The profile of river ecosystem, food and feeding habits of hill-stream fishes and consequences of recent environmental degradation in Garhwal Himalaya

The Garhwal region of the Central Himalaya (in the Uttar Pradesh, India) offers an unique physio-topographic, climatic and environmental features.The glacial-snow-fed and non-glacial-fed or spring -fed rivers of the area makes the upper basin of the Ganga river system of North India (being characterized by low water temperature, steep gradient fast water current, high turbulence etc.).There are 65 fish species (belonging to 9 families of teleosts) reported so far.V ado us biotic communities (pllmktonic, benthic, nektonic and neusto• nic), detritus, debris, sand particles are being used as food matters by herbi-, herbiomni•, camivomni-, cami•, lsrvi• and piscivorous fishes.Dw:in� recent years, hillstream environment has dete riorated owing to excessive deforestation, multipurpose river valley projects, over grazing, forest fires, modem tourism, over exploitation of natural resources" Table 1Comparative values of physico-chemical parameters of the Godawari (tropical river)* and the Bhagirathi (hillstream)** s.

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