Perbuatan Melanggar Hukum Sebagai Unsur Utang Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 37 Tahun 2004

<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OfficeDocumentSettings> <o:TargetScreenSize>800x600</o:TargetScreenSize> </o:OfficeDocumentSettings> </xml><![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">Kepailitan merupakan suatu lembaga bagi para kreditor dalam menagih pengembalian utang terhadap debitor. Hal tersebut biasanya dilakukan apabila pihak debitor dalam hal ini telah dalam keadaan pailit, yaitu suatu keadaan dimana debitor tidak lagi mampu untuk melakukan pembayaran-pembayaran terhadap utang-utang dari para kreditornya. Namun tujuan utama kepailitan adalah untuk melakukan pembagian antara para kreditor atas kekayaan yang dimiliki debitor oleh kurator. Dalam kepailitan terdapat beberapa prinsip penting, salah satunya yaitu adanya utang. Utang merupakan salah satu syarat utama diajukannya permohonan kepailitan, karena tanpa adanya utang tidaklah mungkin perkara kepailitan dapat diperiksa. Kemudian utang tersebut harus sudah jatuh tempo dan dapat ditagih. Pengajuan permohonan kepailitan pada umumnya didasarkan adanya perjanjian utang piutang antara pihak debitor dengan pihak kreditor. Dengan mendasarkan dari adanya perjanjian utang piutang tersebut pihak kreditor mengajukan permohonan kepailitan ke pengadilan. Sebagaimana diketahui terjadinya hubungan antara kreditor dan debitor atau adanya perikatan menurut <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Burgerlijk Wetboek</em> ada dua, yaitu perikatan yang timbul dari adanya perjanjian dan perikatan yang timbul karena undang-undang. Kemudian bagaimana jika utang tersebut timbul sebagai akibat dari adanya perbuatan melanggar hukum, karena berbeda dengan utang yang timbul dari perjanjian utang piutang yang mengatur dengan jelas hubungan hukum antara kreditor dan debitor.</span></p><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml> <w:WordDocument> <w:View>Normal</w:View> <w:Zoom>0</w:Zoom> <w:TrackMoves/> <w:TrackFormatting/> <w:PunctuationKerning/> <w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/> <w:SaveIfXMLInvalid>false</w:SaveIfXMLInvalid> <w:IgnoreMixedContent>false</w:IgnoreMixedContent> <w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText>false</w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText> <w:DoNotPromoteQF/> <w:LidThemeOther>EN-US</w:LidThemeOther> <w:LidThemeAsian>X-NONE</w:LidThemeAsian> <w:LidThemeComplexScript>X-NONE</w:LidThemeComplexScript> <w:Compatibility> <w:BreakWrappedTables/> <w:SnapToGridInCell/> <w:WrapTextWithPunct/> <w:UseAsianBreakRules/> <w:DontGrowAutofit/> <w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/> <w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/> <w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/> <w:OverrideTableStyleHps/> 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That’s usually done by creditors if the debtor in this case has been in a state of bankruptcy, that is a state in which the debtor is no longer able to make payments to the debts of its creditors. <span style="color: #212121; background: white;">But the main purpose of bankruptcy is to make a division between the creditors of the assets owned by the debtor by the curator. In bankruptcy there are several important principles, one of which is the existence of debt. </span></span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: #212121; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">Debt is one of the main requirements for filing a petition for bankruptcy, because without debt it is not possible for bankruptcy cases to be examined. Then the debt should be due and billable. The filing of a bankruptcy application is generally based on a debt agreement between the debtor and the creditor. Based on the existence of the debt agreement, the creditor applying for bankruptcy to the court</span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: #212121;">. </span></em><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; color: #212121; mso-ansi-language: EN;" lang="EN">As the relationship between creditors and debtor is known or there is an agreement according to Burgerlijk Wetboek there are two, namely the engagement that arises from the existence of agreement and engagement arising from the law. 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UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful List"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Grid"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Revision"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="List Paragraph"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" QFormat="true" Name="Intense Quote"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" SemiHidden="false" UnhideWhenUsed="false" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/> <w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" SemiHidden="

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