The interplay of histone modifications – writers that read

Abstract

Histones are subject to a vast array of posttranslational modifications including acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitylation. The writers of these modifications play important roles in normal development and their mutation or misregulation is linked with both genetic disorders and various cancers. Readers of these marks contain protein domains that allow their recruitment to chromatin. Interestingly, writers often contain domains which can read chromatin marks, allowing the reinforcement of modifications through a positive feedback loop or inhibition of their activity by other modifications. We discuss how such positive reinforcement can result in chromatin states that are robust and can be epigenetically maintained through cell division. We describe the implications of these regulatory systems in relation to modifications including H3K4me3, H3K79me3, and H3K36me3 that are associated with active genes and H3K27me3 and H3K9me3 that have been linked to transcriptional repression. We also review the crosstalk between active and repressive modifications, illustrated by the interplay between the Polycomb and Trithorax histone-modifying proteins, and discuss how this may be important in defining gene expression states during development.

Cited by papers we hold 14

• CD40 signal rewires fatty acid and glutamine metabolism for stimulating macrophage anti-tumorigenic functions · 2023
  Corrected
• The molecular athlete: exercise physiology from mechanisms to medals · 2023
  No notice
• Immune Regulation in Time and Space: The Role of Local- and Long-Range Genomic Interactions in Regulating Immune Responses · 2021
  Not checked
• Regulation of PD-L1 expression in the tumor microenvironment · 2021
  No notice
• Cis-regulatory sequences in plants: Their importance, discovery, and future challenges · 2021
  No notice
• Cloning and Expression Analysis of Two Kdm Lysine Demethylases in the Testes of Mature Yaks and Their Sterile Hybrids · 2020
  Not checked
• Understanding the interplay between CpG island-associated gene promoters and H3K4 methylation · 2020
  No notice
• Comprehensive histochemical profiles of histone modification in male germline cells during meiosis and spermiogenesis: Comparison of young and aged testes in mice. · 2020
  Not checked
• Dietary Compounds as Epigenetic Modulating Agents in Cancer · 2019
  No notice
• Ezh2-dCas9 and KRAB-dCas9 enable engineering of epigenetic memory in a context-dependent manner · 2019
  No notice
• The histone variant H2A.Z in gene regulation · 2019
  No notice
• DNA methylation and repressive H3K9 and H3K27 trimethylation in the promoter regions of PD-1, CTLA-4, TIM-3, LAG-3, TIGIT, and PD-L1 genes in human primary breast cancer · 2018
  No notice
• Monocyte and macrophage immunometabolism in atherosclerosis · 2017
  No notice
• DUBbing cancer: Deubiquitylating enzymes involved in epigenetics, DNA damage and the cell cycle as therapeutic targets · 2016
  Not checked

Reads

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.