Risco de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) em profissionais da saúde Risk of infection by the human immune deficiency virus (HIV) among health professionals

A fim de investigar o risco ocupacional de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) em profissionais da saúde, foram estudados 35 casos de acidentes com material potencialmente contaminado pelo HIV, ocorridos em funcionários do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP). Dos 36 profissionais de saúde estudados, 52,8% (19/36) eram auxiliares de enfermagem, 19,4% (7/36) enfermeiras, 13,9% (5/36) atendentes de enfermagem, e 5,5% (2/36) técnicos de enfermagem. Em 47,2% (17/36) dos casos houve exposição parenteral a sangue (acidente com agulha). As mãos e os dedos foram as áreas do corpo mais atingida. Foi empregado o teste imunoenzimático (ELISA) para detecção de anticorpos anti-HIV, sendo realizado em todos os profissionais por ocasião do acidente e com 1,2, 6 e 12 meses após a exposição. Os resultados foram negativos não sendo registrada nenhuma soroconversão. Recomenda-se que a educação continuada para o trabalhador de saúde deve reforçar o uso das precauções universais, especialmente os cuidados com agulhas e outros instrumentos perfurantes.<br>To investigate the occupational risk of infection by HIV among health professionals, 36 cases of occupational accidents involving exposure to material potentially infected with HIV, reported at a Brazilian General Hospital (HCFMRP), were studied. Of the injured workers 75% were female and 25% male (ranging from 23 to 49 years old) and just one of them had high-risk behavior of HIV infection. Of these health professionals, 52.8% were nursing auxiliaries, 19.4%, nurses, 13.9%, nursing attendants, 5.5%, laboratory technicians, 2.8% surgery instrumentalist, 2.8% accountants and 2.8% nursing technicians. In 47.2% of cases the workers had a parenteral exposure to blood (needlestick injuries). The right hand and fingers were the body areas most effected. The serologic test to detect HIV antibodies by the ELISA method was required of all the workers. The results were negative and no seroconversion was registered during the one year follow-up period. The professionals were retested one month, 2 months, 6 months and one year after the exposure. In conclusion, the risk of infection by HIV among health professionals of HCFMRP seems to be very low. Continuing education should be provided for health care workers with a view to reinforcing the use of universal precaution, especially those to prevent injuries cause by needles or other sharp instruments

Abstract licence: CC BY

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