Editorial: Disease Ecology: Novel Concepts and Methods to Track and Forecast Disease Emergence, Transmission, Spread, and Endemization

species levels of organisation. They illustrate each principal with case studies from a variety of taxa and show how demographic, evolutionary and geographic processes can help determine the ability of hosts to persist with disease. Ultimately, the authors provide a useful synthesis that, for example, can guide wildlife health practitioners and land managers alike to manage disease in wildlife populations.Belsare et al (4) bring out the value of incorporating analytical approaches from other disciplines, which is the heartbeat of disease ecology, to showcase how disease can be managed in a wildlife 2 population. Obanda et al (5) focus on zoonotic disease, anthrax, and exposes some of the abiotic 46 predictors modulating its endemization, and Choi et al (6) further show how host life history traits, such as migration, substantially increase infection rates by Salmonella in barn swallows, which has 48 major implications for pathogen movement. The opinion paper by Campos and Ricardo (7) unravels the adaptations and evolutions of diverse coronaviruses as they spill across human-animal hosts and 50 the consequences of the emergence of novel infectious diseases.Molecular approaches have been increasingly used to characterise and quantify multi-host disease 52 transmission at wildlife-livestock-human interfaces, including the interactions with their microbionts.

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