Anti-inflammatory properties of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 in a murine colitis model

colitis model and evaluated the related inflammatory responses associated with T helper 17 (Th17), Th1, and regulator T (Treg) cells.Male C57BL/6 mice (8-week-old) were administered 2.5% (w/v) DSS (MP Biomedicals, Solon, OH, USA) in their drinking water for 6 days, and water was replaced with DSS-free water before euthanization.Animals were randomly assigned to 2 groups; DSS+Veh (phosphate buffered saline [PBS]-treated vehicle) (n = 4) and DSS+EcN groups (n = 4).The DSS+Veh group was administered with 0.1 mL PBS, and the DSS+EcN group was administered with 1 × 10 8 bacteria in 0.1 mL PBS by oral gavage on days 0, 2, and 5.All mice were sacrificed 8 days after the onset of the study.Mice were monitored for body weight loss, and the entire colon was isolated from the harvested mouse.The colon length was measured between the ileocecal junction and the rectum.Parts of the distal colon were cut into 2 to 3 pieces for periodic acid-Schiff staining and images were obtained using a model BX41 light microscope (Olympus Optical, Tokyo, Japan).Spleens were harvested for flow cytometry, and cells were analyzed with a FACSVerse flow cytometer (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) and were analyzed using FlowJo software (Tree Star, Eugene, OR, USA).6 All animal experiments complied with all applicable Korean laws, and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Yonsei University Severance Hospital (Seoul, Korea) (IACUC No. 2019-0241).The experiments complied with the approved IACUC guidelines.All results are expressed as standard error of the mean.GraphPad Software (La Jolla, CA, USA) was used for all analyses.The significance of differ-

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