  187. 187.

    Laurell M Christensson A Abrahamsson PA 1992 Protein C inhibitor in human body fluids. Seminal plasma is rich in inhibitor antigen deriving from cells throughout the male reproductive systemJ Clin Invest891094101

    Not in our library10.1172/jci115689

  188. 188.

    Lebrecht A Grimm C Lantzsch T 2004 Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 serum levels in patients with breast cancerTumour Biol25147

    Not in our library10.1159/000077718

  189. 189.

    Lee CS 1998 Transforming growth factor alpha immunoreactivity in human gallbladder and extrahepatic biliary tract tumoursEur J Surg Oncol243842

    Not in our library10.1016/s0748-7983(98)80123-6

  190. 190.

    Lei KI Johnson PJ 2000 The prognostic significance of serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecules-1 in patients with primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomasCancer89138795

    Not in our library

  191. 191.

    Leitzel K Bryce W Tomita J 1991 Elevated plasma platelet-derived growth factor B-chain levels in cancer patientsCancer Res51414954

    Not in our library

  192. 192.

    Li C Guo B Wilson PB 2000 Plasma levels of soluble CD105 correlate with metastasis in patients with breast cancerInt J Cancer891226

    Not in our library10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(20000320)89:2<122::aid-ijc4>3.0.co;2-m

  193. 193.

    Li Y Wang Y Qi L 2001 [Determination of serum soluble interleukin-6 receptor and soluble gp130 levels in patient with pregnancy induced hypertension and its significance]Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi36189

    Not in our library

  194. 194.

    Li YP Hu CP Yang HZ 2003 [Clinical value of tumor supplied group of factor combined with CEA in diagnosing tuberculosis pleural effusion and malignant pleural effusion]Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao2860810

    Not in our library

  195. 195.

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    Not in our library10.1002/cncr.20321

  196. 196.

    Lichtinghagen R Musholt PB Stephan C 2003 mRNA expression profile of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in malignant and non-malignant prostatic tissueAnticancer Res23261724

    Not in our library

  197. 197.

    Lima N Cavaliere H Tomimori E 2002 Prognostic value of serial serum thyroglobulin determinations after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancerJ Endocrinol Invest251105

    Not in our library10.1007/bf03343973

  198. 198.

    Lis CG Grutsch JF Vashi PG 2003 Is serum albumin an independent predictor of survival in patients with breast cancer?JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr27105

    Not in our library10.1177/014860710302700110

  199. 199.

    Lockhart MS Waldner C Mongini C 1999 Evaluation of soluble CD44 in patients with breast and colorectal carcinomas and non-Hodgkin’s lymphomaOncol Rep6112933

    Not in our library10.3892/or.6.5.1129

  200. 200.

    Looker AC Loyevsky M Gordeuk VR 1999 Increased serum transferrin saturation is associated with lower serum transferrin receptor concentrationClin Chem4521919

    Not in our library

  201. 201.

    Lu KH Patterson AP Wang L 2004 Selection of potential markers for epithelial ovarian cancer with gene expression arrays and recursive descent partition analysisClin Cancer Res103291300

    Not in our library10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0409

  202. 202.

    Lucas JJ Domenico J Gelfand EW 2004 Cyclin-dependent kinase 6 inhibits proliferation of human mammary epithelial cellsMol Cancer Res210514

    Not in our library

  203. 203.

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    Not in our library

  204. 204.

    Luo LY Katsaros D Scorilas A 2003 The serum concentration of human kallikrein 10 represents a novel biomarker for ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosisCancer Res6380711

    Not in our library

  205. 205.

    Ma W Ikeda H Yoshimoto T 2002 Clinicopathologic study of 123 cases of prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas with special reference to multihormone production and clonality of the adenomasCancer9525866

    Not in our library10.1002/cncr.10676

  206. 206.

    Mackay F Tangye SG 2004 The role of the BAFF/APRIL system in B cell homeostasis and lymphoid cancersCurr Opin Pharmacol434754

    Not in our library10.1016/j.coph.2004.02.009

  207. 207.

    Mackman N 2004 Role of tissue factor in hemostasis, thrombosis, and vascular developmentArterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol24101522

    Not in our library10.1161/01.atv.0000130465.23430.74

  208. 208.

    Madersbacher S Gerth R Mann K 1998 Gonadotrophin secretion patterns in testicular cancer patients with greatly increased human chorionic gonadotrophin serum concentrationsJ Endocrinol1594518

    Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1590451

  209. 209.

    Mahmoud FA Rivera NI 2002 The role of C-reactive protein as a prognostic indicator in advanced cancerCurr Oncol Rep42505

    Not in our library10.1007/s11912-002-0023-1

  210. 210.

    Malati TM Yadagiri B 2004 Osteoclastic activity in monoclonal gammapathyClinical Chemistry50A734

    Not in our library

  211. 211.

    Malik G Ward MD Gupta SK 2005 Serum levels of an isoform of apolipoprotein A-II as a potential marker for prostate cancerClin Cancer Res11107385

    Not in our library

  212. 212.

    Marcillac I Troalen F Bidart JM 1992 Free human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit in gonadal and nongonadal neoplasmsCancer Res5239017

    Not in our library

  213. 213.

    Masaki Y Oka N Furuya H 1992 [Clinical use of serum erythropoietin determination by the recombigen EPO RIA kit]Kaku Igaku297017

    Not in our library

  214. 214.

    Masuda H Kurita Y Suzuki K 1997 Predictive value of serum immunosuppressive acidic protein for staging renal cell carcinoma: comparison with other tumour markersBr J Urol80259

    Not in our library10.1046/j.1464-410x.1997.00244.x

  215. 215.

    Matsumori A Miyazaki S Takano H 2000 Circulating hepatocyte growth factor as a marker of thrombus formation in unstable angina pectorisJpn Circ J648057

    Not in our library10.1253/jcj.64.805

  216. 216.

    Matsumoto K Iwamura M Muramoto M 2002 [Prognostic value of serum immunosuppressive acidic protein in renal cell carcinoma]Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi9354854

    Not in our library10.5980/jpnjurol1989.93.548

  217. 217.

    Mauro A Bulfone A Turco E 1991 Coexpression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) B chain and PDGF B-type receptor in human gliomasChilds Nerv Syst74326

    Not in our library10.1007/bf00263184

  218. 218.

    Mavligit GM Estrov Z 2000 CA 125: a clinically useful tumor marker in the management of colorectal carcinoma metastatic to the liver in patients with normal carcinoembryonic antigenAm J Clin Oncol232135

    Not in our library10.1097/00000421-200004000-00021

  219. 219.

    McDoniels-Silvers AL Nimri CF Stoner GD 2002 Differential gene expression in human lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomasClin Cancer Res8112738

    Not in our library

  220. 220.

    McIntosh MW Drescher C Karlan B 2004 Combining CA 125 and SMR serum markers for diagnosis and early detection of ovarian carcinomaGynecol Oncol95915

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.07.039

  221. 221.

    McKenzie ME Pothula A Gurbel PA 1999 Failure of thrombin generation markers to triage patients presenting with chest painCardiology92538

    Not in our library10.1159/000006946

  222. 222.

    Medl M Ogris E Peters-Engl C 1995 TATI (tumour-associated trypsin inhibitor) as a marker of ovarian cancerBr J Cancer7110514

    Not in our library10.1038/bjc.1995.202

  223. 223.

    Meyer PR Krugliak L Neely S 1986 Acute leukemias with both myeloid and lymphoid surface markers. Cytoplasmic alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin and alpha-1-anti-trypsin as possible indicators of early granulocytic differentiationAm J Clin Pathol864618

    Not in our library10.1093/ajcp/86.4.461

  224. 224.

    Mian C Lodde M Haitel A 2000 Comparison of two qualitative assays, the UBC rapid test and the BTA stat test, in the diagnosis of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladderUrology5622831

    Not in our library10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00664-6

  225. 225.

    Micheli A Muti P Secreto G 2004 Endogenous sex hormones and subsequent breast cancer in premenopausal womenInt J Cancer1123128

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.20403

  226. 226.

    Mikami Y Hata S Kiyokawa T 2002 Expression of CD10 in malignant mullerian mixed tumors and adenosarcomas: an immunohistochemical studyMod Pathol1592330

    Not in our library10.1097/01.mp.0000026058.33869.db

  227. 227.

    Mirowski M Klijanienko J Wang S 1994 Serological and immunohistochemical detection of a 65-kDa oncofetal protein in breast cancerEur J Cancer30A110813

    Not in our library10.1016/0959-8049(94)90467-7

  228. 228.

    Miyashita M Tajiri T Yanagi K 2003 Serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and endostatin in human metastatic liver tumorsHepatogastroenterology503089

    Not in our library

  229. 229.

    Mizutani Y Yoshida O Bonavida B 1998 Prognostic significance of soluble Fas in the serum of patients with bladder cancerJ Urol1605716

    Not in our library

  230. 230.

    Mohnike K Kluba U Blum WF 1995 [Serum concentrations of insulin-like growth factors (IGF)-I and IGF-II and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP)-2 and IGFBP-3 in 49 children with ALL, NHL or solid tumors]Klin Padiatr2072259

    Not in our library10.1055/s-2008-1046545

  231. 231.

    Montanari M Boninsegna A Faraglia B 2005 Increased expression of geminin stimulates the growth of mammary epithelial cells and is a frequent event in human tumorsJ Cell Physiol20221522

    Not in our library10.1002/jcp.20120

  232. 232.

    Montella L Caraglia M Abbruzzese A 2004 Molecular technology and the recombinant TSH have changed diagnostics of thyroid carcinoma with positive I-131 whole body scan but low serum thyroglobulinExp Mol Med3626873

    Not in our library10.1038/emm.2004.36

  233. 233.

    Mor G Visintin I Lai Y 2005 Serum protein markers for early detection of ovarian cancerProc Natl Acad Sci U S A102767782

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.0502178102

  234. 234.

    Moreaux J Legouffe E Jourdan E 2004 BAFF and APRIL protect myeloma cells from apoptosis induced by interleukin 6 deprivation and dexamethasoneBlood103314857

    Not in our library10.1182/blood-2003-06-1984

  235. 235.

    Mori N Krensky AM Ohshima K 2004 Elevated expression of CCL5/RANTES in adult T-cell leukemia cells: possible transactivation of the CCL5 gene by human T-cell leukemia virus type I taxInt J Cancer11154857

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.20266

  236. 236.

    Morioka M 1992 [Clinical significance of aldolase A in sera of patients with leukemia]Rinsho Ketsueki3311918

    Not in our library

  237. 237.

    Morita T Kikuchi T Hashimoto S 1997 Cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) in bladder cancerEur Urol3223744

    Not in our library

  238. 238.

    Munshi NC Hideshima T Carrasco D 2004 Identification of genes modulated in multiple myeloma using genetically identical twin samplesBlood1031799806

    Not in our library10.1182/blood-2003-02-0402

  239. 239.

    Neradilova M Nemec J Zamrazil V 1989 Plasma somatostatin activity in medullary cancer of the thyroidOncology4637880

    Not in our library10.1159/000226755

  240. 240.

    Ng TK Vasilareas D Mitterdorfer AJ 2005 Prostate cancer detection with digital rectal examination, prostate-specific antigen, transrectal ultrasonography and biopsy in clinical urological practiceBJU Int955458

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1464-410x.2005.05336.x

  241. 241.

    Niewczas M Paczek L Krawczyk M 2002 [Enzymatic activity of cathepsin B, cathepsin B and L, plasmin, trypsin and collagenase in hepatocellular carcinoma]Pol Arch Med Wewn10865362

    Not in our library

  242. 242.

    Nishigaki Y Ohsaki Y Toyoshima E 1999 Increased serum and urinary levels of a parathyroid hormone-related protein COOH terminus in non-small cell lung cancer patientsClin Cancer Res5147381

    Not in our library

  243. 243.

    Nishikawa H Ozaki Y Nakanishi T 2004 The role of cathepsin B and cystatin C in the mechanisms of invasion by ovarian cancerGynecol Oncol928816

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ygyno.2003.11.017

  244. 244.

    Noji Y Kajinami K Kawashiri MA 2001 Circulating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in premature coronary atherosclerosisClin Chem Lab Med393804

    Not in our library10.1515/cclm.2001.060

  245. 245.

    Noji Y Shimizu M Ino H 2004 Increased circulating matrix metalloproteinase-2 in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with systolic dysfunctionCirc J6835560

    Not in our library10.1253/circj.68.355

  246. 246.

    Nomiyama H Hieshima K Nakayama T 2001 Human CC chemokine liver-expressed chemokine/CCL16 is a functional ligand for CCR1, CCR2 and CCR5, and constitutively expressed by hepatocytesInt Immunol1310219

    Not in our library10.1093/intimm/13.8.1021

  247. 247.

    O’Byrne KJ Schally AV Thomas A 2001 Somatostatin, its receptors and analogs, in lung cancerChemotherapy47Suppl 278108

    Not in our library10.1159/000049163

  248. 248.

    Oduwole OO Li Y Isomaa VV 2004 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 is an independent prognostic marker in breast cancerCancer Res6476049

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0446

  249. 249.

    Oh JC Wu W Tortolero-Luna G 2004 Increased plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor 2 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 are associated with endometrial cancer riskCancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev1374852

    Not in our library

  250. 250.

    Oka R Sasagawa T Ninomiya I 2001 Reduction in the local expression of complement component 6 (C6) and 7 (C7) mRNAs in oesophageal carcinomaEur J Cancer37115865

    Not in our library10.1016/s0959-8049(01)00089-2

  251. 251.

    Oka Y Orth DN 1983 Human plasma epidermal growth factor/ beta-urogastrone is associated with blood plateletsJ Clin Invest7224959

    Not in our library10.1172/jci110964

  252. 252.

    Okabe-Kado J 2002 Serum nm23-H1 protein as a prognostic factor in hematological malignanciesLeuk Lymphoma4385967

    Not in our library10.1080/10428190290017006

  253. 253.

    Onat A Hergenc G Sansoy V 2003 Apolipoprotein C-III, a strong discriminant of coronary risk in men and a determinant of the metabolic syndrome in both gendersAtherosclerosis168819

    Not in our library10.1016/s0021-9150(03)00025-x

  254. 254.

    Panyutich AV Panyutich EA Krapivin VA 1993 Plasma defensin concentrations are elevated in patients with septicemia or bacterial meningitisJ Lab Clin Med1222027

    Not in our library

  255. 255.

    Parr C Watkins G Mansel RE 2004 The hepatocyte growth factor regulatory factors in human breast cancerClin Cancer Res1020211

    Not in our library10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-0553-3

  256. 256.

    Pavlov N Badet J 2001 [Angiogenin: involvement in angiogenesis and tumour growth]Bull Cancer8872532

    Not in our library

  257. 257.

    Perkins GL Slater ED Sanders GK 2003 Serum tumor markersAm Fam Physician68107582

    Not in our library

  258. 258.

    Petersen CM Jensen PH Bukh A 1990 Pregnancy zone protein: a re-evaluation of serum levels in healthy women and in women suffering from breast cancer or trophoblastic diseaseScand J Clin Lab Invest5047985

    Not in our library10.1080/00365519009089162

  259. 259.

    Poon RT Chung KK Cheung ST 2004 Clinical significance of thrombospondin 1 expression in hepatocellular carcinomaClin Cancer Res1041507

    Not in our library10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0435

  260. 260.

    Pritzker KP 2002 Cancer biomarkers: easier said than doneClin Chem48114750

    Not in our library

  261. 261.

    Pujol JL Quantin X Jacot W 2003 Neuroendocrine and cytokeratin serum markers as prognostic determinants of small cell lung cancerLung Cancer391318

    Not in our library10.1016/s0169-5002(02)00513-5

  262. 262.

    Qin QP Christiansen M Oxvig C 1997 Double-monoclonal immunofluorometric assays for pregnancy-associated plasma protein A/proeosinophil major basic protein (PAPP-A/proMBP) complex in first-trimester maternal serum screening for Down syndromeClin Chem43232332

    Not in our library

  263. 263.

    Quek P Chin CM Lim PH 2002 The role of BTA stat in clinical practiceAnn Acad Med Singapore312126

    Not in our library

  264. 264.

    Ramazan Sekeroglu M Aydin S Dulger H 2002 Diagnostic value of cytokeratin-18 as a tumor marker in bladder cancerClin Biochem3532731

    Not in our library10.1016/s0009-9120(02)00321-1

  265. 265.

    Rao PN Levine E Myers MO 1999 Elevation of serum riboflavin carrier protein in breast cancerCancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev898590

    Not in our library

  266. 266.

    Reeves JR Xuan JW Arfanis K 2005 Identification, purification and characterization of a novel human blood protein with binding affinity for prostate secretory protein of 94 amino acidsBiochem J38510514

    Not in our library10.1042/bj20040290

  267. 267.

    Reinsberg J Dembinski J Dorn C 2000 Determination of total interleukin-8 in whole blood after cell lysisClin Chem46138794

    Not in our library

  268. 268.

    Retzlaff S Padro T Koch P 2002 Interleukin 8 and Flt3 ligand as markers of advanced disease in primary gastrointestinal non-Hodgkin’s lymphomaOncol Rep95257

    Not in our library

  269. 269.

    Reynolds MA Kirchick HJ Dahlen JR 2003 Early biomarkers of strokeClin Chem4917339

    Not in our library10.1373/49.10.1733

  270. 270.

    Ricote M Garcia-Tunon I Bethencourt FR 2004 Interleukin-1 (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta) and its receptors (IL-1RI, IL-1RII, and IL-1Ra) in prostate carcinomaCancer100138896

    Not in our library10.1002/cncr.20142

  271. 271.

    Riedel F Gotte K Schwalb J 2000 Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinomaAnticancer Res2030459

    Not in our library

  272. 272.

    Riesen WF Sturzenegger E 1986 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for apolipoprotein C-IJ Clin Chem Clin Biochem247237

    Not in our library10.1515/cclm.1986.24.10.723

  273. 273.

    Riisbro R Christensen IJ Piironen T 2002 Prognostic significance of soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor in serum and cytosol of tumor tissue from patients with primary breast cancerClin Cancer Res8113241

    Not in our library

  274. 274.

    Rizzatti EG Garcia AB Portieres FL 2002 Expression of CD117 and CD11b in bone marrow can differentiate acute promyelocytic leukemia from recovering benign myeloid proliferationAm J Clin Pathol118317

    Not in our library10.1309/6u82-2wng-4kx3-hbma

  275. 275.

    Robak E Sysa-Jedrzejewska A Robak T 2003 Vascular endothelial growth factor and its soluble receptors VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosusMediators Inflamm122938

    Not in our library10.1080/09629350310001619726

  276. 276.

    Rohsig LM Damin DC Stefani SD 2001 von Willebrand factor antigen levels in plasma of patients with malignant breast diseaseBraz J Med Biol Res3411259

    Not in our library10.1590/s0100-879x2001000900004

  277. 277.

    Roselli M Mineo TC Basili S 2004 Soluble CD40 ligand plasma levels in lung cancerClin Cancer Res106104

    Not in our library10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-0348-03

  278. 278.

    Rosen EM Fan S Pestell RG 2003 BRCA1 gene in breast cancerJ Cell Physiol1961941

    Not in our library10.1002/jcp.10257

  279. 279.

    Rudland PS Leinster SJ Winstanley J 1993 Immunocytochemical identification of cell types in benign and malignant breast diseases: variations in cell markers accompany the malignant stateJ Histochem Cytochem4154353

    Not in our library10.1177/41.4.8450194

  280. 280.

    Ruiz-Arguelles GJ San Miguel JF 1994 Cell surface markers in multiple myelomaMayo Clin Proc6968490

    Not in our library10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61350-0

  281. 281.

    Ryschich E Huszty G Knaebel HP 2004 Transferrin receptor is a marker of malignant phenotype in human pancreatic cancer and in neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreasEur J Cancer40141822

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejca.2004.01.036

  282. 282.

    Sacco R Leuci D Tortorella C 2000 Transforming growth factor beta1 and soluble Fas serum levels in hepatocellular carcinomaCytokine128114

    Not in our library10.1006/cyto.1999.0650

  283. 283.

    Sakai T Inoue A Koh CS 1999 Serum levels of apoptosis-related molecules in patients with multiple sclerosis and human T-lymphotropic virus Type I-associated myelopathyJ Interferon Cytokine Res199991004

    Not in our library10.1089/107999099313208

  284. 284.

    Sakata H Murakami S Hirayama R 2002 Serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) and immunohistochemical staining of IL-2R/Tac antigen in colorectal cancerInt J Clin Oncol73127

    Not in our library10.1007/s101470200046

  285. 285.

    Sakuma T Kijima H Nishi M 2004 An anti-K-ras ribozyme suppresses oncogene expression and cell growth of human pancreatic cancerTokai J Exp Clin Med293542

    Not in our library

  286. 286.

    Salmaggi A Eoli M Frigerio S 2003 Intracavitary VEGF, bFGF, IL-8, IL-12 levels in primary and recurrent malignant gliomaJ Neurooncol62297303

    Not in our library10.1023/a:1023367223575

  287. 287.

    Sampietro T Bigazzi F Dal Pino B 2004 Up regulation of C3, C4, and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 co-expresses with high sensitivity C reactive protein in familial hypoalphalipoproteinaemia: further evidence of inflammatory activationHeart90143842

    Not in our library10.1136/hrt.2003.017327

  288. 288.

    Sangiorgi G D’Averio R Mauriello A 2001 Plasma levels of metalloproteinases-3 and -9 as markers of successful abdominal aortic aneurysm exclusion after endovascular graft treatmentCirculation104I28895

    Not in our library10.1161/hc37t1.094596

  289. 289.

    Sanz L Vizoso F Verez P 2002 Prognostic significance of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) content in gastric cancer and surrounding mucosaInt J Biol Markers1716976

    Not in our library10.1177/172460080201700305

  290. 290.

    Sasaki H Kiriyama M Fukai I 2002 Elevated serum pro-mMP2 levels in patients with advanced lung cancer are not suitable as a prognostic markerSurg Today32935

    Not in our library10.1007/s595-002-8124-3

  291. 291.

    Schenk S Muser J Vollmer G 1995 Tenascin-C in serum: a questionable tumor markerInt J Cancer614439

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.2910610402

  292. 292.

    Schienk S Lienard D Gerain J 1995 Rapid increase in plasma tenascin-C concentration after isolated limb perfusion with high-dose tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interferon gamma (IFN gamma) and melphalan for regionally advanced tumorsInt J Cancer6366572

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.2910630511

  293. 293.

    Schlaifer D March M Krajewski S 1995 High expression of the bcl-x gene in Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin’s diseaseBlood8526714

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  294. 294.

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