Correction: Elevation in and persistence of multiple urinary biomarkers indicative of oxidative DNA stress and inflammation: Toxicological implications of maleic acid consumption using a rat model.

The authors wish to clarify the relationship between this PLOS ONE article (a single-dose study) [1] and a closely related repeated-dose toxicity study published in July 2017 in the Journal of Applied Toxicology [2].Findings discussed in this PLOS ONE article [1] focus on oxidative stress induction and persistence after single-dose oral (gavage) exposure to maleic acid (MA), elucidating the kinetics of oxidant burden formation and clearance.In the Journal of Applied Toxicology study [2], the authors investigate the effects of repeated exposure to MA in rats, using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance analysis to focus on changes in the metabolic profile.The single-dose study examines the formation and clearance of oxidative and nitrative stress-related biomarkers, while the repeated-dose study further investigates the accumulation and persistence of those biomarkers.Both studies report increased urinary levels of 8-OHdG, 8-NO 2 Gua, and 8-isoPGF 2α after MA exposure; the repeated-dose study also reports changes in alanine, acetoacetate, hippurate, succinate and acetate, indicative of hepatotoxicity Furthermore, the authors would like to correct Fig 1, which was published in the supplementary material of the repeated-dose study in [2].The revised Fig 1 now includes original data from the chromatogram that best demonstrate simultaneous quantification of the four biomarkers and their respective isotopes, identified as per a previously published protocol [3], representing a rat urinary sample collected at 0.5 days after a single dose of MA (60 mg/kg).Please see the correct Fig 1 and updated Fig 1 caption here.

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