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Multiple Roles of Chitosan in Mucosal Drug Delivery: An Updated Review

Paola Mura, Francesca Maestrelli, Marzia Cirri and 1 more

Marine Drugs · 2022 · Review · CC BY

doi:10.3390/md20050335

Abstract

Chitosan (CS) is a linear polysaccharide obtained by the deacetylation of chitin, which, after cellulose, is the second biopolymer most abundant in nature, being the primary component of the exoskeleton of crustaceans and insects. Since joining the pharmaceutical field, in the early 1990s, CS attracted great interest, which has constantly increased over the years, due to its several beneficial and favorable features, including large availability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, simplicity of chemical modifications, mucoadhesion and permeation enhancer power, joined to its capability of forming films, hydrogels and micro- and nanoparticles. Moreover, its cationic character, which renders it unique among biodegradable polymers, is responsible for the ability of CS to strongly interact with different types of molecules and for its intrinsic antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and hemostatic activities. However, its pH-dependent solubility and susceptibility to ions presence may represent serious drawbacks and require suitable strategies to be overcome. Presently, CS and its derivatives are widely investigated for a great variety of pharmaceutical applications, particularly in drug delivery. Among the alternative routes to overcome the problems related to the classic oral drug administration, the mucosal route is becoming the favorite non-invasive delivery pathway. This review aims to provide an updated overview of the applications of CS and its derivatives in novel formulations intended for different methods of mucosal drug delivery.

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    Kundu A., Hasnain M.S., Nayak A.K. Chitosan-Based Hydrogels in Drug Delivery. Chitosan in Drug Delivery. 2022;361-387.

    Not in our library

  99. 99.

    Xu J., Strandman S., Zhu J.X.X., Barralet J., Cerruti M. Genipin-Crosslinked Catechol-Chitosan Mucoadhesive Hydrogels for Buccal Drug Delivery. Biomaterials. 2015;37:395-404.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.10.024

  100. 100.

    Xiao Y., Gong T., Jiang Y., Wang Y., Wen Z.T., Zhou S., Bao C., Xu X. Fabrication and Characterization of a Glucose-Sensitive Antibacterial Chitosan–Polyethylene Oxide Hydrogel. Polymer. 2016;82:1-10.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.polymer.2015.11.016

  101. 101.

    Liu J., Xiao Y., Wang X., Huang L., Chen Y., Bao C. Glucose-Sensitive Delivery of Metronidazole by Using a Photo-Crosslinked Chitosan Hydrogel Film to Inhibit Porphyromonas Gingivalis Proliferation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019;122:19-28.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.202

  102. 102.

    Chang P.C., Chao Y.C., Hsiao M.H., Chou H.S., Jheng Y.H., Yu X.H., Lee N., Yang C., Liu D.M. Inhibition of Periodontitis Induction Using a Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel Carrying Naringin. J. Periodontol. 2017;88:190-196.

    Not in our library10.1902/jop.2016.160189

  103. 103.

    Ortiz A.C., Morales J.O., Muttil P., Kunda N.K. Buccal Delivery of Nanoparticles. Mucosal Delivery of Drugs and Biologics in Nanoparticles. 2020;Volume 41:107-124.

    Not in our library

  104. 104.

    Morantes S.J., Buitrago D.M., Ibla J.F., García Y.M., Lafaurie G.I., Parraga J.E. Composites of Hydrogels and Nanoparticles. Biopolymer-Based Composites. 2017;107-138.

    Not in our library

  105. 105.

    Batista P., Castro P., Madureira A., Sarmento B., Pintado M. Development and Characterization of Chitosan Microparticles-in-Films for Buccal Delivery of Bioactive Peptides. Pharmaceuticals. 2019;12:32.

    Not in our library10.3390/ph12010032

  106. 106.

    dos Santos T.C., Rescignano N., Boff L., Reginatto F.H., Simões C.M.O., Machado de Campos A.M., Mijangos C.U. Manufacture and Characterization of Chitosan/PLGA Nanoparticles Nanocomposite Buccal Films. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017;6:638-644.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.014

  107. 107.

    Rahbarian M., Mortazavian E., Dorkoosh F.A., Rafiee Tehrani M. Preparation, Evaluation and Optimization of Nanoparticles Composed of Thiolated Triethyl Chitosan: A Potential Approach for Buccal Delivery of Insulin. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2018;44:254-263.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jddst.2017.12.016

  108. 108.

    Mahdizadeh Barzoki Z., Emam-Djomeh Z., Mortazavian E., Rafiee-Tehrani N., Behmadi H., Rafiee-Tehrani M., Moosavi-Movahedi A.A. Determination of Diffusion Coefficient for Released Nanoparticles from Developed Gelatin/Chitosan Bilayered Buccal Films. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018;112:1005-1013.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.215

  109. 109.

    Sinha S., Garg V., Sonali, Singh R.P., Dutt R. Chitosan-Alginate Core-Shell-Corona Shaped Nanoparticles of Dimethyl Fumarate in Orodispersible Film to Improve Bioavailability in Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: Preparation, Characterization and Biodistribution in Rats. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2021;64:102645.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102645

  110. 110.

    Calixto G.M.F., Victorelli F.D., Dovigo L.N., Chorilli M. Polyethyleneimine and Chitosan Polymer-Based Mucoadhesive Liquid Crystalline Systems Intended for Buccal Drug Delivery. AAPS Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2018;19:820-836.

    Not in our library10.1208/s12249-017-0890-2

  111. 111.

    Kassem M.A.A., ElMeshad A.N., Fares A.R. Lyophilized Sustained Release Mucoadhesive Chitosan Sponges for Buccal Buspirone Hydrochloride Delivery: Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation. AAPS Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2015;16:537-547.

    Not in our library10.1208/s12249-014-0243-3

  112. 112.

    Freag M.S., Saleh W.M., Abdallah O.Y. Laminated Chitosan-Based Composite Sponges for Transmucosal Delivery of Novel Protamine-Decorated Tripterine Phytosomes: Ex-Vivo Mucopenetration and in-Vivo Pharmacokinetic Assessments. Carbohydr. Polym. 2018;188:108-120.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.095

  113. 113.

    Chen J., Duan H., Pan H., Yang X., Pan W. Two Types of Core/Shell Fibers Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose with Self-Assembled Liposome for Buccal Delivery of Carvedilol across TR146 Cell Culture and Porcine Buccal Mucosa. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019;128:700-709.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.143

  114. 114.

    Touitou E., Illum L. Nasal Drug Delivery. Drug Deliv. Transl. Res. 2013;3:1-3.

    Not in our library10.1007/s13346-012-0111-1

  115. 115.

    Erdő F., Bors L.A., Farkas D., Bajza Á., Gizurarson S. Evaluation of Intranasal Delivery Route of Drug Administration for Brain Targeting. Brain Res. Bull. 2018;143:155-170.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.10.009

  116. 116.
  117. 117.

    Davis S.S., Illum L. Absorption Enhancers for Nasal Drug Delivery. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 2003;42:1107-1128.

    Not in our library10.2165/00003088-200342130-00003

  118. 118.

    Laffleur F., Bauer B. Progress in Nasal Drug Delivery Systems. Int. J. Pharm. 2021;607:120994.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120994

  119. 119.

    Casettari L., Illum L. Chitosan in Nasal Delivery Systems for Therapeutic Drugs. J. Controll. Release. 2014;190:189-200.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.003

  120. 120.

    Yu S., Xu X., Feng J., Liu M., Hu K. Chitosan and Chitosan Coating Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Brain Disease. Int. J. Pharm. 2019;560:282-293.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.02.012

  121. 121.

    Ojeda-Hernández D.D., Canales-Aguirre A.A., Matias-Guiu J., Gomez-Pinedo U., Mateos-Díaz J.C. Potential of Chitosan and Its Derivatives for Biomedical Applications in the Central Nervous System. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. 2020;8:389.

    Not in our library10.3389/fbioe.2020.00389

  122. 122.

    Ali A., Ahmed S. A Review on Chitosan and Its Nanocomposites in Drug Delivery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018;109:273-286.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.12.078

  123. 123.

    Patil S., Babbar A., Mathur R., Mishra A., Sawant K. Mucoadhesive Chitosan Microspheres of Carvedilol for Nasal Administration. J. Drug Target. 2010;18:321-331.

    Not in our library10.3109/10611861003663523

  124. 124.

    Gungor S., Okyar A., Erturk-Toker S., Baktir G., Ozsoy Y. Ondansetron-Loaded Chitosan Microspheres for Nasal Antiemetic Drug Delivery: An Alternative Approach to Oral and Parenteral Routes. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2010;36:806-813.

    Not in our library10.3109/03639040903517906

  125. 125.

    Pandey J., Shankar R., Kumar M., Shukla K., Kumari B. Development of Nasal Mucoadhesive Microspheres of Granisetron: A Potential Drug. Drug Res. 2020;70:367.

    Not in our library10.1055/a-1193-4781

  126. 126.
  127. 127.

    Yang W., Dong Z., Li Y., Zhang Y., Fu H., Xie Y. Therapeutic Efficacy of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with BCG-Polysaccharide Nucleic Acid and Ovalbumin on Airway Inflammation in Asthmatic Mice. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2021;40:1623-1631.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10096-021-04183-9

  128. 128.

    Lv Y., Zhang J., Wang C. Self-Assembled Chitosan Nanoparticles for Intranasal Delivery of Recombinant Protein Interleukin-17 Receptor C (IL-17RC): Preparation and Evaluation in Asthma Mice. Bioengineered. 2021;12:3029-3039.

    Not in our library10.1080/21655979.2021.1940622

  129. 129.

    Xu J., Xu B., Shou D., Xia X., Hu Y. Preparation and Evaluation of Vancomycin-Loaded N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles. Polymers. 2015;7:1850-1870.

    Not in our library10.3390/polym7091488

  130. 130.

    Bartos C., Varga P., Szabó-Révész P., Ambrus R. Physico-Chemical and In Vitro Characterization of Chitosan-Based Microspheres Intended for Nasal Administration. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13:608.

    Not in our library10.3390/pharmaceutics13050608

  131. 131.

    Jin H., Zhao Z., Lan Q., Zhou H., Mai Z., Wang Y., Ding X., Zhang W., Pi J., Evans C.E., et al. Nasal Delivery of Hesperidin/Chitosan Nanoparticles Suppresses Cytokine Storm Syndrome in a Mouse Model of Acute Lung Injury. Front. Pharmacol. 2021;11:592238.

    Not in our library10.3389/fphar.2020.592238

  132. 132.

    Cho C.S., Islam M.A., Firdous J., Choi Y.J., Yun C.H. Design and Application of Chitosan Microspheres as Oral and Nasal Vaccine Carriers: An Updated Review. Int. J. Nanomed. 2012;7:6077.

    Not in our library10.2147/ijn.s38330

  133. 133.

    Cui Z., Han D., Sun X., Zhang M., Feng X., Sun C., Gu J., Tong C., Lei L., Han W. Mannose-Modified Chitosan Microspheres Enhance OprF-OprI-Mediated Protection of Mice against Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection via Induction of Mucosal Immunity. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2015;99:667-680.

    Not in our library10.1007/s00253-014-6147-z

  134. 134.

    Li Z., Xiong F., He J., Dai X., Wang G. Surface-Functionalized, PH-Responsive Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid)-Based Microparticles for Intranasal Vaccine Delivery: Effect of Surface Modification with Chitosan and Mannan. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2016;109:24-34.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.08.012

  135. 135.

    Pawar D., Jaganathan K.S. Mucoadhesive Glycol Chitosan Nanoparticles for Intranasal Delivery of Hepatitis B Vaccine: Enhancement of Mucosal and Systemic Immune Response. Drug Deliv. 2016;23:185-194.

    Not in our library10.3109/10717544.2014.908427

  136. 136.

    Chowdhury M.Y.E., Kim T.H., Uddin M.B., Kim J.H., Hewawaduge C.Y., Ferdowshi Z., Sung M.H., Kim C.J., Lee J.S. Mucosal Vaccination of Conserved SM2, HA2 and Cholera Toxin Subunit A1 (CTA1) Fusion Protein with Poly Gamma-Glutamate/Chitosan Nanoparticles (PC NPs) Induces Protection against Divergent Influenza Subtypes. Vet. Microbiol. 2017;201:240-251.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.01.020

  137. 137.

    Mehrabi M., Mohamadpour Dounighi N., Montazeri H., Vakili-Ghartavol R., Rashti A. Chitosan Based Nanoparticles in Mucosal Vaccine Delivery. Arch. Razi Inst. 2018;73:165-176.

    Not in our library10.22092/ari.2017.109235.1101

  138. 138.

    Jearanaiwitayakul T., Seesen M., Chawengkirttikul R., Limthongkul J., Apichirapokey S., Sapsutthipas S., Phumiamorn S., Sunintaboon P., Ubol S. Intranasal Administration of RBD Nanoparticles Confers Induction of Mucosal and Systemic Immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Vaccines. 2021;9:768.

    Not in our library10.3390/vaccines9070768

  139. 139.

    Gao Y., Wu Y. Recent Advances of Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2022;203:379-388.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.162

  140. 140.

    Wang Z.B., Shan P., Li S.Z., Zhou Y., Deng X., Li J.L., Zhang Y., Gao J.S., Xu J. The Mechanism of Action of Acid-Soluble Chitosan as an Adjuvant in the Formulation of Nasally Administered Vaccine against HBV. RSC Adv. 2016;6:96785-96797.

    Not in our library10.1039/c6ra14419e

  141. 141.

    Singh B., Maharjan S., Sindurakar P., Cho K.H., Choi Y.J., Cho C.S. Needle-Free Immunization with Chitosan-Based Systems. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018;19:3639.

    Not in our library10.3390/ijms19113639

  142. 142.

    Malik A., Gupta M., Gupta V., Gogoi H., Bhatnagar R. Novel Application of Trimethyl Chitosan as an Adjuvant in Vaccine Delivery. Int. J. Nanomed. 2018;13:7959-7970.

    Not in our library10.2147/ijn.s165876

  143. 143.

    Shim S., Yoo H.S. The Application of Mucoadhesive Chitosan Nanoparticles in Nasal Drug Delivery. Mar. Drugs. 2020;18:605.

    Not in our library10.3390/md18120605

  144. 144.

    Boroumand H., Badie F., Mazaheri S., Seyedi Z.S., Nahand J.S., Nejati M., Baghi H.B., Abbasi-Kolli M., Badehnoosh B., Ghandali M., et al. Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles Against Viral Infections. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol. 2021;11:643953.

    Not in our library10.3389/fcimb.2021.643953

  145. 145.

    Aderibigbe B.A., Naki T. Chitosan-Based Nanocarriers for Nose to Brain Delivery. Appl. Sci. 2019;9:2219.

    Not in our library10.3390/app9112219

  146. 146.

    Tzeyung A., Md S., Bhattamisra S., Madheswaran T., Alhakamy N., Aldawsari H., Radhakrishnan A. Fabrication, Optimization, and Evaluation of Rotigotine-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles for Nose-To-Brain Delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11:26.

    Not in our library10.3390/pharmaceutics11010026

  147. 147.

    Manek E., Darvas F., Petroianu G.A. Use of Biodegradable, Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease. Molecules. 2020;25:4866.

    Not in our library10.3390/molecules25204866

  148. 148.
  149. 149.

    Liu S., Yang S., Ho P.C. Intranasal Administration of Carbamazepine-Loaded Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery to the Brain. Asian J. Pharm. Sci. 2018;13:72-81.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ajps.2017.09.001

  150. 150.

    Sunena, Singh S.K., Mishra D.N. Nose to Brain Delivery of Galantamine Loaded Nanoparticles: In-Vivo Pharmacodynamic and Biochemical Study in Mice. Curr. Drug Deliv. 2018;16:51-58.

    Not in our library10.2174/1567201815666181004094707

  151. 151.

    Cortés H., Alcalá-Alcalá S., Caballero-Florán I.H., Bernal-Chávez S.A., Ávalos-Fuentes A., González-Torres M., González-Del Carmen M., Figueroa-González G., Reyes-Hernández O.D., Floran B., et al. A Reevaluation of Chitosan-Decorated Nanoparticles to Cross the Blood-Brain Barrier. Membranes. 2020;10:212.

    Not in our library10.3390/membranes10090212

  152. 152.

    Bruinsmann F., Pigana S., Aguirre T., Souto G., Pereira G., Bianchera A., Fasiolo L., Colombo G., Marques M., Pohlmann A., et al. Chitosan-Coated Nanoparticles: Effect of Chitosan Molecular Weight on Nasal Transmucosal Delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11:86.

    Not in our library10.3390/pharmaceutics11020086

  153. 153.

    Chatzitaki A.T., Jesus S., Karavasili C., Andreadis D., Fatouros D.G., Borges O. Chitosan-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles for the Nasal Delivery of Ropinirole Hydrochloride: In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety. Int. J. Pharm. 2020;589:119776.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119776

  154. 154.

    El-Enin H.A.A., Elkomy M.H., Naguib I.A., Ahmed M.F., Alsaidan O.A., Alsalahat I., Ghoneim M.M., Eid H.M. Lipid Nanocarriers Overlaid with Chitosan for Brain Delivery of Berberine via the Nasal Route. Pharmaceuticals. 2022;15:281.

    Not in our library10.3390/ph15030281

  155. 155.

    Gartziandia O., Egusquiaguirre S.P., Bianco J., Pedraz J.L., Igartua M., Hernandez R.M., Préat V., Beloqui A. Nanoparticle Transport across in Vitro Olfactory Cell Monolayers. Int. J. Pharm. 2016;499:81-89.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.12.046

  156. 156.

    Nimi T., Manohar D. An overview on in situ nasal gel for drug delivery. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 2019;11:2585-2589.

    Not in our library

  157. 157.

    Ravi P.R., Aditya N., Patil S., Cherian L. Nasal in-Situ Gels for Delivery of Rasagiline Mesylate: Improvement in Bioavailability and Brain Localization. Drug Deliv. 2015;22:903-910.

    Not in our library10.3109/10717544.2013.860501

  158. 158.

    Abouhussein D.M.N., Khattab A., Bayoumi N.A., Mahmoud A.F., Sakr T.M. Brain Targeted Rivastigmine Mucoadhesive Thermosensitive In Situ Gel: Optimization, In Vitro Evaluation, Radiolabeling, In Vivo Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2018;43:129-140.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jddst.2017.09.021

  159. 159.

    Bahmanpour A., Ghaffari M., Milan P.B., Moztarzadeh F., Mozafari M. Synthesis and Characterization of Thermosensitive Hydrogel Based on Quaternized Chitosan for Intranasal Delivery of Insulin. Biotechnol. Appl. Biochem. 2021;68:247-256.

    Not in our library10.1002/bab.1917

  160. 160.

    Taymouri S., Minaiyan M., Ebrahimi F., Tavakoli N. In-vitro and In-vivo Evaluation of Chitosan-based Thermosensitive Gel Containing Lorazepam NLCs for the Treatment of Status Epilepticus. IET Nanobiotechnol. 2020;14:148-154.

    Not in our library10.1049/iet-nbt.2019.0156

  161. 161.

    Gholizadeh H., Messerotti E., Pozzoli M., Cheng S., Traini D., Young P., Kourmatzis A., Caramella C., Ong H.X. Application of a Thermosensitive In Situ Gel of Chitosan-Based Nasal Spray Loaded with Tranexamic Acid for Localised Treatment of Nasal Wounds. AAPS Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2019;20:299.

    Not in our library10.1208/s12249-019-1517-6

  162. 162.

    Su Y., Sun B., Gao X., Liu S., Hao R., Han B. Chitosan Hydrogel Doped with PEG-PLA Nanoparticles for the Local Delivery of MiRNA-146a to Treat Allergic Rhinitis. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12:907.

    Not in our library10.3390/pharmaceutics12100907

  163. 163.
  164. 164.

    Ahmad E., Feng Y., Qi J., Fan W., Ma Y., He H., Xia F., Dong X., Zhao W., Lu Y., et al. Evidence of Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Nanoemulsions: Cargoes but Not Vehicles. Nanoscale. 2017;9:1174-1183.

    Not in our library10.1039/c6nr07581a

  165. 165.

    Bahadur S., Pardhi D.M., Rautio J., Rosenholm J.M., Pathak K. Intranasal Nanoemulsions for Direct Nose-to-Brain Delivery of Actives for CNS Disorders. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12:1230.

    Not in our library10.3390/pharmaceutics12121230

  166. 166.

    Bahadur S., Pathak K. Buffered Nanoemulsion for Nose to Brain Delivery of Ziprasidone Hydrochloride: Preformulation and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation. Curr. Drug Deliv. 2012;9:596-607.

    Not in our library10.2174/156720112803529792

  167. 167.

    Sood S., Jain K., Gowthamarajan K. Optimization of Curcumin Nanoemulsion for Intranasal Delivery Using Design of Experiment and Its Toxicity Assessment. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2014;113:330-337.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.030

  168. 168.

    Abdou E.M., Kandil S.M., Miniawy H.M.F.E. Brain Targeting Efficiency of Antimigrain Drug Loaded Mucoadhesive Intranasal Nanoemulsion. Int. J. Pharm. 2017;529:667-677.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.030

  169. 169.

    Fachel F.N.S., Michels L.R., Azambuja J.H., Lenz G.S., Gelsleichter N.E., Endres M., Scholl J.N., Schuh R.S., Barschak A.G., Figueiró F., et al. Chitosan-Coated Rosmarinic Acid Nanoemulsion Nasal Administration Protects against LPS-Induced Memory Deficit, Neuroinflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats. Neurochem. Int. 2020;141:104875.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104875

  170. 170.

    Shukr M.H., Farid O.A.A. Brain Targeting of Agomelatine Egg Lecithin Based Chitosan Coated Nanoemulsion. Pharm. Dev. Technol. 2021;26:464-475.

    Not in our library10.1080/10837450.2021.1888980

  171. 171.

    Ahmed S., Gull A., Aqil M., Danish A.M., Sultana Y. Poloxamer-407 Thickened Lipid Colloidal System of Agomelatine for Brain Targeting: Characterization, Brain Pharmacokinetic Study and Behavioral Study on Wistar Rats. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2019;181:426-436.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.05.016

  172. 172.

    Ahmad N., Ahmad R., Ahmad F.J., Ahmad W., Alam M.A., Amir M., Ali A. Poloxamer-Chitosan-Based Naringenin Nanoformulation Used in Brain Targeting for the Treatment of Cerebral Ischemia. Saudi J. Biol. Sci. 2020;27:500-517.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.008

  173. 173.

    Gaudana R., Ananthula H.K., Parenky A., Mitra A.K. Ocular Drug Delivery. AAPS J. 2010;12:348-360.

    Not in our library10.1208/s12248-010-9183-3

  174. 174.

    Zhang J., Jiao J., Niu M., Gao X., Zhang G., Yu H., Yang X., Liu L. Ten Years of Knowledge of Nano-Carrier Based Drug Delivery Systems in Ophthalmology: Current Evidence, Challenges, and Future Prospective. Int. J. Nanomed. 2021;16:6497-6530.

    Not in our library10.2147/ijn.s329831

  175. 175.

    Irimia T., Dinu-Pîrvu C.E., Ghica M., Lupuleasa D., Muntean D.L., Udeanu D., Popa L. Chitosan-Based In Situ Gels for Ocular Delivery of Therapeutics: A State-of-the-Art Review. Mar. Drugs. 2018;16:373.

    Not in our library10.3390/md16100373

  176. 176.

    Pontillo A.R.N., Detsi A. Nanoparticles for Ocular Drug Delivery: Modified and Non-Modified Chitosan as a Promising Biocompatible Carrier. Nanomedicine. 2019;14:1889-1909.

    Not in our library10.2217/nnm-2019-0040

  177. 177.

    Paliwal R., Paliwal S.R., Sulakhiya K., Kurmi B.D., Kenwat R., Mamgain A. Chitosan-Based Nanocarriers for Ophthalmic Applications. Polysaccharide Carriers for Drug Delivery. 2019;79-104.

    Not in our library

  178. 178.
  179. 179.
  180. 180.
  181. 181.

    Manchanda S., Sahoo P.K. Topical Delivery of Acetazolamide by Encapsulating in Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles. Asian J. Pharm. Sci. 2017;12:550-557.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ajps.2017.04.005

  182. 182.

    Shinde U.A., Joshi P.N., Jain D.D., Singh K. Preparation and Evaluation of N-Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles of Flurbiprofen for Ocular Delivery. Curr. Eye Res. 2019;44:575-582.

    Not in our library10.1080/02713683.2019.1567793

  183. 183.

    Zhao R., Li J., Wang J., Yin Z., Zhu Y., Liu W. Development of Timolol-Loaded Galactosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Potential for Ocular Drug Delivery. AAPS Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2017;18:997-1008.

    Not in our library10.1208/s12249-016-0669-x

  184. 184.

    Yu A., Shi H., Liu H., Bao Z., Dai M., Lin D., Lin D., Xu X., Li X., Wang Y. Mucoadhesive Dexamethasone-Glycol Chitosan Nanoparticles for Ophthalmic Drug Delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 2020;575:118943.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118943

  185. 185.

    Chhonker Y.S., Prasad Y.D., Chandasana H., Vishvkarma A., Mitra K., Shukla P.K., Bhatta R.S. Amphotericin-B Entrapped Lecithin/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Prolonged Ocular Application. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2015;72:1451-1458.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.014

  186. 186.
  187. 187.

    Taghe S., Mirzaeei S. Preparation and Characterization of Novel, Mucoadhesive Ofloxacin Nanoparticles for Ocular Drug Delivery. Braz. J. Pharm. Sci. 2019;55:e17105.

    Not in our library10.1590/s2175-97902019000117105

  188. 188.

    Silva B., Marto J., Braz B.S., Delgado E., Almeida A.J., Gonçalves L. New Nanoparticles for Topical Ocular Delivery of Erythropoietin. Int. J. Pharm. 2020;576:119020.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119020

  189. 189.

    Pandit J., Sultana Y., Aqil M. Chitosan-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles of Bevacizumab as Novel Drug Delivery to Target Retina: Optimization, Characterization, and in Vitro Toxicity Evaluation. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol. 2017;45:1397-1407.

    Not in our library10.1080/21691401.2016.1243545

  190. 190.

    Dandamudi M., McLoughlin P., Behl G., Rani S., Coffey L., Chauhan A., Kent D., Fitzhenry L. Chitosan-Coated PLGA Nanoparticles Encapsulating Triamcinolone Acetonide as a Potential Candidate for Sustained Ocular Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13:1590.

    Not in our library10.3390/pharmaceutics13101590

  191. 191.

    Xing Y., Zhu L., Zhang K., Li T., Huang S. Nanodelivery of Triamcinolone Acetonide with PLGA-Chitosan Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Ocular Inflammation. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol. 2021;49:308-316.

    Not in our library10.1080/21691401.2021.1895184

  192. 192.

    Selvaraj K., Kuppusamy G., Krishnamurthy J., Mahalingam R., Singh S.K., Gulati M. Repositioning of Itraconazole for the Management of Ocular Neovascularization Through Surface-Modified Nanostructured Lipid Carriers. ASSAY Drug Dev. Technol. 2019;17:178-190.

    Not in our library10.1089/adt.2018.898

  193. 193.

    Li J., Jin X., Yang Y., Zhang L., Liu R., Li Z. Trimethyl Chitosan Nanoparticles for Ocular Baicalein Delivery: Preparation, Optimization, in Vitro Evaluation, in Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study and Molecular Dynamics Simulation. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020;156:749-761.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.115

  194. 194.

    Shahab M.S., Rizwanullah M., Alshehri S., Imam S.S. Optimization to Development of Chitosan Decorated Polycaprolactone Nanoparticles for Improved Ocular Delivery of Dorzolamide: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and Toxicity Assessments. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020;163:2392-2404.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.185

  195. 195.

    Tan G., Yu S., Pan H., Li J., Liu D., Yuan K., Yang X., Pan W. Bioadhesive Chitosan-Loaded Liposomes: A More Efficient and Higher Permeable Ocular Delivery Platform for Timolol Maleate. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017;94:355-363.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.035

  196. 196.

    Li J., Cheng T., Tian Q., Cheng Y., Zhao L., Zhang X., Qu Y. A More Efficient Ocular Delivery System of Triamcinolone Acetonide as Eye Drop to the Posterior Segment of the Eye. Drug Deliv. 2019;26:188-198.

    Not in our library10.1080/10717544.2019.1571122

  197. 197.

    Khalil M., Hashmi U., Riaz R., Rukh Abbas S. Chitosan Coated Liposomes (CCL) Containing Triamcinolone Acetonide for Sustained Delivery: A Potential Topical Treatment for Posterior Segment Diseases. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020;143:483-491.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.256

  198. 198.

    Wu Y., Liu Y., Li X., Kebebe D., Zhang B., Ren J., Lu J., Li J., Du S., Liu Z. Research Progress of In-Situ Gelling Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System. Asian J. Pharm. Sci. 2019;14:1-15.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ajps.2018.04.008

  199. 199.

    Al-Kinani A.A., Zidan G., Elsaid N., Seyfoddin A., Alani A.W.G., Alany R.G. Ophthalmic Gels: Past, Present and Future. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 2018;126:113-126.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.addr.2017.12.017

  200. 200.

    Gupta S. Carbopol/Chitosan Based PH Triggered In Situ Gelling System for Ocular Delivery of Timolol Maleate. Sci. Pharm. 2010;78:959-976.

    Not in our library10.3797/scipharm.1001-06

  201. 201.

    Tsai C.Y., Woung L.C., Yen J.C., Tseng P.C., Chiou S.H., Sung Y.J., Liu K.T., Cheng Y.H. Thermosensitive Chitosan-Based Hydrogels for Sustained Release of Ferulic Acid on Corneal Wound Healing. Carbohydr. Polym. 2016;135:308-315.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.08.098

  202. 202.

    Cheng Y., Chang Y., Ko Y., Liu C.J. Sustained Release of Levofloxacin from Thermosensitive Chitosan-based Hydrogel for the Treatment of Postoperative Endophthalmitis. J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater. 2020;108:8-13.

    Not in our library10.1002/jbm.b.34359

  203. 203.

    Deepthi S., Jose J. Novel Hydrogel-Based Ocular Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Conjunctivitis. Int. Ophthalmol. 2019;39:1355-1366.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10792-018-0955-6

  204. 204.

    Kashikar V., Gonjari I. In Situ Gelling Systems of Ofloxacin: Comparative Performance of in Vivo Precorneal Drainage and Pharmacokinetic Study. Asian J. Pharm. 2013;7:15.

    Not in our library10.4103/0973-8398.110931

  205. 205.

    Gupta H., Velpandian T., Jain S. Ion- and pH-activated novel in-situ gel system for sustained ocular drug delivery. J. Drug Target. 2010;18:499-505.

    Not in our library10.3109/10611860903508788

  206. 206.

    Gupta H., Aqil M., Khar R., Ali A., Bhatnagar A., Mittal G. An Alternative in Situ Gel-Formulation of Levofloxacin Eye Drops for Prolong Ocular Retention. J. Pharm. Bioallied Sci. 2015;7:9.

    Not in our library10.4103/0975-7406.149810

  207. 207.

    Ameeduzzafar, Imam S.S., Bukhari S.N.A., Ali A. Preparation and Evaluation of Novel Chitosan: Gelrite Ocular System Containing Besifloxacin for Topical Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis: Scintigraphy, Ocular Irritation and Retention Assessment. Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol. 2018;46:959-967.

    Not in our library10.1080/21691401.2017.1349779

  208. 208.

    Ameeduzzafar, Imam S.S., Bukhari S.N.A., Ahmad J., Ali A. Formulation and Optimization of Levofloxacin Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticle for Ocular Delivery: In-Vitro Characterization, Ocular Tolerance and Antibacterial Activity. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2018;108:650-659.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.170

  209. 209.

    Fabiano A., Bizzarri R., Zambito Y. Thermosensitive Hydrogel Based on Chitosan and Its Derivatives Containing Medicated Nanoparticles for Transcorneal Administration of 5-Fluorouracil. Int. J. Nanomed. 2017;12:633-643.

    Not in our library10.2147/ijn.s121642

  210. 210.

    Fabiano A., Piras A.M., Guazzelli L., Storti B., Bizzarri R., Zambito Y. Impact of Different Mucoadhesive Polymeric Nanoparticles Loaded in Thermosensitive Hydrogels on Transcorneal Administration of 5-Fluorouracil. Pharmaceutics. 2019;11:623.

    Not in our library10.3390/pharmaceutics11120623

  211. 211.

    Ahmed T., Aljaeid B. A Potential in Situ Gel Formulation Loaded with Novel Fabricated Poly (Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles for Enhancing and Sustaining the Ophthalmic Delivery of Ketoconazole. Int. J. Nanomed. 2017;12:1863-1875.

    Not in our library10.2147/ijn.s131850

  212. 212.

    Cheng Y.H., Ko Y.C., Chang Y.F., Huang S.H., Liu C.J. Thermosensitive Chitosan-Gelatin-Based Hydrogel Containing Curcumin-Loaded Nanoparticles and Latanoprost as a Dual-Drug Delivery System for Glaucoma Treatment. Exp. Eye Res. 2019;179:179-187.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.exer.2018.11.017

  213. 213.

    Almeida H., Lobão P., Frigerio C., Fonseca J., Silva R., Quaresma P., Lobo J.M.S., Amaral M.H. Development of Mucoadhesive and Thermosensitive Eyedrops to Improve the Ophthalmic Bioavailability of Ibuprofen. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2016;35:69-80.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jddst.2016.04.010

  214. 214.

    Tan G., Yu S., Li J., Pan W. Development and characterization of nanostructured lipid carriers based chitosan thermosensitive hydrogel for delivery of dexamethasone. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017;103:941-947.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.05.132

  215. 215.

    Abdel-Rashid R.S., Helal D.A., Omar M.M., El Sisi A.M. Nanogel Loaded with Surfactant Based Nanovesicles for Enhanced Ocular Delivery of Acetazolamide. Int. J. Nanomed. 2019;14:2973-2983.

    Not in our library10.2147/ijn.s201891

  216. 216.

    Hua S. Physiological and Pharmaceutical Considerations for Rectal Drug Formulations. Front. Pharmacol. 2019;10:1196.

    Not in our library10.3389/fphar.2019.01196

  217. 217.

    Melo M., Nunes R., Sarmento B., das Neves J. Rectal Administration of Nanosystems: From Drug Delivery to Diagnostics. Mater. Today Chem. 2018;10:128-141.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.mtchem.2018.09.001

  218. 218.

    Xu J., Tam M., Samaei S., Lerouge S., Barralet J., Stevenson M.M., Cerruti M. Mucoadhesive Chitosan Hydrogels as Rectal Drug Delivery Vessels to Treat Ulcerative Colitis. Acta Biomater. 2017;48:247-257.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.actbio.2016.10.026

  219. 219.

    El-Leithy E.S., Shaker D.S., Ghorab M.K., Abdel-Rashid R.S. Evaluation of Mucoadhesive Hydrogels Loaded with Diclofenac Sodium–Chitosan Microspheres for Rectal Administration. AAPS Pharm. Sci. Technol. 2010;11:1695-1702.

    Not in our library10.1208/s12249-010-9544-3

  220. 220.

    Feng C., Li J., Kong M., Liu Y., Cheng X.J., Li Y., Park H.J., Chen X.G. Surface Charge Effect on Mucoadhesion of Chitosan Based Nanogels for Local Anti-Colorectal Cancer Drug Delivery. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2015;128:439-447.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.042

  221. 221.

    Amini-Fazl M.S., Mohammadi R., Kheiri K. 5-Fluorouracil Loaded Chitosan/Polyacrylic Acid/Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanocomposite Hydrogel as a Potential Anticancer Drug Delivery System. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019;132:506-513.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.005

  222. 222.

    Bialik M., Kuras M., Sobczak M., Oledzka E. Achievements in Thermosensitive Gelling Systems for Rectal Administration. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021;22:5500.

    Not in our library10.3390/ijms22115500

  223. 223.

    Patil S.D., Havaldar V., Mali K.K., Dias R.J. Formulation and Characterization of Mucoadhesive Liquid Suppositories Containing Chitosan Based Candesartan Celixitil Loaded Microspheres. Int. J. Sci. Eng. Res. 2017;8:2277-2295.

    Not in our library

  224. 224.

    He W., Du Y., Dai W., Wu Y., Zhang M. Effects OfN-Trimethyl Chitosan Chloride as an Absorption Enhancer on Properties of Insulin Liquid Suppository in Vitro and in Vivo. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2006;99:1140-1146.

    Not in our library10.1002/app.22317

  225. 225.

    du Plessis L.H., Kotzé A.F., Junginger H.E. Nasal and Rectal Delivery of Insulin with Chitosan and N-Trimethyl Chitosan Chloride. Drug Deliv. 2010;17:399-407.

    Not in our library10.3109/10717541003762888

  226. 226.

    Palma E., Costa N., Molinaro R., Francardi M., Paolino D., Cosco D., Fresta M. Improvement of the Therapeutic Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Following Rectal Administration of Mesalazine-Loaded Chitosan Microparticles vs Asamax®. Carbohydr. Polym. 2019;212:430-438.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.02.049

  227. 227.

    Jhundoo H.D., Siefen T., Liang A., Schmidt C., Lokhnauth J., Béduneau A., Pellequer Y., Larsen C.C., Lamprecht A. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Chitosan and 5-Amino Salicylic Acid Combinations in Experimental Colitis. Pharmaceutics. 2020;12:1038.

    Not in our library10.3390/pharmaceutics12111038

  228. 228.

    Tanphaichitr N., Srakaew N., Alonzi R., Kiattiburut W., Kongmanas K., Zhi R., Li W., Baker M., Wang G., Hickling D. Potential Use of Antimicrobial Peptides as Vaginal Spermicides/Microbicides. Pharmaceuticals. 2016;9:13.

    Not in our library10.3390/ph9010013

  229. 229.

    Johal H.S., Garg T., Rath G., Goyal A.K. Advanced Topical Drug Delivery System for the Management of Vaginal Candidiasis. Drug Deliv. 2016;23:550-563.

    Not in our library10.3109/10717544.2014.928760

  230. 230.

    El-Hammadi M.M., Arias J.L. Nanomedicine for Vaginal Drug Delivery. Theory and Applications of Nonparenteral Nanomedicines. 2021;235-257.

    Not in our library

  231. 231.

    Valamla B., Thakor P., Phuse R., Dalvi M., Kharat P., Kumar A., Panwar D., Singh S.B., Giorgia P., Mehra N.K. Engineering Drug Delivery Systems to Overcome the Vaginal Mucosal Barrier: Current Understanding and Research Agenda of Mucoadhesive Formulations of Vaginal Delivery. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2022;70:103162.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103162

  232. 232.

    Osmałek T., Froelich A., Jadach B., Tatarek A., Gadziński P., Falana A., Gralińska K., Ekert M., Puri V., Wrotyńska-Barczyńska J., et al. Recent Advances in Polymer-Based Vaginal Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics. 2021;13:884.

    Not in our library10.3390/pharmaceutics13060884

  233. 233.

    Lalan M.S., Patel V.N., Misra A. Polymers in Vaginal Drug Delivery: Recent Advancements. Applications of Polymers in Drug Delivery. 2021;281-303.

    Not in our library

  234. 234.

    Dedeloudi A., Siamidi A., Pavlou P., Vlachou M. Recent Advances in the Excipients Used in Modified Release Vaginal Formulations. Materials. 2022;11:327.

    Not in our library10.3390/ma15010327

  235. 235.

    Araujo V.H.S., de Souza M.P.C., Carvalho G.C., Duarte J.L., Chorilli M. Chitosan-Based Systems Aimed at Local Application for Vaginal Infections. Carbohydr. Polym. 2021;261:117919.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117919

  236. 236.

    Nayak R., Kar B., Ghosh G., Rath G. Current Trends in Chitosan Based Nanopharmaceuticals for Topical Vaginal Therapies. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2021;193:2140-2152.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045

  237. 237.

    Fitaihi R.A., Aleanizy F.S., Elsamaligy S., Mahmoud H.A., Bayomi M.A. Role of Chitosan on Controlling the Characteristics and Antifungal Activity of Bioadhesive Fluconazole Vaginal Tablets. Saudi Pharm. J. 2018;26:151-161.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jsps.2017.12.016

  238. 238.

    Cazorla-Luna R., Martín-Illana A., Notario-Pérez F., Bedoya L.-M., Bermejo P., Ruiz-Caro R., Veiga M.-D. Dapivirine Bioadhesive Vaginal Tablets Based on Natural Polymers for the Prevention of Sexual Transmission of HIV. Polymers. 2019;11:483.

    Not in our library10.3390/polym11030483

  239. 239.

    Paczkowska M., Chanaj-Kaczmarek J., Romaniuk-Drapała A., Rubiś B., Szymanowska D., Kobus-Cisowska J., Szymańska E., Winnicka K., Cielecka-Piontek J. Mucoadhesive Chitosan Delivery System with Chelidonii Herba Lyophilized Extract as a Promising Strategy for Vaginitis Treatment. J. Clin. Med. 2020;9:1208.

    Not in our library10.3390/jcm9041208

  240. 240.

    Sánchez M.T., Ruiz M.A., Castán H., Morales M.E. A Novel Double-Layer Mucoadhesive Tablet Containing Probiotic Strain for Vaginal Administration: Design, Development and Technological Evaluation. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2018;112:63-70.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.006

  241. 241.

    Lupo N., Fodor B., Muhammad I., Yaqoob M., Matuszczak B., Bernkop-Schnürch A. Entirely S-Protected Chitosan: A Promising Mucoadhesive Excipient for Metronidazole Vaginal Tablets. Acta Biomater. 2017;64:106-115.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.actbio.2017.10.014

  242. 242.

    Abilova G.K., Kaldybekov D.B., Irmukhametova G.S., Kazybayeva D.S., Iskakbayeva Z.A., Kudaibergenov S.E., Khutoryanskiy V.V. Chitosan/Poly(2-Ethyl-2-Oxazoline) Films with Ciprofloxacin for Application in Vaginal Drug Delivery. Materials. 2020;13:1709.

    Not in our library10.3390/ma13071709

  243. 243.

    Calvo N.L., Svetaz L.A., Alvarez V.A., Quiroga A.D., Lamas M.C., Leonardi D. Chitosan-Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Tioconazole Films: A Promising Alternative Dosage Form for the Treatment of Vaginal Candidiasis. Int. J. Pharm. 2019;556:181-191.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.011

  244. 244.

    Calvo N.L., Tejada G., Svetaz L.A., Quiroga A.D., Alvarez V.A., Lamas M.C., Leonardi D. Development and Optimization of a New Tioconazole Vaginal Mucoadhesive Film Using an Experimental Design Strategy. Physicochemical and Biological Characterization. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2021;205:114303.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114303

  245. 245.

    Martín-Illana A., Chinarro E., Cazorla-Luna R., Notario-Perez F., Veiga-Ochoa M.D., Rubio J., Tamayo A. Optimized Hydration Dynamics in Mucoadhesive Xanthan-Based Trilayer Vaginal Films for the Controlled Release of Tenofovir. Carbohydr. Polym. 2022;278:118958.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118958

  246. 246.

    Martín-Illana A., Cazorla-Luna R., Notario-Pérez F., Rubio J., Ruiz-Caro R., Tamayo A., Veiga M.D. Eudragit® L100/Chitosan Composite Thin Bilayer Films for Intravaginal PH-Responsive Release of Tenofovir. Int. J. Pharm. 2022;616:121554.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121554

  247. 247.

    Tentor F., Siccardi G., Sacco P., Demarchi D., Marsich E., Almdal K., Bose Goswami S., Boisen A. Long Lasting Mucoadhesive Membrane Based on Alginate and Chitosan for Intravaginal Drug Delivery. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med. 2020;31:25.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10856-020-6359-y

  248. 248.

    dos Santos A.M., Carvalho S.G., Araujo V.H.S., Carvalho G.C., Gremião M.P.D., Chorilli M. Recent Advances in Hydrogels as Strategy for Drug Delivery Intended to Vaginal Infections. Int. J. Pharm. 2020;590:119867.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119867

  249. 249.

    Tian B., Hua S., Tian Y., Liu J. Chemical and Physical Chitosan Hydrogels as Prospective Carriers for Drug Delivery: A Review. J. Mater. Chem. B. 2020;8:10050-10064.

    Not in our library10.1039/d0tb01869d

  250. 250.

    Campos L.M., de Oliveira Lemos A.S., da Cruz L.F., de Freitas Araújo M.G., de Mello Botti G.C.R., Júnior J.L.R., Rocha V.N., Denadai Â.M.L., da Silva T.P., Tavares G.D., et al. Development and in Vivo Evaluation of Chitosan-Gel Containing Mitracarpus Frigidus Methanolic Extract for Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Treatment. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2020;130:110609.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110609

  251. 251.

    Yang I.H., Lin I.E., Chen T.C., Chen Z.Y., Kuan C.Y., Lin J.N., Chou Y.C., Lin F.H. Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of BDDE Crosslinked Chitosan-TGA Hydrogel Encapsulated with Genistein for Vaginal Atrophy. Carbohydr. Polym. 2021;260:117832.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117832

  252. 252.

    Abd Ellah N.H., Abdel-Aleem J.A., Abdo M.N., Abou-Ghadir O.F., Zahran K.M., Hetta H.F. Efficacy of Ketoconazole Gel-Flakes in Treatment of Vaginal Candidiasis: Formulation, in Vitro and Clinical Evaluation. Int. J. Pharm. 2019;567:118472.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118472

  253. 253.

    Malli S., Bories C., Pradines B., Loiseau P.M., Ponchel G., Bouchemal K. In Situ Forming Pluronic® F127/Chitosan Hydrogel Limits Metronidazole Transmucosal Absorption. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2017;112:143-147.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.11.024

  254. 254.

    Argenta D.F., Bernardo B.d.C., Chamorro A.F., Matos P.R., Caon T. Thermosensitive Hydrogels for Vaginal Delivery of Secnidazole as an Approach to Overcome the Systemic Side-Effects of Oral Preparations. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2021;159:105722.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105722

  255. 255.

    Velázquez N.S., Turino L.N., Luna J.A., Mengatto L.N. Progesterone Loaded Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Vaginal Application: Formulation and in Vitro Comparison with Commercial Product. Saudi Pharm. J. 2019;27:1096-1106.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jsps.2019.09.006

  256. 256.

    Shaker D.S., Ismail S., Hamed S., El-Shishtawy E.M. Butoconazole Nitrate Vaginal Sponge: Drug Release and Antifungal Efficacy. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2018;48:274-287.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jddst.2018.09.011

  257. 257.

    Maestrelli F., Jug M., Cirri M., Kosalec I., Mura P. Characterization and Microbiological Evaluation of Chitosan-Alginate Microspheres for Cefixime Vaginal Administration. Carbohydr. Polym. 2018;192:176-183.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.03.054

  258. 258.

    Cirri M., Maestrelli F., Scuota S., Bazzucchi V., Mura P. Development and Microbiological Evaluation of Chitosan and Chitosan-Alginate Microspheres for Vaginal Administration of Metronidazole. Int. J. Pharm. 2021;598:120375.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120375

  259. 259.

    Moreno M.A., Gómez-Mascaraque L.G., Arias M., Zampini I.C., Sayago J.E., Ramos L.L.P., Schmeda-Hirschmann G., López-Rubio A., Isla M.I. Electrosprayed Chitosan Microcapsules as Delivery Vehicles for Vaginal Phytoformulations. Carbohydr. Polym. 2018;201:425-437.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.084

  260. 260.

    Meng J., Agrahari V., Ezoulin M.J., Purohit S.S., Zhang T., Molteni A., Dim D., Oyler N.A., Youan B.B.C. Spray-Dried Thiolated Chitosan-Coated Sodium Alginate Multilayer Microparticles for Vaginal HIV Microbicide Delivery. AAPS J. 2017;19:692-702.

    Not in our library10.1208/s12248-016-0007-y

  261. 261.

    Szymanska E., Czarnomysy R., Jacyna J., Basa A., Wilczewska A.Z., Markuszewski M., Winnicka K. Could Spray-Dried Microbeads with Chitosan Glutamate Be Considered as Promising Vaginal Microbicide Carriers? The Effect of Process Variables on the in Vitro Functional and Physicochemical Characteristics. Int. J. Pharm. 2019;568:118558.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118558

  262. 262.

    Rossi S., Vigani B., Puccio A., Bonferoni M., Sandri G., Ferrari F. Chitosan Ascorbate Nanoparticles for the Vaginal Delivery of Antibiotic Drugs in Atrophic Vaginitis. Mar. Drugs. 2017;15:319.

    Not in our library10.3390/md15100319

  263. 263.

    Amaral A.C., Saavedra P.H.V., Oliveira Souza A.C., de Melo M.T., Tedesco A.C., Morais P.C., Soares Felipe M.S., Bocca A.L. Miconazole Loaded Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Local Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Fungal Infections. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2019;174:409-415.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.048

  264. 264.

    Fernandes Costa A., Evangelista Araujo D., Santos Cabral M., Teles Brito I., Borges de Menezes Leite L., Pereira M., Correa Amaral A. Development, Characterization, and in Vitro–in Vivo Evaluation of Polymeric Nanoparticles Containing Miconazole and Farnesol for Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Med. Mycol. 2019;57:52-62.

    Not in our library10.1093/mmy/myx155

  265. 265.

    Facchinatto W.M., Galante J., Mesquita L., Silva D.S., Martins dos Santos D., Moraes T.B., Campana-Filho S.P., Colnago L.A., Sarmento B., das Neves J. Clotrimazole-Loaded N-(2-Hydroxy)-Propyl-3-Trimethylammonium, O-Palmitoyl Chitosan Nanoparticles for Topical Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Acta Biomater. 2021;125:312-321.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.029

  266. 266.

    Malli S., Bories C., Bourge M., Loiseau P., Bouchemal K. Surface-Dependent Endocytosis of Poly (Isobutylcyanoacrylate) Nanoparticles by Trichomonas Vaginalis. Int. J. Pharm. 2018;548:276-287.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.07.006

  267. 267.

    Arias L.S., Pessan J.P., de Souza Neto F.N., Lima B.H.R., de Camargo E.R., Ramage G., Delbem A.C.B., Monteiro D.R. Novel Nanocarrier of Miconazole Based on Chitosan-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Nanotherapy to Fight Candida Biofilms. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2020;192:111080.

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    Martínez-Pérez B., Quintanar-Guerrero D., Tapia-Tapia M., Cisneros-Tamayo R., Zambrano-Zaragoza M.L., Alcalá-Alcalá S., Mendoza-Muñoz N., Piñón-Segundo E. Controlled-Release Biodegradable Nanoparticles: From Preparation to Vaginal Applications. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2018;115:185-195.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejps.2017.11.029

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    Marciello M., Rossi S., Caramella C., Remuñán-López C. Freeze-Dried Cylinders Carrying Chitosan Nanoparticles for Vaginal Peptide Delivery. Carbohydr. Polym. 2017;170:43-51.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.04.051

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    Deshkar S., Sikchi S., Thakre A., Kale R. Poloxamer Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles for Vaginal Delivery of Acyclovir. Pharm. Nanotechnol. 2021;9:141-156.

    Not in our library10.2174/2211738508666210108121541

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    Arumugam G., Rajendran R. Callophycin A Loaded Chitosan and Spicules Based Nanocomposites as an Alternative Strategy to Overcome Vaginal Candidiasis. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020;161:656-665.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.119

  272. 272.

    Ulubayram K., Calamak S., Shahbazi R., Eroglu I. Nanofibers Based Antibacterial Drug Design, Delivery and Applications. Curr. Pharm. Des. 2015;21:1930-1943.

    Not in our library10.2174/1381612821666150302151804

  273. 273.

    Zupančič Š., Potrč T., Baumgartner S., Kocbek P., Kristl J. Formulation and Evaluation of Chitosan/Polyethylene Oxide Nanofibers Loaded with Metronidazole for Local Infections. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2016;95:152-160.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejps.2016.10.030

  274. 274.

    Meng J., Agrahari V., Ezoulin M.J., Zhang C., Purohit S.S., Molteni A., Dim D., Oyler N.A., Youan B.B.C. Tenofovir Containing Thiolated Chitosan Core/Shell Nanofibers: In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluations. Mol. Pharm. 2016;13:4129-4140.

    Not in our library10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00739

  275. 275.

    dos Santos T.C., Hernández R., Rescignano N., Boff L., Reginatto F.H., Simões C.M.O., de Campos A.M., Mijangos C. Nanocomposite Chitosan Hydrogels Based on PLGA Nanoparticles as Potential Biomedical Materials. Eur. Polym. J. 2018;99:456-463.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.039

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    Peers S., Montembault A., Ladavière C. Chitosan Hydrogels Incorporating Colloids for Sustained Drug Delivery. Carbohydr. Polym. 2022;275:118689.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118689

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    Yang T.T., Cheng Y.Z., Qin M., Wang Y.H., Yu H.L., Wang A.L., Zhang W.F. Thermosensitive Chitosan Hydrogels Containing Polymeric Microspheres for Vaginal Drug Delivery. BioMed. Res. Int. 2017;2017:3564060.

    Not in our library10.1155/2017/3564060

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    Algharib S.A., Dawood A., Zhou K., Chen D., Li C., Meng K., Maa M.K., Ahmed S., Huang L., Xie S. Designing, Structural Determination and Biological Effects of Rifaximin Loaded Chitosan- Carboxymethyl Chitosan Nanogel. Carbohydr. Polym. 2020;248:116782.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116782

  279. 279.

    Frank L.A., Chaves P.S., D’Amore C.M., Contri R.V., Frank A.G., Beck R.C.R., Pohlmann A.R., Buffon A., Guterres S.S. The Use of Chitosan as Cationic Coating or Gel Vehicle for Polymeric Nanocapsules: Increasing Penetration and Adhesion of Imiquimod in Vaginal Tissue. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2017;114:202-212.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.01.021

  280. 280.

    Zhang Y., Miyamoto Y., Ihara S., Yang J.Z., Zuill D.E., Angsantikul P., Zhang Q., Gao W., Zhang L., Eckmann L. Composite Thermoresponsive Hydrogel with Auranofin-Loaded Nanoparticles for Topical Treatment of Vaginal Trichomonad Infection. Adv. Ther. 2019;2:1900157.

    Not in our library10.1002/adtp.201900157

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    dos Santos M.K., Kreutz T., Danielli L.J., De Marchi J.G.B., Pippi B., Koester L.S., Fuentefria A.M., Limberger R.P. A chitosan hydrogel-thickened nanoemulsion containing Pelargonium graveolens essential oil for treatment of vaginal candidia-sis. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2020;56:101527.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101527

  282. 282.

    Tuğcu-Demiröz F., Saar S., Kara A.A., Yıldız A., Tunçel E., Acartürk F. Development and Characterization of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded Nanofiber Hybrid System for Vaginal Controlled Release of Benzydamine. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci. 2021;161:105801.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105801

  283. 283.

    Andersen T., Mishchenko E., Flaten G., Sollid J., Mattsson S., Tho I., Škalko-Basnet N. Chitosan-Based Nanomedicine to Fight Genital Candida Infections: Chitosomes. Mar. Drugs. 2017;15:64.

    Not in our library10.3390/md15030064

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    Berginc K., Suljaković S., Škalko-Basnet N., Kristl A. Mucoadhesive Liposomes as New Formulation for Vaginal Delivery of Curcumin. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2014;87:40-46.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.02.006

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  286. 286.

    Rodero C.F., Fioramonti Calixto G.M., Cristina dos Santos K., Sato M.R., Aparecido dos Santos Ramos M., Miró M.S., Rodríguez E., Vigezzi C., Bauab T.M., Sotomayor C.E., et al. Curcumin-Loaded Liquid Crystalline Systems for Controlled Drug Release and Improved Treatment of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Mol. Pharm. 2018;15:4491-4504.

    Not in our library10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00507

  287. 287.

    Victorelli F.D., Calixto G.M.F., dos Santos K.C., Buzzá H.H., Chorilli M. Curcumin-Loaded Polyethyleneimine and Chitosan Polymer-Based Mucoadhesive Liquid Crystalline Systems as a Potential Platform in the Treatment of Cervical Cancer. J. Mol. Liq. 2021;325:115080.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115080

  288. 288.

    Othman S.I., Alturki A.M., Abu-Taweel G.M., Altoom N.G., Allam A.A., Abdelmonem R. Chitosan for Biomedical Applications, Promising Antidiabetic Drug Delivery System, and New Diabetes Mellitus Treatment Based on Stem Cell. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2021;190:417-432.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.154

  289. 289.

    Padhi S., Behera A., Hasnain M.S., Nayak A.K. Uses of Chitosan in Drug Delivery. Chitosan in Biomedical Applications. 2022;139-162.

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    de Souza M.P.C., Sábio R.M., Ribeiro T.C., Santos A.M.D., Meneguin A.B., Chorilli M. Highlighting the Impact of Chitosan on the Development of Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020;159:804-822.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.104

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    Modi J., Joshi G., Sawant K. Chitosan Based Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles of Ketoconazole for Bioavailability Enhancement: Formulation, Optimization, in Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2013;39:540-547.

    Not in our library10.3109/03639045.2012.666978

  292. 292.

    Arora S., Gupta S., Narang R.K., Budhiraja R.D. Amoxicillin Loaded Chitosan–Alginate Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanoparticles as Mucopenetrating Delivery System for H. Pylori. Sci. Pharm. 2011;79:5.

    Not in our library10.3797/scipharm.1011-05

  293. 293.

    Praveen R., Prasad Verma P.R., Venkatesan J., Yoon D.H., Kim S.K., Singh S.K. In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Gastro-Retentive Carvedilol Loaded Chitosan Beads Using GastroplusTM. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2017;102:642-650.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.04.067

  294. 294.

    Darbasizadeh B., Motasadizadeh H., Foroughi-Nia B., Farhadnejad H. Tripolyphosphate-Crosslinked Chitosan/Poly (Ethylene Oxide) Electrospun Nanofibrous Mats as a Floating Gastro-Retentive Delivery System for Ranitidine Hydrochloride. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2018;153:63-75.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jpba.2018.02.023

  295. 295.

    Das S.S., Kar S., Singh S.K., Verma P.R.P., Hussain A., Beg S. Chitosan-Based Systems for Oral Drug Delivery Applications. Chitosan in Drug Delivery. 2022;23-53.

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    Calinescu C., Mondovi B., Federico R., Ispas-Szabo P., Mateescu M.A. Carboxymethyl Starch: Chitosan Monolithic Matrices Containing Diamine Oxidase and Catalase for Intestinal Delivery. Int. J. Pharm. 2012;428:48-56.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.02.032

  297. 297.

    Millotti G., Laffleur F., Perera G., Vigl C., Pickl K., Sinner F., Bernkop-Schnürch A. In Vivo Evaluation of Thiolated Chitosan Tablets for Oral Insulin Delivery. J. Pharm. Sci. 2014;103:3165-3170.

    Not in our library10.1002/jps.24102

  298. 298.
  299. 299.

    Giacomello E., Sava G., Vita F., Delhom N., Mahl P., Bergamo A. Chitosan-Coated Alginate Micro-Particles Delivery of Active Principles through Conventional Pelleted Food–A Study in Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus). Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020;165:82-92.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.162

  300. 300.

    Nisar S., Pandit A.H., Nadeem M., Pandit A.H., Rizvi M.M.A., Rattan S. γ-Radiation Induced L-Glutamic Acid Grafted Highly Porous, PH-Responsive Chitosan Hydrogel Beads: A Smart and Biocompatible Vehicle for Controlled Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2021;182:37-50.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.134

  301. 301.

    Jing H., Huang X., Du X., Mo L., Ma C., Wang H. Facile Synthesis of PH-Responsive Sodium Alginate/Carboxymethyl Chitosan Hydrogel Beads Promoted by Hydrogen Bond. Carbohydr. Polym. 2022;278:118993.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118993

  302. 302.

    Kim J.U., Shahbaz H.M., Lee H., Kim T., Yang K., Roh Y.H., Park J. Optimization of Phytic Acid-Crosslinked Chitosan Microspheres for Oral Insulin Delivery Using Response Surface Methodology. Int. J. Pharm. 2020;588:119736.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119736

  303. 303.

    Jafari Z., Rad A.S., Baharfar R., Asghari S., Esfahani M.R. Synthesis and Application of Chitosan/Tripolyphosphate/Graphene Oxide Hydrogel as a New Drug Delivery System for Sumatriptan Succinate. J. Mol. Liq. 2020;315:113835.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113835

  304. 304.

    Yang J., Chen J., Pan D., Wan Y., Wang Z. PH-Sensitive Interpenetrating Network Hydrogels Based on Chitosan Derivatives and Alginate for Oral Drug Delivery. Carbohydr. Polym. 2013;92:719-725.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.09.036

  305. 305.

    Wang Y., Wang J., Yuan Z., Han H., Li T., Li L., Guo X. Chitosan Cross-Linked Poly (Acrylic Acid) Hydrogels: Drug Release Control and Mechanism. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces. 2017;152:252-259.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.01.008

  306. 306.

    Lv X., Zhang W., Liu Y., Zhao Y., Zhang J., Hou M. Hygroscopicity Modulation of Hydrogels Based on Carboxymethyl Chitosan/Alginate Polyelectrolyte Complexes and Its Application as PH-Sensitive Delivery System. Carbohydr. Polym. 2018;198:86-93.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.058

  307. 307.

    Wang M., Zang Y., Hong K., Zhao X., Yu C., Liu D., An Z., Wang L., Yue W., Nie G. Preparation of PH-Sensitive Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Chitosan/Alginate Hydrogel Beads with Reticulated Shell Structure to Deliver Bacillus Subtilis Natto. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2021;192:684-691.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.019

  308. 308.

    Sun X., Shen J., Yu D., Ouyang X. Preparation of PH-Sensitive Fe3O4@C/Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Chitosan Composite Beads for Diclofenac Sodium Delivery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019;127:594-605.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.01.191

  309. 309.

    Karzar Jeddi M., Mahkam M. Magnetic Nano Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Alginate/Chitosan Hydrogel Beads as Biodegradable Devices for Controlled Drug Delivery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2019;135:829-838.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.05.210

  310. 310.

    Lemos T.S.A., de Souza J.F., Fajardo A.R. Magnetic Microspheres Based on Pectin Coated by Chitosan towards Smart Drug Release. Carbohydr. Polym. 2021;265:118013.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118013

  311. 311.

    Huang J., Wang Q., Chu L., Xia Q. Liposome-Chitosan Hydrogel Bead Delivery System for the Encapsulation of Linseed Oil and Quercetin: Preparation and in Vitro Characterization Studies. LWT. 2020;117:108615.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108615

  312. 312.

    Manna S., Banerjee A., Jana S., Bhowmik M. Chitosan-Based Nanoengineered Drug Delivery System. Micro–and Nanoengineered Gum-Based Biomaterials for Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications. 2022;77-95.

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    Leichner C., Jelkmann M., Prüfert F., Laffleur F., Bernkop-Schnürch A. Intestinal Enzyme Delivery: Chitosan/Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles Providing a Targeted Release behind the Mucus Gel Barrier. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2019;144:125-131.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.09.012

  314. 314.

    Joyce P., Wignall A., Peressin K., Wright L., Williams D.B., Prestidge C.A. Chitosan Nanoparticles Facilitate Improved Intestinal Permeation and Oral Pharmacokinetics of the Mast Cell Stabiliser Cromoglycate. Int. J. Pharm. 2022;612:121382.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121382

  315. 315.

    He M., Zhong C., Hu H., Jin Y., Chen Y., Lou K., Gao F. Cyclodextrin/Chitosan Nanoparticles for Oral Ovalbumin Delivery: Preparation, Characterization and Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in Mice. Asian J. Pharm. Sci. 2019;14:193-203.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ajps.2018.04.001

  316. 316.

    Lin C., Kuo T.C., Lin J.C., Ho Y.C., Mi F.L. Delivery of Polysaccharides from Ophiopogon Japonicus (OJPs) Using OJPs/Chitosan/Whey Protein Co-Assembled Nanoparticles to Treat Defective Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2020;160:558-570.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.151

  317. 317.

    Majumdar S., Mandal T., Dasgupta Mandal D. Comparative Performance Evaluation of Chitosan Based Polymeric Microspheres and Nanoparticles as Delivery System for Bacterial β-Carotene Derived from Planococcus Sp. TRC1. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2022;195:384-397.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.167

  318. 318.

    Ghobadi-Oghaz N., Asoodeh A., Mohammadi M. Fabrication, Characterization and in Vitro Cell Exposure Study of Zein-Chitosan Nanoparticles for Co-Delivery of Curcumin and Berberine. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2022;204:576-586.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.041

  319. 319.

    Karimi Jabali M., Allafchian A.R., Jalali S.A.H., Shakeripour H., Mohammadinezhad R., Rahmani F. Design of a PDNA Nanocarrier with Ascorbic Acid Modified Chitosan Coated on Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Gene Delivery. Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2022;632:127743.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127743

  320. 320.

    Arévalo-Pérez R., Maderuelo C., Lanao J.M. Recent Advances in Colon Drug Delivery Systems. J. Control. Release. 2020;327:703-724.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.026

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    McConnell E.L., Murdan S., Basit A.W. An Investigation into the Digestion of Chitosan (Noncrosslinked and Crosslinked) by Human Colonic Bacteria. J. Pharm. Sci. 2008;97:3820-3829.

    Not in our library10.1002/jps.21271

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    Kulkarni N., Jain P., Shindikar A., Suryawanshi P., Thorat N. Advances in the Colon-Targeted Chitosan Based Drug Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Carbohydr. Polym. 2022;288:119351.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119351

  323. 323.

    Kurakula M., Gorityala S., Moharir K. Recent Trends in Design and Evaluation of Chitosan-Based Colon Targeted Drug Delivery Systems: Update 2020. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol. 2021;64:102579.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102579

  324. 324.

    Padhi S., Behera A., Hasnain M.S., Nayak A.K. Chitosan in Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery. Chitosan in Drug Delivery. 2022;107-132.

    Not in our library

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    Hoang H.T., Jo S.H., Phan Q.T., Park H., Park S.H., Oh C.W., Lim K.T. Dual PH-/Thermo-Responsive Chitosan-Based Hydrogels Prepared Using “Click” Chemistry for Colon-Targeted Drug Delivery Applications. Carbohydr. Polym. 2021;260:117812.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117812

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    Maestrelli F., Cirri M., Mennini N., Bragagni M., Zerrouk N., Mura P. Influence of Cross-Linking Agent Type and Chitosan Content on the Performance of Pectinate-Chitosan Beads Aimed for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm. 2012;38:1142-1151.

    Not in our library10.3109/03639045.2011.641566

  327. 327.

    Mennini N., Furlanetto S., Cirri M., Mura P. Quality by Design Approach for Developing Chitosan-Ca-Alginate Microspheres for Colon Delivery of Celecoxib-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin-PVP Complex. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2012;80:67-75.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.08.002

  328. 328.

    Jin M., Li S., Wu Y., Li D., Han Y. Construction of Chitosan/Alginate Nano-Drug Delivery System for Improving Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice. Nanomaterials. 2021;11:1884.

    Not in our library10.3390/nano11081884

  329. 329.

    Wang Q.S., Wang G.F., Zhou J., Gao L.N., Cui Y.L. Colon Targeted Oral Drug Delivery System Based on Alginate-Chitosan Microspheres Loaded with Icariin in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis. Int. J. Pharm. 2016;515:176-185.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.10.002

  330. 330.

    Tekie F.S.M., Soleimani M., Zakerian A., Dinarvand M., Amini M., Dinarvand R., Arefian E., Atyabi F. Glutathione Responsive Chitosan-Thiolated Dextran Conjugated MiR-145 Nanoparticles Targeted with AS1411 Aptamer for Cancer Treatment. Carbohydr. Polym. 2018;201:131-140.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.08.060

  331. 331.

    Cardoso V.M.d.O., de Brito N.A.P., Ferreira N.N., Boni F.I., Ferreira L.M.B., Carvalho S.G., Gremião M.P.D. Design of Mucoadhesive Gellan Gum and Chitosan Nanoparticles Intended for Colon-Specific Delivery of Peptide Drugs. Colloids Surf. Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 2021;628:127321.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.127321

  332. 332.

    Pandey S., Mishra A., Raval P., Patel H., Gupta A., Shah D. Chitosan–Pectin Polyelectrolyte Complex as a Carrier for Colon Targeted Drug Delivery. J. Young Pharm. 2013;5:160-166.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jyp.2013.11.002

  333. 333.

    Kavianinia I., Plieger P.G., Cave N.J., Gopakumar G., Dunowska M., Kandile N.G., Harding D.R.K. Design and Evaluation of a Novel Chitosan-Based System for Colon-Specific Drug Delivery. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 2016;85:539-546.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.01.003

  334. 334.

    Leonida M., Ispas-Szabo P., Mateescu M.A. Self-Stabilized Chitosan and Its Complexes with Carboxymethyl Starch as Excipients in Drug Delivery. Bioact. Mater. 2018;3:334-340.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bioactmat.2018.04.001

  335. 335.

    Ma Y., Thurecht K.J., Coombes A.G.A. Development of Enteric-Coated, Biphasic Chitosan/HPMC Microcapsules for Colon-Targeted Delivery of Anticancer Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles. Int. J. Pharm. 2021;607:121026.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121026

  336. 336.

    Wu D., Zhu L., Li Y., Wang H., Xu S., Zhang X., Wu R., Yang G. Superparamagnetic Chitosan Nanocomplexes for Colorectal Tumor-Targeted Delivery of Irinotecan. Int. J. Pharm. 2020;584:119394.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119394

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    Almeida A., Linares V., Mora-Castaño G., Casas M., Caraballo I., Sarmento B. 3D Printed Systems for Colon-Specific Delivery of Camptothecin-Loaded Chitosan Micelles. Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm. 2021;167:48-56.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.005

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