emm Typing and Validation of Provisional M Types for Group A Streptococci1

Abstract

SynopsesThe Lancefield M-typing system, a typical serologic system based on antigen-antibody reactions, is dependent on the preparation of type-specific antisera and extraction of a protein identified as M protein on the surface of group A streptococci (GAS) (1).The antisera against the M-protein antigens are produced with whole-cell streptococcal vaccines used to immunize rabbits.Acceptable antisera contain specific-precipitin antibodies and type-specific antibodies that must enhance the phagocytosis of the strain used to immunize the rabbit (2,3).The precipitin antibodies are made specific by absorption of the serum with streptococcal cells to remove the carbohydrate group antibodies and any crossreactive precipitin antibody to heterologous M-type strains.Each rabbit antiserum is tested for reaction with antigens of all known M types.Approximately half of GAS strains produce an apoproteinase, an enzyme that causes mammalian serum to increase in opacity.This reaction is called the serum opacity factor reaction, and the responsible enzyme is referred to as opacity factor (OF).The OF enzymes are OF type-specific because each M type that produces OF can induce type-specific OF antibodies that can be used in OF inhibition tests (3,4).Preparation of the OF antisera and specific details of the OF tests are described elsewhere (3,4).Some laboratories have used OF typing to predict M types in epidemiologic investigations.Even though it is not uniformly agreed that OF typing antisera results should be reported as M or provisional M-typing results, anti-OF antisera in many situations predict the M type in a typespecific manner.For reporting purposes, if emm Typing and Validation of Provisional M Types for Group A Streptococci 1

References 11

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Cited by papers we hold 1

• Emergence of a New Highly Successful Acapsular Group A Streptococcus Clade of Genotype emm 89 in the United Kingdom · 2015
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