Health, wealth, and air pollution: advancing theory and methods.

Abstract

The effects of both ambient air pollution and socioeconomic position (SEP) on health are well documented. A limited number of recent studies suggest that SEP may itself play a role in the epidemiology of disease and death associated with exposure to air pollution. Together with evidence that poor and working-class communities are often more exposed to air pollution, these studies have stimulated discussion among scientists, policy makers, and the public about the differential distribution of the health impacts from air pollution. Science and public policy would benefit from additional research that integrates the theory and practice from both air pollution and social epidemiologies to gain a better understanding of this issue. In this article we aim to promote such research by introducing readers to methodologic and conceptual approaches in the fields of air pollution and social epidemiology; by proposing theories and hypotheses about how air pollution and socioeconomic factors may interact to influence health, drawing on studies conducted worldwide; by discussing methodologic issues in the design and analysis of studies to determine whether health effects of exposure to ambient air pollution are modified by SEP; and by proposing specific steps that will advance knowledge in this field, fill information gaps, and apply research results to improve public health in collaboration with affected communities.

Cited by papers we hold 17

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• The San Diego 2007 wildfires and Medi-Cal emergency department presentations, inpatient hospitalizations, and outpatient visits: An observational study of smoke exposure periods and a bidirectional case-crossover analysis · 2018
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• Individual and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and the Association between Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease · 2016
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• National Patterns in Environmental Injustice and Inequality: Outdoor NO2 Air Pollution in the United States · 2014
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• Environmental Inequality in Exposures to Airborne Particulate Matter Components in the United States · 2012
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• Healthy Neighborhoods: Walkability and Air Pollution · 2009
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• A Growing Role for Gender Analysis in Air Pollution Epidemiology · 2009
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• A Framework for Examining Social Stress and Susceptibility to Air Pollution in Respiratory Health · 2009
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• Acute Effects of Ambient Particulate Matter on Mortality in Europe and North America: Results from the APHENA Study · 2008
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• Season, Sex, Age, and Education as Modifiers of the Effects of Outdoor Air Pollution on Daily Mortality in Shanghai, China: The Public Health and Air Pollution in Asia (PAPA) Study · 2008
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• Near-highway pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust: A review of epidemiologic evidence of cardiac and pulmonary health risks · 2007
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• Synergistic Effects of Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Exposure to Violence on Urban Asthma Etiology · 2007
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• The Environmental “Riskscape” and Social Inequality: Implications for Explaining Maternal and Child Health Disparities · 2006
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• Ambient Air Pollution and Atherosclerosis in Los Angeles · 2004
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• Environmental Health Disparities: A Framework Integrating Psychosocial and Environmental Concepts · 2004
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