Skip to content
naulon

No retraction, correction or concern found when last checked on Nov 1, 2026.

Insecticide Resistance and Vector Control

William G. Brogdon, Janet C. McAllister

Emerging Infectious Diseases · 1998 · Review

doi:10.3201/eid0404.980410

Abstract

Insecticide resistance has been a problem in all insect groups that serve as vectors of emerging diseases. Although mechanisms by which insecticides become less effective are similar across all vector taxa, each resistance problem is potentially unique and may involve a complex pattern of resistance foci. The main defense against resistance is close surveillance of the susceptibility of vector populations. We describe the mechanisms of insecticide resistance, as well as specific instances of resistance emergence worldwide, and discuss prospects for resistance management and priorities for detection and surveillance.

References 35

  1. 1.

    Brogdon W. G., Hobbs J. H., St Jean Y., Jacques J. R., Charles L. B. Microplate assay analysis of reduced fenitrothion susceptibility in Haitian Anopheles albimanus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1988;4(2):152-158.

    Not in our library

  2. 2.

    Brogdon W. G., McAllister J. C., Vulule J. Heme peroxidase activity measured in single mosquitoes identifies individuals expressing an elevated oxidase for insecticide resistance. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1997;13(3):233-237.

    Not in our library

  3. 3.

    Cariño F. A., Koener J. F., Plapp F. W., Feyereisen R. Constitutive overexpression of the cytochrome P450 gene CYP6A1 in a house fly strain with metabolic resistance to insecticides. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1994;24(4):411-418.

    Not in our library10.1016/0965-1748(94)90034-5

  4. 4.

    Cheong H., Dhesi R. K., Gill S. S. Marginal cross-resistance to mosquitocidal Bacillus thuringiensis strains in Cry11A-resistant larvae: presence of Cry11A-like toxins in these strains. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1997;153(2):419-424.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb12605.x

  5. 5.

    Cohen M. B., Koener J. F., Feyereisen R. Structure and chromosomal localization of CYP6A1, a cytochrome P450-encoding gene from the house fly. Gene. 1994;146(2):267-272.

    Not in our library10.1016/0378-1119(94)90304-2

  6. 6.

    Daniels T. J., Falco R. C., Schwartz I., Varde S., Robbins R. G. Deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis) and the agents of Lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in a New York City park. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997;3(3):353-355.

    Not in our library10.3201/eid0303.970312

  7. 7.

    Field L. M., Crick S. E., Devonshire A. L. Polymerase chain reaction-based identification of insecticide resistance genes and DNA methylation in the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Insect Mol Biol. 1996;5(3):197-202.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2583.1996.tb00054.x

  8. 8.

    Gratz N. G., Jany W. C. What role for insecticides in vector control programs? Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1994;50(6 Suppl):11-20.

    Not in our library

  9. 9.

    Hayes J. D., Pulford D. J. The glutathione S-transferase supergene family: regulation of GST and the contribution of the isoenzymes to cancer chemoprotection and drug resistance. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 1995;30(6):445-600.

    Not in our library10.3109/10409239509083491

  10. 10.

    Kanda T., Bunnag D., Deesin V., Deesin T., Leemingsawat S., Komalamisra N., Thimasarn K., Sucharit S. Integration of control measures for malaria vectors in endemic areas of Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 1995;26(1):154-163.

    Not in our library

  11. 11.

    Keller M., Sneh B., Strizhov N., Prudovsky E., Regev A., Koncz C., Schell J., Zilberstein A. Digestion of delta-endotoxin by gut proteases may explain reduced sensitivity of advanced instar larvae of Spodoptera littoralis to CryIC. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1996;26(4):365-373.

    Not in our library10.1016/0965-1748(95)00102-6

  12. 12.

    Liu N., Scott J. G. Phenobarbital induction of CYP6D1 is due to a trans acting factor on autosome 2 in house flies, Musca domestica. Insect Mol Biol. 1997;6(1):77-81.

    Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2583.1997.00160.x

  13. 13.

    Maitra S., Dombrowski S. M., Waters L. C., Ganguly R. Three second chromosome-linked clustered Cyp6 genes show differential constitutive and barbital-induced expression in DDT-resistant and susceptible strains of Drosophila melanogaster. Gene. 1996;180(1-2):165-171.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0378-1119(96)00446-5

  14. 14.

    Meslin F. X. Global aspects of emerging and potential zoonoses: a WHO perspective. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997;3(2):223-228.

    Not in our library10.3201/eid0302.970220

  15. 15.

    Miyazaki M., Ohyama K., Dunlap D. Y., Matsumura F. Cloning and sequencing of the para-type sodium channel gene from susceptible and kdr-resistant German cockroaches (Blattella germanica) and house fly (Musca domestica). Mol Gen Genet. 1996;252(1-2):61-68.

    Not in our library

  16. 16.

    Mouches C., Pauplin Y., Agarwal M., Lemieux L., Herzog M., Abadon M., Beyssat-Arnaouty V., Hyrien O., de Saint Vincent B. R., Georghiou G. P. Characterization of amplification core and esterase B1 gene responsible for insecticide resistance in Culex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990;87(7):2574-2578.

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.87.7.2574

  17. 17.

    Newcomb R. D., Campbell P. M., Ollis D. L., Cheah E., Russell R. J., Oakeshott J. G. A single amino acid substitution converts a carboxylesterase to an organophosphorus hydrolase and confers insecticide resistance on a blowfly. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997;94(14):7464-7468.

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.94.14.7464

  18. 18.

    Patil N. S., Lole K. S., Deobagkar D. N. Adaptive larval thermotolerance and induced cross-tolerance to propoxur insecticide in mosquitoes Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti. Med Vet Entomol. 1996;10(3):277-282.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2915.1996.tb00743.x

  19. 19.

    Prapanthadara L. A., Koottathep S., Promtet N., Hemingway J., Ketterman A. J. Purification and characterization of a major glutathione S-transferase from the mosquito Anopheles dirus (species B). Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1996;26(3):277-285.

    Not in our library10.1016/0965-1748(95)00090-9

  20. 20.

    Rao D. R., Mani T. R., Rajendran R., Joseph A. S., Gajanana A., Reuben R. Development of a high level of resistance to Bacillus sphaericus in a field population of Culex quinquefasciatus from Kochi, India. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1995;11(1):1-5.

    Not in our library

  21. 21.

    Raoult D., Roux V., Ndihokubwayo J. B., Bise G., Baudon D., Marte G., Birtles R. Jail fever (epidemic typhus) outbreak in Burundi. Emerg Infect Dis. 1997;3(3):357-360.

    Not in our library10.3201/eid0303.970313

  22. 22.

    Rodcharoen J., Mulla M. S. Cross-resistance to Bacillus sphaericus strains in Culex quinquefasciatus. J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 1996;12(2 Pt 1):247-250.

    Not in our library

  23. 23.

    Rodhain F. Données récentes sur l'épidémiologie de l'encéphalite japonaise. Bull Acad Natl Med. 1996;180(6):1325-1340.

    Not in our library

  24. 24.

    Sanders E. J., Borus P., Ademba G., Kuria G., Tukei P. M., LeDuc J. W. Sentinel surveillance for yellow fever in Kenya, 1993 to 1995. Emerg Infect Dis. 1996;2(3):236-238.

    Not in our library10.3201/eid0203.960314

  25. 25.

    Smoak B. L., McClain J. B., Brundage J. F., Broadhurst L., Kelly D. J., Dasch G. A., Miller R. N. An outbreak of spotted fever rickettsiosis in U.S. Army troops deployed to Botswana. Emerg Infect Dis. 1996;2(3):217-221.

    Not in our library10.3201/eid0203.960309

  26. 26.

    Tabashnik B. E., Malvar T., Liu Y. B., Finson N., Borthakur D., Shin B. S., Park S. H., Masson L., de Maagd R. A., Bosch D. Cross-resistance of the diamondback moth indicates altered interactions with domain II of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1996;62(8):2839-2844.

    Not in our library10.1128/aem.62.8.2839-2844.1996

  27. 27.

    Thompson D. F., Malone J. B., Harb M., Faris R., Huh O. K., Buck A. A., Cline B. L. Bancroftian filariasis distribution and diurnal temperature differences in the southern Nile delta. Emerg Infect Dis. 1996;2(3):234-235.

    Not in our library10.3201/eid0203.960313

  28. 28.

    Tomita T., Liu N., Smith F. F., Sridhar P., Scott J. G. Molecular mechanisms involved in increased expression of a cytochrome P450 responsible for pyrethroid resistance in the housefly, Musca domestica. Insect Mol Biol. 1995;4(3):135-140.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2583.1995.tb00018.x

  29. 29.

    Tomita T., Scott J. G. cDNA and deduced protein sequence of CYP6D1: the putative gene for a cytochrome P450 responsible for pyrethroid resistance in house fly. Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 1995;25(2):275-283.

    Not in our library10.1016/0965-1748(94)00066-q

  30. 30.

    Vais H., Williamson M. S., Hick C. A., Eldursi N., Devonshire A. L., Usherwood P. N. Functional analysis of a rat sodium channel carrying a mutation for insect knock-down resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids. FEBS Lett. 1997;413(2):327-332.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00931-9

  31. 31.

    Vaughan A., Hawkes N., Hemingway J. Co-amplification explains linkage disequilibrium of two mosquito esterase genes in insecticide-resistant Culex quinquefasciatus. Biochem J. 1997;325(Pt 2):359-365.

    Not in our library10.1042/bj3250359

  32. 32.

    Vulule J. M., Beach R. F., Atieli F. K., Roberts J. M., Mount D. L., Mwangi R. W. Reduced susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae to permethrin associated with the use of permethrin-impregnated bednets and curtains in Kenya. Med Vet Entomol. 1994;8(1):71-75.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2915.1994.tb00389.x

  33. 33.

    Williamson M. S., Martinez-Torres D., Hick C. A., Devonshire A. L. Identification of mutations in the housefly para-type sodium channel gene associated with knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroid insecticides. Mol Gen Genet. 1996;252(1-2):51-60.

    Not in our library10.1007/bf02173204

  34. 34.

    Zhou Z. H., Syvanen M. A complex glutathione transferase gene family in the housefly Musca domestica. Mol Gen Genet. 1997;256(2):187-194.

    Not in our library10.1007/s004380050560

  35. 35.

    ffrench-Constant R. H., Steichen J. C., Rocheleau T. A., Aronstein K., Roush R. T. A single-amino acid substitution in a gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor locus is associated with cyclodiene insecticide resistance in Drosophila populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993;90(5):1957-1961.

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.90.5.1957

Cited by papers we hold 11

Reads

Read by people on this page

None yet.

Checked or read by AI through naulon

None yet.

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.

Are you an author?

Is this your paper?

Claim it to add your note and be paid when agents cite it. Free.