The Potential of Flavonoids for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), currently affect more than 6 million people in the United States. Unfortunately, there are no treatments that slow or prevent disease development and progression. Regardless of the underlying cause of the disorder, age is the strongest risk factor for developing these maladies, suggesting that changes that occur in the aging brain put it at increased risk for neurodegenerative disease development. Moreover, since there are a number of different changes that occur in the aging brain, it is unlikely that targeting a single change is going to be effective for disease treatment. Thus, compounds that have multiple biological activities that can impact the various age-associated changes in the brain that contribute to neurodegenerative disease development and progression are needed. The plant-derived flavonoids have a wide range of activities that could make them particularly effective for blocking the age-associated toxicity pathways associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, the evidence for beneficial effects of multiple flavonoids in models of AD, PD, HD, and ALS is presented and common mechanisms of action are identified. Overall, the preclinical data strongly support further investigation of specific flavonoids for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

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    Borrell-Pages M., Zala D., Humbert S., Saudou F. Huntington’s disease: From huntingtin function and dysfunction to therapeutic strategies. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2006;63:2642-2660.

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    Gil J.M., Rego A.C. Mechanisms of neurodegeneration in Huntington’s disease. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2008;27:2803-2820.

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     Borlongan C.V., Koutouzis T.K., Sanberg P.R. 3-Nitropropionic acid animal model and Huntington’s disease. Neurosci. Biobehav. Rev. 1997;21:289-293.

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     Thangarajan S., Ramachandran S., Krishnamurthy P. Chrysin exerts neuroprotective effects against 3-nitropropionic acid induced behavioral despair-mitochondrial dysfunction and striatal apoptosis via upregulating Bcl-2 gene and downregulating Bax-Bad gnes in male wistar rats. Biomed. Pharmacother. 2016;84:514-525.

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     Barriga G.G.-D., Giralt A., Anglada-Huguet M., Gaja-Capdevila N., Orlandi J.G., Soriano J., Canals J.-M., Alberch J. 7,8 Dihydroxyflavone ameliorates cognitive and motor deficits in a Huntington’s disease mouse model through specific activation of the PLCγ1 pathway. Hum. Mol. Gen. 2017;26:3144-3160.

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     Maher P., Dargusch R., Bodai L., Gerard P., Purcell J.M., Marsh J.L. ERK activation by the polyphenols fisetin and resveratrol provides neuroprotection in multiple models of Huntington’s disease. Hum. Mol. Gen. 2011;20:261-270.

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     Sandhir R., Mehrotra A. Quercetin supplementation is effective in improving mitochondrial dysfunctions induced by 3-nitropropionic acid: Implications in Huntington’s disease. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 2013;1832:421-430.

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     Chakraborty J., Singh R.J., Dutta D., Naskar A., Rajamma U., Mohanakumar K.P. Quercetin improves behavioral deficiencies, restores astrocytes and microglia, and reduces serotonin metabolism in 3-nitropropionic acid-induced rat model of Huntington’s disease. CNS Neurosci. Ther. 2014;20:10-19.

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     Suganya S.N., Sumathi T. Effect of rutin against a mitochondrial toxin, 3-nitropropionic acid induced biochemical, behavioral and histological alterations-a pilot study on Huntington’s disease model in rats. Metab. Brain Dis. 2017;32:471-481.

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     Lagoa R., Lopez-Sanchez C., Samhan-Arias A.K., Ganan C.M., Garcia-Martinez V., Gutierrez-Merino C. Kaempferol protects against rat striatal degeneration induced by 3-nitropropionic acid. J. Neurochem. 2009;111:473-487.

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     Menze E.T., Tadros M.G., Abdel-Tawab A.M., Khalifa A.E. Potential neuroprotective effects of hesperidin on 3-nitropropionic acid-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Neurotoxicology. 2012;33:1265-1275.

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     Menze E.T., Esmat A., Tadros M.G., Khalifa A.E., Abdel-Naim A.B. Genistein improves sensorimotor gating: Mechanisms related to its neuroprotective effects on the striatum. Neuropharmacology. 2016;105:35-46.

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     Kreilaus F., Spiro A.S., Hannan A.J., Garner B., Jenner A.M. Therapeutic effects of anthocyanins and environmental enrichment in R6/1 Huntongton’s disease mice. J. Huntington’s Dis. 2016;5:285-296.

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     Riancho J., Gil-Bea F.J., Santurtan A., Lopez de Munain A. Amytotrophic lateral sclerosis: A complex syndrome that needs an integrated research approach. Neural Regen. Res. 2019;14:193-196.

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     Lutz C. Mouse models of ALS. Brain Res. 2018;1693:1-10.

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     Ittner L.M., Halliday G.M., Kril J.J., Gotz J., Hodges J.R., Kiernan M.C. FTD and ALS-translating mouse studies into clinical trials. Nat. Rev. Neurol. 2015;11:360-366.

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     Korkmaz O.T., Aytan N., Carreras I., Choi J.-K., Kowall N.W., Jenkins B.G., Dedeoglu A. 7,8 Dihydroxyflavone improves motor performance and enhances lower motor neuronal survival in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurosci. Lett. 2014;566:286-291.

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     Wang T.H., Wang S.Y., Wang X.D., Jiang H.Q., Yang Y.Q., Wang Y., Cheng J.L., Zhang C.T., Liang W.W., Feng H.L. Fisetin exerts antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in mulitple mutant hSOD1 modles of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by activating ERK. Neuroscience. 2018;379:152-166.

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     Xu Z., Chen S., Li X., Luo G., Li L., Le W. Neuroprotective effects of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurochem. Res. 2006;31:1263-1269.

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     Koh S.H., Lee S.M., Kim H.Y., Lee K.Y., Lee Y.J., Kim H.T., Kim J., Kim M.H., Hwang M.S., Song C., et al. The effect of epigallocatechin gallate on suppressing disease progression of ALS model mice. Neurosci. Lett. 2006;395:103-107.

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• Neuroprotective Effects of Quercetin in Alzheimer’s Disease · 2019
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