Microbial Enzymes That Oxidize Hydrocarbons

vents Hydrocarbons are ubiquitous compounds of both natural and anthropogenic origin. Natural sources are derived via biosyn-thesis reactions in bacteria, phytoplankton, plants and fungi (Ladygina et al., 2006), as well as diagenesis and catagene-sis (Horsfield and Rullkotter, 1994). As a result, hydrocarbons are environmentally distributed in microbial mats (Green and Jahnke, 2010), deep subsurface oil reservoirs (Sephton andHazen, 2013), coalbeds (Strąpoc ́ et al., 2011), and natural oil seeps (Kvenvolden and Cooper, 2003). Hydrocarbons are energy-rich biological substrates. However, accessing this energy requires novel enzymes. The metabolic ability of microorganisms to trans-form hydrocarbons is not surprising given that microbes have been exposed to these compounds throughout the course of evo-lution. The coupling of microbial processes and hydrocarbon

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