H2AX Phosphorylation: Its Role in DNA Damage Response and Cancer Therapy

Abstract

Double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious DNA lesions, which, if left unrepaired, may have severe consequences for cell survival, as they lead to chromosome aberrations, genomic instability, or cell death. Various physical, chemical, and biological factors are involved in DSB induction. Cells respond to DNA damage by activating the so‐called DNA damage response (DDR), a complex molecular mechanism developed to detect and repair DNA damage. The formation of DSBs triggers activation of many factors, including phosphorylation of the histone variant H2AX, producing γ H2AX. Phosphorylation of H2AX plays a key role in DDR and is required for the assembly of DNA repair proteins at the sites containing damaged chromatin as well as for activation of checkpoints proteins which arrest the cell cycle progression. In general, analysis of γ H2AX expression can be used to detect the genotoxic effect of different toxic substances. When applied to clinical samples from cancer patients, evaluation of γ H2AX levels may allow not only to monitor the efficiency of anticancer treatment but also to predict of tumor cell sensitivity to DNA damaging anticancer agents and toxicity of anticancer treatment toward normal cells.

Cited by papers we hold 6

• Molecular mechanisms of tumor resistance to radiotherapy · 2023
  No notice
• DNA damage repair: historical perspectives, mechanistic pathways and clinical translation for targeted cancer therapy · 2021
  No notice
• Fusobacterium nucleatum Caused DNA Damage and Promoted Cell Proliferation by the Ku70 / p53 Pathway in Oral Cancer Cells · 2020
  No notice
• Antitumor Activity of a 5-Hydroxy-1H-Pyrrol-2-(5H)-One-Based Synthetic Small Molecule In Vitro and In Vivo. · 2015
  Not checked
• Epigenetic-based combinatorial resveratrol and pterostilbene alters DNA damage response by affecting SIRT1 and DNMT enzyme expression, including SIRT1-dependent γ-H2AX and telomerase regulation in triple-negative breast cancer · 2015
  No notice
• Ionizing radiation-induced DNA injury and damage detection in patients with breast cancer · 2015
  No notice

Reads

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.