The role of biomethylation in toxicity and carcinogenicity of arsenic: a research update.

Abstract

Recent research of the metabolism and biological effects of arsenic has profoundly changed our understanding of the role of metabolism in modulation of toxicity and carcinogenicity of this metalloid. Historically, the enzymatic conversion of inorganic arsenic to mono- and dimethylated species has been considered a major mechanism for detoxification of inorganic arsenic. However, compelling experimental evidence obtained from several laboratories suggests that biomethylation, particularly the production of methylated metabolites that contain trivalent arsenic, is a process that activates arsenic as a toxin and a carcinogen. This article summarizes this evidence and provides new data on a) the toxicity of methylated trivalent arsenicals in mammalian cells, b) the effects of methylated trivalent arsenicals on gene transcription, and c) the mechanisms involved in arsenic methylation in animal and human tissues.

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Cited by papers we hold 10

• Natural variation in C. elegans arsenic toxicity is explained by differences in branched chain amino acid metabolism · 2019
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• Arsenic Exposure and the Induction of Human Cancers · 2011
  No notice
• Exposure to arsenic in drinking water is associated with increased prevalence of diabetes: a cross-sectional study in the Zimapán and Lagunera regions in Mexico · 2011
  No notice
• Arsenic Metabolism by Human Gut Microbiota upon in Vitro Digestion of Contaminated Soils · 2010
  No notice
• An Emerging Role for Epigenetic Dysregulation in Arsenic Toxicity and Carcinogenesis · 2010
  No notice
• Inorganic Arsenic and Human Prostate Cancer · 2007
  No notice
• Urinary Arsenic Metabolites in Children and Adults Exposed to Arsenic in Drinking Water in Inner Mongolia, China · 2007
  No notice
• Dietary Intake and Arsenic Methylation in a U.S. Population · 2005
  No notice
• Folate, Homocysteine, and Arsenic Metabolism in Arsenic-Exposed Individuals in Bangladesh · 2005
  No notice
• Urinary Trivalent Methylated Arsenic Species in a Population Chronically Exposed to Inorganic Arsenic · 2004
  No notice

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