No retraction, correction or concern found when last checked on Oct 19, 2026.

Contemporary issues on the epidemiology and antiretroviral adherence of HIV‐infected adolescents in sub‐Saharan Africa: a narrative review

Olurotimi A Adejumo, Kathleen M Malee, Patrick Ryscavage and 2 more

Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2015 · Review · CC BY

doi:10.7448/ias.18.1.20049

Abstract

Introduction. Adolescents are a unique and sometimes neglected group in the planning of healthcare services. This is the case in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, where more than eight out of ten of the world's HIV-infected adolescents live. Although the last decade has seen a reduction in AIDS-related mortality worldwide, largely due to improved access to effective antiretroviral therapy (ART), AIDS remains a significant contributor to adolescent mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Although inadequate access to ART in parts of the subcontinent may be implicated, research among youth with HIV elsewhere in the world suggests that suboptimal adherence to ART may play a significant role. In this article, we summarize the epidemiology of HIV among sub-Saharan African adolescents and review their adherence to ART, emphasizing the unique challenges and factors associated with adherence behaviour.

Methods. We conducted a comprehensive search of online databases for articles, relevant abstracts, and conference reports from meetings held between 2010 and 2014. Our search terms included “adherence,” “compliance,” “antiretroviral use” and “antiretroviral adherence,” in combination with “adolescents,” “youth,” “HIV,” “Africa,” “interventions” and the MeSH term “Africa South of the Sahara.” Of 19,537 articles and abstracts identified, 215 met inclusion criteria, and 148 were reviewed.

Discussion. Adolescents comprise a substantial portion of the population in many sub-Saharan African countries. They are at particular risk of HIV and may experience worse outcomes. Although demonstrated to have unique challenges, there is a dearth of comprehensive health services for adolescents, especially for those with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. ART adherence is poorer among older adolescents than other age groups, and psychosocial, socio-economic, individual, and treatment-related factors influence adherence behaviour among adolescents in this region. With the exception of a few examples based on affective, cognitive, and behavioural strategies, most adherence interventions have been targeted at adults with HIV.

Conclusions. Although higher levels of ART adherence have been reported in sub-Saharan Africa than in other well-resourced settings, adolescents in the region may have poorer adherence patterns. There is substantial need for interventions to improve adherence in this unique population.

References 246

1.
The gap report. 2014.
Not in our library
2.
Adolescent health. 2013.
Not in our library
3.
The state of the world's children 2011: adolescence – an age of opportunity. 2011.
Not in our library
4.
Marcell AV, Kliegman RM, Behrman RE, Jenson HB, Stanton BMD, Zitelli BJ, Davies HW. Adolescence. Nelson textbook of pediatrics. 2007;Chapter 12.
Not in our library
5.
Gardner M, Steinberg L. Peer influence on risk taking, risk preference, and risky decision making in adolescence and adulthood: an experimental study. Dev Psychol. 2005;41:625-35.
Not in our library10.1037/0012-1649.41.4.625
6.
Chein J, Albert D, O'Brien L, Uckert K, Steinberg L. Peers increase adolescent risk taking by enhancing activity in the brain's reward circuitry. Dev Sci. 2011;14:F1-10.
Not in our library10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01035.x
7.
Adolescents and youth: towards realizing the full potential of adolescents and youth [Internet]. 2014.
Not in our library
8.
Blum RW, Nelson-Mmari K. The health of young people in a global context. J Adolesc Health. 2004;35:402-18.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jadohealth.2003.10.007
9.
Romer D. Adolescent risk taking, impulsivity, and brain development: implications for prevention. Dev Psychobiol. 2010;52:263-76.
Not in our library10.1002/dev.20442
10.
Adolescent mental health: mapping actions of nongovernmental organizations and other international development organizations [Internet]. 2012.
Not in our library
11.
Adolescent friendly health services: an agenda for change [Internet]. 2003.
Not in our library
12.
Idele P, Gillespie A, Porth T, Suzuki C, Mahy M, Kasedde S, et al. Epidemiology of HIV and AIDS among adolescents: current status, inequities, and data gaps. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;66:S144-53.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0000000000000176
13.
Parienti J-J. The case of adherence in the youth: rebel without a cause? AIDS. 2014;28:1983-5.
Not in our library10.1097/qad.0000000000000317
14.
Sawyer S, Drew S, Duncan R. Adolescents with chronic disease – the double whammy. Aust Fam Physician. 2007;36:622-7.
Not in our library
15.
Bregnballe V, Schiøtz PO, Lomborg K. Parenting adolescents with cystic fibrosis: the adolescents’ and young adults’ perspectives. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2011;5:563-70.
Not in our library10.2147/ppa.s25870
16.
The adolescent with a chronic condition. 2007.
Not in our library
17.
Patel V, Flisher AJ, Hetrick S, McGorry P. Mental health of young people: a global public-health challenge. Lancet. 2007;369:1302-13.
Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(07)60368-7
18.
AIDS by the numbers [Internet]. 2013.
Not in our library
19.
Towards an AIDS-free generation – children and AIDS: sixth stocktaking report, 2013. 2013.
Not in our library
20.
All in towards ending the AIDS epidemic among adolescents [Internet]. 2014.
Not in our library
21.
Opportunity in crisis: preventing HIV from early adolescence to young adulthood. 2010.
Not in our library
22.
Regional overview: youth in Africa [Internet]. 2012.
Not in our library
23.
Progress for children: a report card on adolescents (No. 10). 2012.
Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(12)60531-5
24.
Zou J, Yamanaka Y, John M, Watt M, Ostermann J, Thielman N. Religion and HIV in Tanzania: influence of religious beliefs on HIV stigma, disclosure, and treatment attitudes. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:75.
Not in our library10.1186/1471-2458-9-75
25.
Balogun AS. Islamic perspectives on HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral treatment: the case of Nigeria. Afr J AIDS Res. 2010;9:459-66.
Not in our library10.2989/16085906.2010.546764
26.
Amuri M, Mitchell S, Cockcroft A, Andersson N. Socio-economic status and HIV/AIDS stigma in Tanzania. AIDS Care. 2011;23:378-82.
Not in our library10.1080/09540121.2010.507739
27.
O'Brien S, Broom A. Gender, culture and changing attitudes: experiences of HIV in Zimbabwe. Cult Health Sex. 2013;15:583-97.
Not in our library10.1080/13691058.2013.776111
28.
"Just like fever": a qualitative study on the impact of antiretroviral provision on the normalisation of HIV in rural Tanzania and its implications for prevention · 2009
Not checked
29.
The Stigma of Being HIV-Positive in Africa · 2005
No notice
30.
Barriers to accessing highly active antiretroviral therapy by HIV‐positive women attending an antenatal clinic in a regional hospital in western Uganda · 2010
No notice
31.
Addressing the fear and consequences of stigmatization - a necessary step towards making HAART accessible to women in Tanzania: a qualitative study · 2011
Not checked
32.
Akullian A, Kohler P, Kinuthia J, Laserson K, Mills LA, Okanda J, et al. Geographic distribution of HIV stigma among women of childbearing age in rural Kenya. AIDS Lond Engl. 2014;28:1665-72.
Not in our library10.1097/qad.0000000000000318
33.
A systematic review of interventions to reduce HIV‐related stigma and discrimination from 2002 to 2013: how far have we come? · 2013
No notice
34.
Kandwal R, Bahl T. Link to slower access to care: what is the stigma?: an Indian perspective. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2011;8:235-40.
Not in our library10.1007/s11904-011-0096-2
35.
Williams MV, Palar K, Derose KP. Congregation-based programs to address HIV/AIDS: elements of successful implementation. J Urban Health Bull N Y Acad Med. 2011;88:517-32.
Not in our library10.1007/s11524-010-9526-5
36.
Wolf HT, Halpern-Felsher BL, Bukusi EA, Agot KE, Cohen CR, Auerswald CL. “It is all about the fear of being discriminated [against] … the person suffering from HIV will not be accepted”: a qualitative study exploring the reasons for loss to follow-up among HIV-positive youth in Kisumu, Kenya. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1154.
Not in our library10.1186/1471-2458-14-1154
37.
Madiba S, Mokgatle M. “Students want HIV testing in schools” a formative evaluation of the acceptability of HIV testing and counselling at schools in Gauteng and North West provinces in South Africa. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:388.
Not in our library10.1186/s12889-015-1746-x
38.
Denison JA, Banda H, Dennis AC, Packer C, Nyambe N, Stalter RM, et al. “The sky is the limit”: adhering to antiretroviral therapy and HIV self-management from the perspectives of adolescents living with HIV and their adult caregivers. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18.
Not in our library10.7448/ias.18.1.19358
39.
Birungi H, Obare F, van der Kwaak A, Namwebya JH. Maternal health care utilization among HIV-positive female adolescents in Kenya. Int Perspect Sex Reprod Health. 2011;37:143-9.
Not in our library10.1363/3714311
40.
HIV among youth [Internet]. 2014.
Not in our library
41.
Preventing HIV infection among adolescents and young people [Internet]. 2012.
Not in our library
42.
Muula AS. HIV infection and AIDS among young women in South Africa. Croat Med J. 2008;49:423-35.
Not in our library10.3325/cmj.2008.3.423
43.
Eatern & Southern Africa HIV & AIDS – preventing HIV infection among adolescents and young people. 2009.
Not in our library
44.
Bankole A, Singh S, Woog V, Wulf D. Risk and protection: youth and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa [Internet]. 2004.
Not in our library
45.
Gender distribution of adult patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Southern Africa: a systematic review · 2007
No notice
46.
Access to antiretroviral therapy in Africa: status report on progress towards the 2015 targets [Internet]. 2014.
Not in our library
47.
Global AIDS response progress reporting. 2014.
Not in our library
48.
Towards universal access. Scaling up priority HIV/AIDS interventions in the health sector. 2007.
Not in our library
49.
Global report 2013 – UNAIDS global report 2013 [Internet]. 2013.
Not in our library
50.
Hazra R, Siberry GK, Mofenson LM. Growing up with HIV: children, adolescents, and young adults with perinatally acquired HIV infection. Annu Rev Med. 2010;61:169-85.
Not in our library10.1146/annurev.med.050108.151127
51.
Anaky M-F, Duvignac J, Wemin L, Kouakoussui A, Karcher S, Toure S, et al. Scaling up antiretroviral therapy for HIV-infected children in Cote d'Ivoire: determinants of survival and loss to programme. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88:490-9.
Not in our library10.2471/blt.09.068015
52.
Davies M-A, Keiser O, Technau K, Eley B, Rabie H, van Cutsem G, et al. Outcomes of the South African National Antiretroviral Treatment Programme for children: the IeDEA Southern Africa collaboration. South Afr Med J. 2009;99:730-7.
Not in our library
53.
Van Dijk JH, Sutcliffe CG, Munsanje B, Sinywimaanzi P, Hamangaba F, Thuma PE, et al. HIV-infected children in rural Zambia achieve good immunologic and virologic outcomes two years after initiating antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One. 2011;6:e19006.
Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0019006
54.
Buchacz K, Rogol AD, Lindsey JC, Wilson CM, Hughes MD, Seage GR, et al. Delayed onset of pubertal development in children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2003;33:56-65.
Not in our library10.1097/00126334-200305010-00009
55.
Wood SM, Shah SS, Steenhoff AP, Rutstein RM. The impact of AIDS diagnoses on long-term neurocognitive and psychiatric outcomes of surviving adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV. AIDS Lond Engl. 2009;23:1859-65.
Not in our library10.1097/qad.0b013e32832d924f
56.
Andiman WA, Chernoff MC, Mitchell C, Purswani M, Oleske J, Williams PL, et al. Incidence of persistent renal dysfunction in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children: associations with the use of antiretrovirals, and other nephrotoxic medications and risk factors. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28:619-25.
Not in our library10.1097/inf.0b013e31819ca49a
57.
Patel K, Mittleman M, Colan S, Oleske J, Patel K, Van Dyke R, et al. Predictors of cardiac dysfunction among children and adolescents perinatally-infected with HIV-1. 2010.
Not in our library
58.
Fakoya A, Lamba H, Mackie N, et al. British HIV Association, BASHH and FSRH guidelines for the management of the sexual and reproductive health of people living with HIV infection 2008. HIV Med. 2008;9:681-720.
Not in our library10.1111/j.1468-1293.2008.00634.x
59.
Cowan F, Pettifor A. HIV in adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2009;4:288-93.
Not in our library10.1097/coh.0b013e32832c7d10
60.
Kasedde S, Luo C, McClure C, Chandan U. Reducing HIV and AIDS in adolescents: opportunities and challenges. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2013;10:159-68.
Not in our library10.1007/s11904-013-0159-7
61.
Strode A, Grant K. Children and HIV: using an evidence-based approach to identifying legal strategies that protect and promote the right of children infected and affected by HIV and AIDS. Working paper prepared for the third meeting of the technical advisory group of the global commission on HIV and the law. 2011.
Not in our library
62.
HIV and adolescents: HIV testing and counselling, treatment and care for adolescents living with HIV: summary of key features and recommendations [Internet]. 2013.
Not in our library
63.
Adolescent health epidemiology. 2014.
Not in our library
64.
WHO calls for stronger focus on adolescent health. 2014.
Not in our library
65.
Nichols SL, Bethel J, Garvie PA, Patton DE, Thornton S, Kapogiannis BG, et al. Neurocognitive functioning in antiretroviral therapy-naïve youth with behaviorally acquired human immunodeficiency virus. J Adolesc Health Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med. 2013;53:763-71.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.07.006
66.
Smith R, Chernoff M, Williams PL, et al. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus severity on cognitive and adaptive functioning during childhood and adolescence. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012;31:592-8.
Not in our library10.1097/inf.0b013e318253844b
67.
Smith R, Wilkins M. Perinatally acquired HIV infection: long-term neuropsychological consequences and challenges ahead. Child Neuropsychol. 2015;21:234-68.
Not in our library10.1080/09297049.2014.898744
68.
Understanding the mental health of youth living with perinatal HIV infection: lessons learned and current challenges · 2013
No notice
69.
Holguin A, Banda M, Willen EJ, Malama C, Chiyenu KO, Mudenda VC, et al. HIV-1 effects on neuropsychological performance in a resource-limited country, Zambia. AIDS Behav. 2011;15:1895-901.
Not in our library10.1007/s10461-011-9988-9
70.
Joska JA, Westgarth-Taylor J, Hoare J, Thomas KGF, Paul R, Myer L, et al. Neuropsychological outcomes in adults commencing highly active anti-retroviral treatment in South Africa: a prospective study. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:39.
Not in our library10.1186/1471-2334-12-39
71.
Depression symptoms and cognitive function among individuals with advanced HIV infection initiating HAART in Uganda · 2010
No notice
72.
Patel VN, Mungwira RG, Tarumbiswa TF, Heikinheimo T, van Oosterhout JJ. High prevalence of suspected HIV-associated dementia in adult Malawian HIV patients. Int J STD AIDS. 2010;21:356-8.
Not in our library10.1258/ijsa.2010.009554
73.
Salawu FK, Bwala SA, Wakil MA, Bani B, Bukbuk DN, Kida I. Cognitive function in HIV-seropositive Nigerians without AIDS. J Neurol Sci. 2008;267:142-6.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jns.2007.10.013
74.
Njamnshi AK, Djientcheu Vde P, Fonsah JY, Yepnjio FN, Njamnshi DM, Muna WE. The International HIV Dementia Scale is a useful screening tool for HIV-associated dementia/cognitive impairment in HIV-infected adults in Yaoundé-Cameroon. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;49:393-7.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0b013e318183a9df
75.
Boivin MJ, Green SD, Davies AG, Giordani B, Mokili JK, Cutting WA. A preliminary evaluation of the cognitive and motor effects of pediatric HIV infection in Zairian children. Health Psychol. 1995;14:13-21.
Not in our library10.1037//0278-6133.14.1.13
76.
Abubakar A, Van Baar A, Van de Vijver FJ, Holding P, Newton CR. Paediatric HIV and neurodevelopment in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review. Trop Med Int Health. 2008;13:880-7.
Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-3156.2008.02079.x
77.
Bagenda D, Nassali A, Kalyesubula I, Sherman B, Drotar D, Boivin MJ, et al. Health, neurologic, and cognitive status of HIV-infected, long-surviving, and antiretroviral-naive Ugandan children. Pediatrics. 2006;117:729-40.
Not in our library10.1542/peds.2004-2699
78.
Msellati P, Lepage P, Hitimana DG, Van Goethem C, Van de Perre P, Dabis F. Neurodevelopmental testing of children born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 seropositive and seronegative mothers: a prospective cohort study in Kigali, Rwanda. Pediatrics. 1993;92:843-8.
Not in our library
79.
Adherence to long-term therapies – evidence for action [Internet]. 2003.
Not in our library
80.
Ajose O, Mookerjee S, Mills EJ, Boulle A, Ford N. Treatment outcomes of patients on second-line antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS. 2012;26:929-38.
Not in our library10.1097/qad.0b013e328351f5b2
81.
Chesney MA. The elusive gold standard. Future perspectives for HIV adherence assessment and intervention. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;43(Suppl 1):S149-55.
Not in our library10.1097/01.qai.0000243112.91293.26
82.
Parienti J-J, Ragland K, Lucht F, de la Blanchardière A, Dargère S, Yazdanpanah Y, et al. Average adherence to boosted protease inhibitor therapy, rather than the pattern of missed doses, as a predictor of HIV RNA replication. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;50:1192-7.
Not in our library10.1086/651419
83.
Paterson DL, Swindells S, Mohr J, Brester M, Vergis EN, Squier C, et al. Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection. Ann Intern Med. 2000;133:21-30.
Not in our library10.7326/0003-4819-133-1-200007040-00004
84.
Nachega JB, Hislop M, Nguyen H, Dowdy DW, Chaisson RE, Regensberg L, et al. Antiretroviral therapy adherence, virologic and immunologic outcomes in adolescents compared with adults in Southern Africa. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009;51:65-71.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0b013e318199072e
85.
Murphy DA, Wilson CM, Durako SJ, Muenz LR, Belzer M, Adolescent Medicine HIV/AIDS Research Network. Antiretroviral medication adherence among the REACH HIV-infected adolescent cohort in the USA. AIDS Care. 2001;13:27-40.
Not in our library10.1080/09540120020018161
86.
Belzer ME, Fuchs DN, Luftman GS, Tucker DJ. Antiretroviral adherence issues among HIV-positive adolescents and young adults. J Adolesc Health. 1999;25:316-9.
Not in our library10.1016/s1054-139x(99)00052-x
87.
Farmer KC. Methods for measuring and monitoring medication regimen adherence in clinical trials and clinical practice. Clin Ther. 1999;21:1074-90.
Not in our library10.1016/s0149-2918(99)80026-5
88.
Fairman K, Motherall B. Evaluating medication adherence: which measure is right for your program? J Manag Care Pharm. 2000;6:499-504.
Not in our library
89.
Wiens MO, MacLeod S, Musiime V, Ssenyonga M, Kizza R, Bakeera-Kitaka S, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive adolescents in Uganda assessed by multiple methods: a prospective cohort study. Paediatr Drugs. 2012;14:331-5.
Not in our library10.2165/11599280-000000000-00000
90.
Langat NT, Odero W, Gatongi P. Antiretroviral drug adherence by HIV infected children attending Kericho District Hospital, Kenya. East Afr J Public Health. 2012;9:101-4.
Not in our library
91.
Kim S-H, Gerver SM, Fidler S, Ward H. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in adolescents living with HIV: systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Lond Engl. 2014;28:1945-56.
Not in our library10.1097/qad.0000000000000316
92.
Dube N, Summers R, Tint K-S, Mayayise G. A pharmacovigilance study of adults on highly active antiretroviral therapy, South Africa: 2007–2011. Pan Afr Med J. 2012;11:39.
Not in our library
93.
Ryscavage PA, Anderson EJ, Sutton SH, Reddy S, Taiwo B. Clinical outcomes of adolescents and young adults in adult HIV care. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;58:193-7.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0b013e31822d7564
94.
Adherence to antiretroviral therapy ∣ adult and adolescent ARV guidelines. 2014.
Not in our library
95.
Rudy BJ, Murphy DA, Harris DR, Muenz L, Ellen J, Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions. Patient-related risks for nonadherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected youth in the United States: a study of prevalence and interactions. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2009;23:185-94.
Not in our library10.1089/apc.2008.0162
96.
Antiretroviral treatment, management challenges and outcomes in perinatally HIV‐infected adolescents · 2013
No notice
97.
Evans D, Menezes C, Mahomed K, Macdonald P, Untiedt S, Levin L, et al. Treatment outcomes of HIV-infected adolescents attending public-sector HIV clinics across Gauteng and Mpumalanga, South Africa. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2013;29:892-900.
Not in our library10.1089/aid.2012.0215
98.
Nglazi MD, Kranzer K, Holele P, Kaplan R, Mark D, Jaspan H, et al. Treatment outcomes in HIV-infected adolescents attending a community-based antiretroviral therapy clinic in South Africa. BMC Infect Dis. 2012;12:21.
Not in our library10.1186/1471-2334-12-21
99.
Shroufi A, Gunguwo H, Dixon M, Nyathi M, Ndebele W, Saint-Sauveur J-F, et al. HIV-infected adolescents in southern Africa can achieve good treatment outcomes: results from a retrospective cohort study. AIDS Lond Engl. 2013;27:1971-8.
Not in our library10.1097/qad.0b013e32836149ea
100.
Bygrave H, Mtangirwa J, Ncube K, Ford N, Kranzer K, Munyaradzi D. Antiretroviral therapy outcomes among adolescents and youth in rural Zimbabwe. PLoS One. 2012;7:e52856.
Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0052856
101.
Williams PL, Dyke RV, Eagle M, Smith D, Vincent C, Ciupak G, et al. Association of site-specific and participant-specific factors with retention of children in a long-term pediatric HIV cohort study. Am J Epidemiol. 2008;167:1375-86.
Not in our library10.1093/aje/kwn072
102.
Dachew BA, Tesfahunegn TB, Birhanu AM. Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among children at the University of Gondar Hospital and Gondar Poly Clinic, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional institutional based study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:875.
Not in our library10.1186/1471-2458-14-875
103.
Chandwani S, Koenig LJ, Sill AM, Abramowitz S, Conner LC, D'Angelo L. Predictors of antiretroviral medication adherence among a diverse cohort of adolescents with HIV. J Adolesc Health Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med. 2012;51:242-51.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.12.013
104.
Living situation affects adherence to combination antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected adolescents in Rwanda: a qualitative study. · 2013
Not checked
105.
Petersen I, Bhana A, Myeza N, Alicea S, John S, Holst H, et al. Psychosocial challenges and protective influences for socio-emotional coping of HIV+ adolescents in South Africa: a qualitative investigation. AIDS Care. 2010;22:970-8.
Not in our library10.1080/09540121003623693
106.
de Carvalho FT, de Morais NA, Koller SH, Piccinini CA. Protective factors and resilience in people living with HIV/AIDS. Cad Saúde Pública. 2007;23:2023-33.
Not in our library10.1590/s0102-311x2007000900011
107.
Small L, Mercado M, Gopalan P, Pardo G, Ann Mellins C, McKay MM. Enhancing the emotional wellbeing of perinatally HIV infected youth across global contexts. Glob Soc Welf Res Policy Pract. 2014;1:25-35.
Not in our library10.1007/s40609-014-0009-6
108.
Sopena S, Evangeli M, Dodge J, Melvin D. Coping and psychological adjustment in adolescents with vertically acquired HIV. AIDS Care. 2010;22:1252-8.
Not in our library10.1080/09540121003668110
109.
Harms S, Kizza R, Sebunnya J, Jack S. Conceptions of mental health among Ugandan youth orphaned by AIDS. Afr J AIDS Res. 2009;8:7-16.
Not in our library10.2989/ajar.2009.8.1.2.715
110.
Betancourt TS, Meyers-Ohki S, Stulac SN, Barrera AE, Mushashi C, Beardslee WR. Nothing can defeat combined hands (Abashize hamwe ntakibananira): protective processes and resilience in Rwandan children and families affected by HIV/AIDS. Soc Sci Med. 2011;73:693-701.
Not in our library10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.053
111.
Mghamba FW, Minzi OMS, Massawe A, Sasi P. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV infected children measured by caretaker report, medication return, and drug level in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:95.
Not in our library10.1186/1471-2431-13-95
112.
Samet JH, Sullivan LM, Traphagen ET, Ickovics JR. Measuring adherence among HIV-infected persons: is MEMS consummate technology? AIDS Behav. 2001;5:21-30.
Not in our library
113.
Gross R, Tierney C, Andrade A, et al. Modified directly observed antiretroviral therapy compared with self-administered therapy in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients: a randomized trial. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169:1224-32.
Not in our library10.1001/archinternmed.2009.172
114.
Parsons GN, Siberry GK, Parsons JK, Christensen JR, Joyner ML, Lee SL, et al. Multidisciplinary, inpatient directly observed therapy for HIV-1-infected children and adolescents failing HAART: a retrospective study. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2006;20:275-84.
Not in our library10.1089/apc.2006.20.275
115.
Glikman D, Walsh L, Valkenburg J, Mangat PD, Marcinak JF. Hospital-based directly observed therapy for HIV-infected children and adolescents to assess adherence to antiretroviral medications. Pediatrics. 2007;119:e1142-8.
Not in our library10.1542/peds.2006-2614
116.
Purdy JB, Freeman AF, Martin SC, Ryder C, Elliott-DeSorbo DK, Zeichner S, et al. Virologic response using directly observed therapy in adolescents with HIV: an adherence tool. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2008;19:158-65.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jana.2007.08.003
117.
Kaai S, Bullock S, Sarna A, Chersich M, Luchters S, Geibel S, et al. Perceived stigma among patients receiving antiretroviral treatment: a prospective randomised trial comparing an m-DOT strategy with standard-of-care in Kenya. SAHARA J. 2010;7:62-70.
Not in our library10.1080/17290376.2010.9724958
118.
Munyao P, Luchters S, Chersich MF, Kaai S, Geibel S, Mandaliya KN, et al. Implementation of clinic-based modified-directly observed therapy (m-DOT) for ART; experiences in Mombasa, Kenya. AIDS Care. 2010;22:187-94.
Not in our library10.1080/09540120903111452
119.
Vreeman RC, Nyandiko WM, Ayaya SO, Walumbe EG, Marrero DG, Inui TS. The perceived impact of disclosure of pediatric HIV status on pediatric antiretroviral therapy adherence, child well-being, and social relationships in a resource-limited setting. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2010;24:639-49.
Not in our library10.1089/apc.2010.0079
120.
Nabukeera-Barungi N, Kalyesubula I, Kekitiinwa A, Byakika-Tusiime J, Musoke P. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children attending Mulago Hospital, Kampala. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2007;27:123-31.
Not in our library10.1179/146532807x192499
121.
Biressaw S, Abegaz WE, Abebe M, Taye WA, Belay M. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and associated factors among HIV infected children in Ethiopia: unannounced home-based pill count versus caregivers’ report. BMC Pediatr. 2013;13:132.
Not in our library10.1186/1471-2431-13-132
122.
Müller AD, Jaspan HB, Myer L, Hunter AL, Harling G, Bekker L-G, et al. Standard measures are inadequate to monitor pediatric adherence in a resource-limited setting. AIDS Behav. 2011;15:422-31.
Not in our library10.1007/s10461-010-9825-6
123.
Haberer JE, Kiwanuka J, Nansera D, Wilson IB, Bangsberg DR. Challenges in using mobile phones for collection of antiretroviral therapy adherence data in a resource-limited setting. AIDS Behav. 2010;14:1294-301.
Not in our library10.1007/s10461-010-9720-1
124.
Haberer JE, Kiwanuka J, Nansera D, Muzoora C, Hunt PW, So J, et al. Real-time adherence monitoring of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults and children in rural Uganda. AIDS. 2013;27:2166-8.
Not in our library10.1097/qad.0b013e328363b53f
125.
Muller AD, Bode S, Myer L, Roux P, von Steinbuchel N. Electronic measurement of adherence to pediatric antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:257-62.
Not in our library10.1097/inf.0b013e31815b1ad4
126.
Haberer JE, Kiwanuka J, Nansera D, Ragland K, Mellins C, Bangsberg DR. Multiple measures reveal antiretroviral adherence successes and challenges in HIV-infected Ugandan children. PLoS One. 2012;7:e36737.
Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0036737
127.
Kalichman SC, Amaral CM, Stearns H, White D, Flanagan J, Pope H, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy assessed by unannounced pill counts conducted by telephone. J Gen Intern Med. 2007;22:1003-6.
Not in our library10.1007/s11606-007-0171-y
128.
Chesney MA. Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:S171-6.
Not in our library10.1086/313849
129.
Ndiaye M, Nyasulu P, Nguyen H, Lowenthal ED, Gross R, Mills EJ, et al. Risk factors for suboptimal antiretroviral therapy adherence in HIV-infected adolescents in Gaborone, Botswana: a pilot cross-sectional study. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2013;7:891-5.
Not in our library10.2147/ppa.s47628
130.
Bangsberg DR, Hecht FM, Charlebois ED, Chesney M, Moss A. Comparing objective measures of adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy: electronic medication monitors and unannounced pill counts. AIDS Behav. 2001;5:275-81.
Not in our library
131.
Hong SY, Jerger L, Jonas A, et al. Medication possession ratio associated with short-term virologic response in individuals initiating antiretroviral therapy in Namibia. PLoS One. 2013;8:e56307.
Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0056307
132.
Messou E, Chaix M-L, Gabillard D, et al. Association between medication possession ratio, virologic failure and drug resistance in HIV-1 infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in Côte d'Ivoire. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;56:356-64.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0b013e3182084b5a
133.
Chi BH, Cantrell RA, Zulu I, et al. Adherence to first-line antiretroviral therapy affects non-virologic outcomes among patients on treatment for more than 12 months in Lusaka, Zambia. Int J Epidemiol. 2009;38:746-56.
Not in our library10.1093/ije/dyp004
134.
McMahon JH, Jordan MR, Kelley K, Bertagnolio S, Hong SY, Wanke CA, et al. Pharmacy adherence measures to assess adherence to antiretroviral therapy: review of the literature and implications for treatment monitoring. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;52:493-506.
Not in our library10.1093/cid/ciq167
135.
Jimmy-Gama D, Gibson S, McPake B, Maleta K. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) rationing and access mechanisms and their impact on youth ART utilization in Malawi. Malawi Med J. 2011;23:48-54.
Not in our library
136.
Fetzer BC, Mupenda B, Lusiama J, Kitetele F, Golin C, Behets F. Barriers to and facilitators of adherence to pediatric antiretroviral therapy in a sub-Saharan setting: insights from a qualitative study. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2011;25:611-21.
Not in our library10.1089/apc.2011.0083
137.
Biadgilign S, Deribew A, Amberbir A, Deribe K. Barriers and facilitators to antiretroviral medication adherence among HIV-infected paediatric patients in Ethiopia: a qualitative study. SAHARA J. 2009;6:148-54.
Not in our library10.1080/17290376.2009.9724943
138.
Arage G, Tessema G, Kassa H. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy and its associated factors among children at South Wollo Zone Hospitals, Northeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:365.
Not in our library10.1186/1471-2458-14-365
139.
Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy and its correlates among HIV infected pediatric patients in Ethiopia · 2008
Not checked
140.
Rutengwe RM. Identifying strategic interventions for improving household food and nutrition security in an urban informal settlement, South Africa. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2004;13:S169.
Not in our library
141.
Nyandiko WM, Ayaya S, Nabakwe E, Tenge C, Sidle JE, Yiannoutsos CT, et al. Outcomes of HIV-infected orphaned and non-orphaned children on antiretroviral therapy in western Kenya. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;43:418-25.
Not in our library10.1097/01.qai.0000243122.52282.89
142.
Vreeman RC, Wiehe SE, Ayaya SO, Musick BS, Nyandiko WM. Association of antiretroviral and clinic adherence with orphan status among HIV-infected children in Western Kenya. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;49:163-70.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0b013e318183a996
143.
Bell S, Prata N, Lahiff M, Eskenazi B. Civil unrest and birthweight: an exploratory analysis of the 2007/2008 Kenyan Crisis. Soc Sci Med. 2012;74:1324-30.
Not in our library10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.01.019
144.
Mann M, Lurie MN, Kimaiyo S, Kantor R. Effects of political conflict-induced treatment interruptions on HIV drug resistance. AIDS Rev. 2013;15:15-24.
Not in our library
145.
Zwi A, Ugalde A. Towards an epidemiology of political violence in the third world. Soc Sci Med. 1989;28:633-42.
Not in our library10.1016/0277-9536(89)90210-4
146.
Ityavyar DA, Ogba LO. Violence, conflict and health in Africa. Soc Sci Med. 1989;28:649-57.
Not in our library10.1016/0277-9536(89)90212-8
147.
Yach D. The impact of political violence on health and health services in Cape Town, South Africa, 1986: methodological problems and preliminary results. Am J Public Health. 1988;78:772-6.
Not in our library10.2105/ajph.78.7.772
148.
Herman AA. Political violence, health, and health services in South Africa. Am J Public Health. 1988;78:767-8.
Not in our library10.2105/ajph.78.7.767
149.
Pyne-Mercier LD, John-Stewart GC, Richardson BA, Kagondu NL, Thiga J, Noshy H, et al. The consequences of post-election violence on antiretroviral HIV therapy in Kenya. AIDS Care. 2011;23:562-8.
Not in our library10.1080/09540121.2010.525615
150.
Mann M, Diero L, Kemboi E, et al. Antiretroviral treatment interruptions induced by the Kenyan postelection crisis are associated with virological failure. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2013;64:220-4.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0b013e31829ec485
151.
Reid T, van Engelgem I, Telfer B, Manzi M. Providing HIV care in the aftermath of Kenya's post-election violence Medecins Sans Frontieres’ lessons learned January – March 2008. Confl Health. 2008;2:15.
Not in our library10.1186/1752-1505-2-15
152.
Vreeman RC, Nyandiko WM, Ayaya SO, Walumbe EG, Marrero DG, Inui TS. Factors sustaining pediatric adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Western Kenya. Qual Health Res. 2009;19:1716-29.
Not in our library10.1177/1049732309353047
153.
Bikaako-Kajura W, Luyirika E, Purcell DW, Downing J, Kaharuza F, Mermin J, et al. Disclosure of HIV status and adherence to daily drug regimens among HIV-infected children in Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2006;10:85-93.
Not in our library10.1007/s10461-006-9141-3
154.
Peterson K, Togun T, Klis S, Menten J, Colebunders R. Depression and posttraumatic stress disorder among HIV-infected Gambians on antiretroviral therapy. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2012;26:589-96.
Not in our library10.1089/apc.2012.0089
155.
Martin S, Elliott-DeSorbo DK, Wolters PL, Toledo-Tamula MA, Roby G, Zeichner S, et al. Patient, caregiver and regimen characteristics associated with adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children and adolescents. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2007;26:61-7.
Not in our library10.1097/01.inf.0000250625.80340.48
156.
Murphy DA, Sarr M, Durako SJ, Moscicki A, Wilson CM, Muenz LR, et al. Barriers to HAART adherence among human immunodeficiency virus-infected adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003;157:249-55.
Not in our library10.1001/archpedi.157.3.249
157.
Hosek SG, Harper GW, Domanico R. Predictors of medication adherence among HIV-infected youth. Psychol Health Med. 2005;10:166-79.
Not in our library10.1080/1354350042000326584
158.
MacDonell KE, Naar-King S, Murphy DA, Parsons JT, Huszti H. Situational temptation for HIV medication adherence in high-risk youth. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2011;25:47-52.
Not in our library10.1089/apc.2010.0172
159.
MacDonell K, Naar-King S, Huszti H, Belzer M. Barriers to medication adherence in behaviorally and perinatally infected youth living with HIV. AIDS Behav. 2013;17:86-93.
Not in our library10.1007/s10461-012-0364-1
160.
Siu GE, Bakeera-Kitaka S, Kennedy CE, Dhabangi A, Kambugu A. HIV serostatus disclosure and lived experiences of adolescents at the Transition Clinic of the Infectious Diseases Clinic in Kampala, Uganda: a qualitative study. AIDS Care. 2012;24:606-11.
Not in our library10.1080/09540121.2011.630346
161.
Disclosure of HIV status to children in resource‐limited settings: a systematic review · 2013
No notice
162.
Wiener L, Mellins CA, Marhefka S, Battles HB. Disclosure of an HIV diagnosis to children: history, current research, and future directions. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2007;28:155-66.
Not in our library10.1097/01.dbp.0000267570.87564.cd
163.
Menon A, Glazebrook C, Campain N, Ngoma M. Mental health and disclosure of HIV status in Zambian adolescents with HIV infection: implications for peer-support programs. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;46:349-54.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0b013e3181565df0
164.
Mburu G, Hodgson I, Kalibala S, Haamujompa C, Cataldo F, Lowenthal ED, et al. Adolescent HIV disclosure in Zambia: barriers, facilitators and outcomes. J Int AIDS Soc. 2014;17.
Not in our library10.7448/ias.17.1.18866
165.
Hejoaka F. Care and secrecy: being a mother of children living with HIV in Burkina Faso. Soc Sci Med. 2009;69:869-76.
Not in our library10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.05.041
166.
Alubo O, Zwandor A, Jolayemi T, Omudu E. Acceptance and stigmatization of PLWA in Nigeria. AIDS Care. 2002;14:117-26.
Not in our library10.1080/09540120220097991
167.
Makoae LN, Portillo CJ, Uys LR, et al. The impact of taking or not taking ARVs on HIV stigma as reported by persons living with HIV infection in five African countries. AIDS Care. 2009;21:1357-62.
Not in our library10.1080/09540120902862576
168.
Elise A, France AM, Louise WM, Bata D, François R, Roger S, Philippe M. Assessment of adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in a cohort of African HIV-infected children in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2005;40:498-500.
Not in our library10.1097/01.qai.0000168180.76405.5f
169.
Iroha E, Esezobor CI, Ezeaka C, Temiye EO, Akinsulie A. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children attending a donor-funded clinic at a tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Afr J AIDS Res. 2010;9:25-30.
Not in our library10.2989/16085906.2010.484543
170.
Mukhtar-Yola M, Adeleke S, Gwarzo D, Ladan ZF. Preliminary investigation of adherence to antiretroviral therapy among children in Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Afr J AIDS Res. 2006;5:141-4.
Not in our library10.2989/16085900609490374
171.
Polisset J, Ametonou F, Arrive E, Aho A, Perez F. Correlates of adherence to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children in Lomé, Togo, West Africa. AIDS Behav. 2009;13:23-32.
Not in our library10.1007/s10461-008-9437-6
172.
Ugwu R, Eneh A. Factors influencing adherence to paediatric antiretroviral therapy in Portharcourt, South- South Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2013;16:30.
Not in our library10.11604/pamj.2013.16.30.1877
173.
Byakika-Tusiime J, Crane J, Oyugi JH, Ragland K, Kawuma A, Musoke P, et al. Longitudinal antiretroviral adherence in HIV+ Ugandan parents and their children initiating HAART in the MTCT-plus family treatment model: role of depression in declining adherence over time. AIDS Behav. 2009;13:82-91.
Not in our library10.1007/s10461-009-9546-x
174.
Wamalwa DC, Farquhar C, Obimbo EM, et al. Early response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1–infected Kenyan children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;45:311-7.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0b013e318042d613
175.
Preliminary outcomes of a paediatric highly active antiretroviral therapy cohort from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa · 2007
No notice
176.
Tsai AC, Bangsberg DR, Bwana M, Haberer JE, Frongillo EA, Muzoora C, et al. How does antiretroviral treatment attenuate the stigma of HIV? Evidence from a cohort study in rural Uganda. AIDS Behav. 2013;17:2725-31.
Not in our library10.1007/s10461-013-0503-3
177.
Gilbert L, Walker L. “They (ARVs) are my life, without them I'm nothing” – experiences of patients attending a HIV/AIDS clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa. Health Place. 2009;15:1123-9.
Not in our library10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.06.006
178.
Campbell C, Skovdal M, Madanhire C, Mugurungi O, Gregson S, Nyamukapa C. “We, the AIDS people …”: how antiretroviral therapy enables Zimbabweans living with HIV/AIDS to cope with stigma. Am J Public Health. 2011;101:1004-10.
Not in our library10.2105/ajph.2010.202838
179.
Zuch M, Lurie M. “A virus and nothing else”: the effect of ART on HIV-related stigma in rural South Africa. AIDS Behav. 2012;16:564-70.
Not in our library10.1007/s10461-011-0089-6
180.
Kaishusha Mupendwa BP, Kadima Ntokamunda JL. Treatment adhesion and factors affecting it at the Kadutu Clinic (Democratic Republic of the Congo). Santé. 2009;19:205-15.
Not in our library10.1684/san.2009.0178
181.
Neurodevelopment in perinatally HIV‐infected children: a concern for adolescence · 2013
No notice
182.
Dawes S, Suarez P, Casey CY, Cherner M, Marcotte TD, Letendre S, et al. Variable patterns of neuropsychological performance in HIV-1 infection. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2008;30:613-26.
Not in our library10.1080/13803390701565225
183.
Hoare J, Fouche J-P, Spottiswoode B, et al. A diffusion tensor imaging and neurocognitive study of HIV-positive children who are HAART-naïve “slow progressors”. J Neurovirol. 2012;18:205-12.
Not in our library10.1007/s13365-012-0099-9
184.
Hoare J, Jacqueline H, Westgarth-Taylor J, et al. A diffusion tensor imaging and neuropsychological study of prospective memory impairment in South African HIV positive individuals. Metab Brain Dis. 2012;27:289-97.
Not in our library10.1007/s11011-012-9311-0
185.
Abubakar A, Holding P, Van Baar A, Newton CR, Van de Vijver FJ, Espy KA. The performance of children prenatally exposed to HIV on the A-Not-B task in Kilifi, Kenya: a preliminary study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2013;10:4132-42.
Not in our library10.3390/ijerph10094132
186.
Melrose RJ, Tinaz S, Castelo JMB, Courtney MG, Stern CE. Compromised fronto-striatal functioning in HIV: an fMRI investigation of semantic event sequencing. Behav Brain Res. 2008;188:337-47.
Not in our library10.1016/j.bbr.2007.11.021
187.
Kandawasvika GQ, Ogundipe E, Gumbo FZ, Kurewa EN, Mapingure MP, Stray-Pedersen B. Neurodevelopmental impairment among infants born to mothers infected with human immunodeficiency virus and uninfected mothers from three peri-urban primary care clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2011;53:1046-52.
Not in our library10.1111/j.1469-8749.2011.04126.x
188.
Nichols SL, Montepiedra G, Farley JJ, Sirois PA, Malee K, Kammerer B, et al. Cognitive, academic and behavioral correlates of medication adherence in children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2012;33:298-308.
Not in our library10.1097/dbp.0b013e31824bef47
189.
Rice ML, Buchanan AL, Siberry GK, et al. Language impairment in children perinatally infected with HIV compared to children who were HIV-exposed and uninfected. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2012;33:112-23.
Not in our library10.1097/dbp.0b013e318241ed23
190.
Rice ML, Zeldow B, Siberry GK, et al. Evaluation of risk for late language emergence after in utero antiretroviral drug exposure in HIV-exposed uninfected infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2013;32:e406-13.
Not in our library10.1097/inf.0b013e31829b80ee
191.
Garvie PA, Zeldow B, Malee K, Nichols SL, Smith RA, Wilkins ML, et al. Discordance of cognitive and academic achievement outcomes in youth with perinatal HIV exposure. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014;33:e232-8.
Not in our library10.1097/inf.0000000000000314
192.
Kandawasvika GQ, Kuona P, Chandiwana P, Masanganise M, Gumbo FZ, Mapingure MP, et al. The burden and predictors of cognitive impairment among 6- to 8-year-old children infected and uninfected with HIV from Harare, Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional study. Child Neuropsychol. 2015;21:106-20.
Not in our library10.1080/09297049.2013.876493
193.
Pugatch D, Bennett L, Patterson D. HIV medication adherence in adolescents. J HIVAIDS Prev Educ Adolesc Child. 2002;5:9-29.
Not in our library
194.
Ford N, Lee J, Andrieux-Meyer I, Calmy A. Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of rilpivirine: systematic review with an emphasis on resource-limited settings. HIVAIDS. 2011;3:35-44.
Not in our library10.2147/hiv.s14559
195.
Spreen WR, Margolis DA, Pottage JC. Long-acting injectable antiretrovirals for HIV treatment and prevention. Curr Opin HIV AIDS. 2013;8:565-71.
Not in our library10.1097/coh.0000000000000002
196.
Spreen W, Williams P, Margolis D, Ford SL, Crauwels H, Lou Y, et al. Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability with repeat doses of GSK1265744 and rilpivirine (TMC278) long-acting nanosuspensions in healthy adults. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2014;67:487-92.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0000000000000365
197.
Cervia JS. Easing the transition of HIV-infected adolescents to adult care. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2013;27:692-6.
Not in our library10.1089/apc.2013.0253
198.
Dowshen N, D'Angelo L. Health care transition for youth living with HIV/AIDS. Pediatrics. 2011;128:762-71.
Not in our library10.1542/peds.2011-0068
199.
Hussen SA, Chahroudi A, Boylan A, Camacho-Gonzalez AF, Hackett S, Chakraborty R. Transition of youth living with HIV from pediatric to adult-oriented healthcare: a review of the literature. Future Virol. 2015;9:921-9.
Not in our library10.2217/fvl.14.73
200.
Wiener LS, Kohrt B-A, Battles HB, Pao M. The HIV experience: youth identified barriers for transitioning from pediatric to adult care. J Pediatr Psychol. 2011;36:141-54.
Not in our library10.1093/jpepsy/jsp129
201.
Malee K, Williams PL, Montepiedra G, Nichols S, Sirois PA, Storm D, et al. The role of cognitive functioning in medication adherence of children and adolescents with HIV infection. J Pediatr Psychol. 2009;34:164-75.
Not in our library10.1093/jpepsy/jsn068
202.
Vijayan T, Benin AL, Wagner K, Romano S, Andiman WA. We never thought this would happen: transitioning care of adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection from pediatrics to internal medicine. AIDS Care. 2009;21:1222-9.
Not in our library10.1080/09540120902730054
203.
Gilliam PP, Ellen JM, Leonard L, Kinsman S, Jevitt CM, Straub DM. Transition of adolescents with HIV to adult care: characteristics and current practices of the adolescent trials network for HIV/AIDS interventions. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2011;22:283-94.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jana.2010.04.003
204.
Abaasa AM, Todd J, Ekoru K, Kalyango JN, Levin J, Odeke E, et al. Good adherence to HAART and improved survival in a community HIV/AIDS treatment and care programme: the experience of the AIDS Support Organization (TASO), Kampala, Uganda. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:241.
Not in our library10.1186/1472-6963-8-241
205.
Mills EJ, Bakanda C, Birungi J, Chan K, Ford N, Cooper CL, et al. Life expectancy of persons receiving combination antiretroviral therapy in low-income countries: a cohort analysis from Uganda. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155:209-16.
Not in our library10.7326/0003-4819-155-4-201108160-00358
206.
Lowenthal ED, Bakeera-Kitaka S, Marukutira T, Chapman J, Goldrath K, Ferrand RA. Perinatally acquired HIV infection in adolescents from sub-Saharan Africa: a review of emerging challenges. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:627-39.
Not in our library10.1016/s1473-3099(13)70363-3
207.
Attia S, Egger M, Müller M, Zwahlen M, Low N. Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. AIDS Lond Engl. 2009;23:1397-404.
Not in our library10.1097/qad.0b013e32832b7dca
208.
Bangsberg DR, Acosta EP, Gupta R, Guzman D, Riley ED, Harrigan PR, et al. Adherence-resistance relationships for protease and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors explained by virological fitness. AIDS Lond Engl. 2006;20:223-31.
Not in our library10.1097/01.aids.0000199825.34241.49
209.
Wright MJ, Woo E, Foley J, et al. Antiretroviral adherence and the nature of HIV-associated verbal memory impairment. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2011;23:324-31.
Not in our library10.1176/appi.neuropsych.23.3.324
210.
Hinkin CH, Hardy DJ, Mason KI, Castellon SA, Durvasula RS, Lam MN, et al. Medication adherence in HIV-infected adults: effect of patient age, cognitive status, and substance abuse. AIDS. 2004;18(Suppl 1):S19-25.
Not in our library10.1097/00002030-200418001-00004
211.
Simoni JM, Frick PA, Pantalone DW, Turner BJ. Antiretroviral adherence interventions: a review of current literature and ongoing studies. Top HIV Med. 2003;11:185-98.
Not in our library
212.
Scanlon ML, Vreeman RC. Current strategies for improving access and adherence to antiretroviral therapies in resource-limited settings. HIVAIDS. 2013;5:1-17.
Not in our library10.2147/hiv.s28912
213.
Simoni JM, Pearson CR, Pantalone DW, Marks G, Crepaz N. Efficacy of interventions in improving highly active antiretroviral therapy adherence and HIV-1 RNA viral load. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;43:S23-35.
Not in our library10.1097/01.qai.0000248342.05438.52
214.
Rueda S, Park-Wyllie LY, Bayoumi AM, Tynan AM, Antoniou TA, Rourke SB, et al. Patient support and education for promoting adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV/AIDS. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006;3:CD001442.
Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd001442.pub2
215.
Amico KR, Harman JJ, Johnson BT. Efficacy of antiretroviral therapy adherence interventions: a research synthesis of trials, 1996 to 2004. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;41:285-97.
Not in our library10.1097/01.qai.0000197870.99196.ea
216.
Van Winghem J, Telfer B, Reid T, Ouko J, Mutunga A, Jama Z, et al. Implementation of a comprehensive program including psycho-social and treatment literacy activities to improve adherence to HIV care and treatment for a pediatric population in Kenya. BMC Pediatr. 2008;8:52.
Not in our library10.1186/1471-2431-8-52
217.
Kenu E, Obo-Akwa A, Nuamah GB, Brefo A, Sam M, Lartey M. Knowledge and disclosure of HIV status among adolescents and young adults attending an adolescent HIV clinic in Accra, Ghana. BMC Res Notes. 2014;7.
Not in our library10.1186/1756-0500-7-844
218.
Workneh G, Scherzer L, Kirk B, Draper HR, Anabwani G, Wanless RS, et al. Evaluation of the effectiveness of an outreach clinical mentoring programme in support of paediatric HIV care scale-up in Botswana. AIDS Care. 2013;25:11-9.
Not in our library10.1080/09540121.2012.674096
219.
Dowse R, Barford K, Browne SH. Simple, illustrated medicines information improves ARV knowledge and patient self-efficacy in limited literacy South African HIV patients. AIDS Care. 2014;26:1400-6.
Not in our library10.1080/09540121.2014.931559
220.
Kunutsor S, Walley J, Muchuro S, Katabira E, Balidawa H, Namagala E, et al. Improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan African HIV-positive populations: an enhanced adherence package. AIDS Care. 2012;24:1308-15.
Not in our library10.1080/09540121.2012.661833
221.
Navarra A-M, Neu N, Toussi S, Nelson J, Larson EL. Health literacy and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected youth. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care. 2014;25:203-13.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jana.2012.11.003
222.
Garvie PA, Lensing S, Rai SN. Efficacy of a pill-swallowing training intervention to improve antiretroviral medication adherence in pediatric patients with HIV/AIDS. Pediatrics. 2007;119:e893-9.
Not in our library10.1542/peds.2006-1488
223.
Service delivery interventions to improve adolescents' linkage, retention and adherence to antiretroviral therapy and HIV care · 2015
No notice
224.
Greifinger R, Dick B. Provision of psychosocial support for young people living with HIV: voices from the field. SAHARA J. 2011;8:33-41.
Not in our library10.1080/17290376.2011.9724982
225.
Crozatti MTL, França-Junior I, Rodrigues R, Carneiro Ferrão Mdo S, Brigido LF, Della Negra M, et al. Antiretroviral treatment adherence in childhood and adolescence: multidisciplinary team as an associated factor in Brazil. AIDS Care. 2013;25:1462-9.
Not in our library10.1080/09540121.2013.774312
226.
Garvie PA, Lawford J, Flynn PM, Gaur AH, Belzer M, McSherry GD, et al. Development of a directly observed therapy adherence intervention for adolescents with human immunodeficiency virus-1: application of focus group methodology to inform design, feasibility, and acceptability. J Adolesc Health Off Publ Soc Adolesc Med. 2009;44:124-32.
Not in our library10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.05.006
227.
Lester RT, Ritvo P, Mills EJ, et al. Effects of a mobile phone short message service on antiretroviral treatment adherence in Kenya (WelTel Kenya1): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2010;376:1838-45.
Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61997-6
228.
Pop-Eleches C, Thirumurthy H, Habyarimana JP, et al. Mobile phone technologies improve adherence to antiretroviral treatment in a resource-limited setting: a randomized controlled trial of text message reminders. AIDS Lond Engl. 2011;25:825-34.
Not in our library10.1097/qad.0b013e32834380c1
229.
Sarna A, Luchters S, Geibel S, Chersich MF, Munyao P, Kaai S, et al. Short- and long-term efficacy of modified directly observed antiretroviral treatment in Mombasa, Kenya: a randomized trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;48:611-9.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0b013e3181806bf1
230.
Pearson CR, Micek MA, Simoni JM, Hoff PD, Matediana E, Martin DP, et al. Randomized control trial of peer-delivered, modified directly observed therapy for HAART in Mozambique. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;46:238-44.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0b013e318153f7ba
231.
Nachega JB, Chaisson RE, Goliath R, Efron A, Chaudhary MA, Ram M, et al. Randomized controlled trial of trained patient-nominated treatment supporters providing partial directly observed antiretroviral therapy. AIDS. 2010;24:1273-80.
Not in our library10.1097/qad.0b013e328339e20e
232.
Idoko JA, Agbaji O, Agaba P, et al. Direct observation therapy-highly active antiretroviral therapy in a resource-limited setting: the use of community treatment support can be effective. Int J STD AIDS. 2007;18:760-3.
Not in our library10.1258/095646207782212252
233.
Taiwo BOM, Idoko JAM, Welty LJ, Otoh I, Job GR, Iyaji PG, et al. Assessing the viorologic and adherence benefits of patient-selected HIV treatment partners in a resource-limited setting. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2010;54:85-92.
Not in our library10.1097/01.qai.0000371678.25873.1c
234.
Bärnighausen T, Chaiyachati K, Chimbindi N, Peoples A, Haberer J, Newell M-L. Interventions to increase antiretroviral adherence in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review of evaluation studies. Lancet Infect Dis. 2011;11:942-51.
Not in our library10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70181-5
235.
Chang LW, Kagaayi J, Nakigozi G, Packer AH, Serwadda D, Quinn TC, et al. Responding to the human resource crisis: peer health workers, mobile phones, and HIV care in Rakai, Uganda. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2008;22:173-4.
Not in our library10.1089/apc.2007.0234
236.
Stubbs BA, Micek MA, Pfeiffer JT, Montoya P, Gloyd S. Treatment partners and adherence to HAART in Central Mozambique. AIDS Care. 2009;21:1412-9.
Not in our library10.1080/09540120902814395
237.
Kabore I, Bloem J, Etheredge G, et al. The effect of community-based support services on clinical efficacy and health-related quality of life in HIV/AIDS patients in resource-limited settings in sub-Saharan Africa. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2010;24:581-94.
Not in our library10.1089/apc.2009.0307
238.
Cantrell RA, Sinkala M, Megazinni K, et al. A pilot study of food supplementation to improve adherence to antiretroviral therapy among food-insecure adults in Lusaka, Zambia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008;49:190-5.
Not in our library10.1097/qai.0b013e31818455d2
239.
Ssewamala FM, Nabunya P, Ilic V, Mukasa MN, Ddamulira C. Relationship between family economic resources, psychosocial well-being, and educational preferences of AIDS-orphaned children in southern uganda: baseline findings. Glob Soc Welf Res Policy Pract. 2015;22:75-86.
Not in our library10.1007/s40609-015-0027-z
240.
Thompson MA, Mugavero MJ, Amico KR, et al. Guidelines for improving entry into and retention in care and antiretroviral adherence for persons with HIV: evidence-based recommendations from an International Association of Physicians in AIDS care panel. Ann Intern Med. 2012;156:817-33, W-284–94.
Not in our library10.7326/0003-4819-156-11-201206050-00419
241.
Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in pediatric HIV infection. 2014.
Not in our library
242.
Elkington KS, Bauermeister JA, Robbins RN, Gromadzka O, Abrams EJ, Wiznia A, et al. Individual and contextual factors of sexual risk behavior in youth perinatally infected with HIV. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2012;26:411-22.
Not in our library10.1089/apc.2012.0005
243.
Musiime V, Kizito H, Ssali F, Namusoke A, Mugisha M, Kityo C, et al. An adolescent peer support group improves adherence to antiretroviral therapy and reduces self-stigma among HIV-infected adolescents at joint clinical research centre (JCRC), Kampala. 2007.
Not in our library
244.
Bhana A, Mellins CA, Petersen I, et al. The VUKA family program: piloting a family-based psychosocial intervention to promote health and mental health among HIV infected early adolescents in South Africa. AIDS Care. 2014;26:1-11.
Not in our library10.1080/09540121.2013.806770
245.
Fatti G, Shaikh N, Eley B, Grimwood A. Improved virological suppression in children on antiretroviral treatment receiving community-based adherence support: a multicentre cohort study from South Africa. AIDS Care. 2014;26:448-53.
Not in our library10.1080/09540121.2013.855699
246.
Enhancing psychosocial support for HIV positive adolescents in Harare, Zimbabwe. · 2013
Not checked

Cited by papers we hold 2

Reads

Read by people on this page

None yet.

Checked or read by AI through naulon

None yet.

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.

Are you an author?

Is this your paper?

Claim it to add your note and be paid when agents cite it. Free.