Therapeutic efficacy of nanoparticles and routes of administration

Abstract

In modern-day medicine, nanotechnology and nanoparticles are some of the indispensable tools in disease monitoring and therapy. The term “nanomaterials” describes materials with nanoscale dimensions (< 100 nm) and are broadly classified into natural and synthetic nanomaterials. However, “engineered” nanomaterials have received significant attention due to their versatility. Although enormous strides have been made in research and development in the field of nanotechnology, it is often confusing for beginners to make an informed choice regarding the nanocarrier system and its potential applications. Hence, in this review, we have endeavored to briefly explain the most commonly used nanomaterials, their core properties and how surface functionalization would facilitate competent delivery of drugs or therapeutic molecules. Similarly, the suitability of carbon-based nanomaterials like CNT and QD has been discussed for targeted drug delivery and siRNA therapy. One of the biggest challenges in the formulation of drug delivery systems is fulfilling targeted/specific drug delivery, controlling drug release and preventing opsonization. Thus, a different mechanism of drug targeting, the role of suitable drug-laden nanocarrier fabrication and methods to augment drug solubility and bioavailability are discussed. Additionally, different routes of nanocarrier administration are discussed to provide greater understanding of the biological and other barriers and their impact on drug transport. The overall aim of this article is to facilitate straightforward perception of nanocarrier design, routes of various nanoparticle administration and the challenges associated with each drug delivery method.

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     Okon E, Pouliquen D, Okon P, Kovaleva ZV, Stepanova TP, Lavit SG, Kudryavtsev BN, Jallet P, et al. Biodegradation of magnetite dextran nanoparticles in the rat. A histologic and biophysical study. Lab Investig. 1994;71(6):895-903.

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102. 102.

     Eivari HA, Rahdar A, Arabi H. Preparation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles and investigation their magnetic properties. IJSEI. 2012;1(3):10312-3.

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103. 103.

     Liu C, Rondinone AJ, Zhang ZJ. Synthesis of magnetic spinel ferrite CoFe2O4 nanoparticles from ferric salt and characterization of the size-dependent superparamagnetic properties. Pure App Chem. 2000;72(1–2):37-45.

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104. 104.

     Yu S, Chow GM. Carboxyl group (−CO2H) functionalized ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for potential bio-applications. J Mater Chem. 2004;14(18):2781-2786.

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105. 105.

     Weinstein JS, Varallyay CG, Dosa E, Gahramanov S, Hamilton B, Rooney WD, Muldoon LL, Neuwelt EA, et al. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging and potential therapeutic applications in neurooncology and central nervous system inflammatory pathologies, a review. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2010;30(1):15-35.

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106. 106.

     Matuszak J, Lutz B, Sekita A, Zaloga J, Alexiou C, Lyer S, Cicha I, et al. Drug delivery to atherosclerotic plaques using superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Int J Nanomedicine. 2018;13:8443.

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107. 107.

     Nikitin A, Khramtsov M, Garanina A, Mogilnikov P, Sviridenkova N, Shchetinin I, Savchenko A, Abakumov M, Majouga A, et al. Synthesis of iron oxide nanorods for enhanced magnetic hyperthermia. J Magn Magn Mater. 2019;469:443-449.

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108. 108.

     Anilkumar TS, Lu YJ, Chen HA, Hsu HL, Jose G, Chen JP, et al. Dual targeted magnetic photosensitive liposomes for photothermal/photodynamic tumor therapy. J Magn Magn Mater. 2019;473:241-252.

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109. 109.

     Jose G, Lu YJ, Chen HA, Hsu HL, Hung JT, Anilkumar TS, Chen JP, et al. Hyaluronic acid modified bubble-generating magnetic liposomes for targeted delivery of doxorubicin. J Magn Magn Mater. 2019;474:355-364.

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110. 110.

     De Jong WH, Hagens WI, Krystek P, Burger MC, Sips AJ, Geertsma RE, et al. Particle size-dependent organ distribution of gold nanoparticles after intravenous administration. Biomaterials. 2008;29(12):1912-1919.

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111. 111.

     Nakamura H, Watano S. Direct permeation of nanoparticles across cell membrane: a review. KONA Powder and Part J. 2018;35:49-65.

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112. 112.

     Azad TD, Pan J, Connolly ID, Remington A, Wilson CM, Grant GA, et al. Therapeutic strategies to improve drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Neurosurg Focus. 2015;38(3):E9.

     Not in our library10.3171/2014.12.focus14758

113. 113.

     Bruce JN. Improving drug delivery to Intracerebral tumor and surrounding brain in a rodent model: a comparison of osmotic versus Bradykinin modification of the blood-brain and/or blood-tumor barriers. Neurosurgery. 1998;43(4):889.

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114. 114.

     Steichen SD, Caldorera-Moore M, Peppas NA. A review of current nanoparticle and targeting moieties for the delivery of cancer therapeutics. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2013;48(3):416-427.

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115. 115.

     Redhead HM, Davis SS, Illum L. Drug delivery in poly(lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles surface modified with poloxamer 407 and poloxamine 908:in vitro characterisation and in vivo evaluation. J Control Release. 2001;70(3):353-363.

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116. 116.

     Champion JA, Katare YK, Mitragotri S. Particle shape: a new design parameter for micro-and nanoscale drug delivery carriers. J Control Release. 2007;121(1–2):3-9.

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117. 117.

     Liu Y, Tan J, Thomas A, Ou-Yang D, Muzykantov VR. The shape of things to come: importance of design in nanotechnology for drug delivery. Ther Deliv. 2012;3(2):181-194.

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118. 118.

     Mathaes R, Winter G, Besheer A, Engert J. Non-spherical micro-and nanoparticles: fabrication, characterization and drug delivery applications. Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 2015;12(3):481-492.

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119. 119.

     Eliezar J, Scarano W, Boase NR, Thurecht KJ, Stenzel MH. In vivo evaluation of folate decorated cross-linked micelles for the delivery of platinum anticancer drugs. Biomacromolecules. 2015;16(2):515-523.

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120. 120.

     MacDonald IC, Schmidt EE, Groom AC. The high splenic hematocrit: a rheological consequence of red cell flow through the reticular meshwork. Microvasc Res. 1991;42(1):60-76.

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121. 121.

     Canelas DA, Herlihy KP, DeSimone JM. Top-down particle fabrication: control of size and shape for diagnostic imaging and drug delivery. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2009;1(4):391-404.

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122. 122.

     Decuzzi P, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Ferrari M. Intravascular delivery of particulate systems: does geometry really matter? Pharm Res. 2009;26(1):235.

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123. 123.

     Yoo JW, Doshi N, Mitragotri S. Adaptive micro and nanoparticles: temporal control over carrier properties to facilitate drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2011;63(14–15):1247-1256.

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124. 124.

     Teja AS, Koh PY. Synthesis, properties, and applications of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Prog Cryst Growth Charact Mater. 2009;55(1–2):22-45.

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125. 125.

     Nedyalkova M, Donkova B, Romanova J, Tzvetkov G, Madurga S, Simeonov V. Iron oxide nanoparticles–in vivo/in vitro biomedical applications and in silico studies. Adv Colloid Interface Sci. 2017;249:192-212.

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126. 126.

     Ji X, Peng F, Zhong Y, Su Y, He Y. Fluorescent quantum dots: synthesis, biomedical optical imaging, and biosafety assessment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2014;124:132-139.

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127. 127.

     Sperling RA, Parak WJ. Surface modification, functionalization and bioconjugation of colloidal inorganic nanoparticles. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci. 2010;368(1915):1333-1383.

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128. 128.

     Zanganeh S, Spitler R, Erfanzadeh M, Alkilany AM, Mahmoudi M. Protein corona: opportunities and challenges. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2016;75:143-147.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.biocel.2016.01.005

129. 129.

     Mitragotri S, Lahann J. Physical approaches to biomaterial design. Nat Mater. 2009;8(1):15-23.

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130. 130.

     Lázaro IA, Haddad S, Sacca S, Orellana-Tavra C, Fairen-Jimenez D, Forgan RS, et al. Selective surface PEGylation of UiO-66 nanoparticles for enhanced stability, cell uptake, and pH-responsive drug delivery. Chem. 2017;2(4):561-578.

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131. 131.

     Park J, Wang ZU, Sun LB, Chen YP, Zhou HC. Introduction of functionalized mesopores to metal–organic frameworks via metal–ligand–fragment coassembly. J Am Chem Soc. 2012;134(49):20110-20116.

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132. 132.

     Reis CP, Neufeld RJ, Ribeiro AJ, Veiga F. Nanoencapsulation I. Methods for preparation of drug-loaded polymeric nanoparticles. Nanomedicine. 2006;2(1):8–21.

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133. 133.

     Kreuter JO, Speiser PP. New adjuvants on a polymethylmethacrylate base. Infect Immun. 1976;13(1):204-210.

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134. 134.

     Barichello JM, Morishita M, Takayama K, Nagai T. Encapsulation of hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs in PLGA nanoparticles by the nanoprecipitation method. Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 1999;25(4):471-476.

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135. 135.

     Narvekar M, Xue HY, Eoh JY, Wong HL. Nanocarrier for poorly water-soluble anticancer drugs—barriers of translation and solutions. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2014;15(4):822-833.

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136. 136.

     Loftsson T, Brewster ME. Pharmaceutical applications of cyclodextrins: basic science and product development. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2010;62(11):1607-1621.

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137. 137.

     Ismael GF, Rosa DD, Mano MS, Awada A. Novel cytotoxic drugs: old challenges, new solutions. Cancer Treat Rev. 2008;34(1):81-91.

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138. 138.

     Wilczewska AZ, Niemirowicz K, Markiewicz KH, Car H. Nanoparticles as drug delivery systems. PR. 2012;64(5):1020-1037.

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139. 139.

     Vignaroli G, Calandro P, Zamperini C, Coniglio F, Iovenitti G, Tavanti M, Colecchia D, Dreassi E, Valoti M, Schenone S, Chiariello M, et al. Improvement of pyrazolo [3, 4-d] pyrimidines pharmacokinetic properties: nanosystem approaches for drug delivery. Sci Rep. 2016;6:21509.

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140. 140.

     Liu X, Sun M, Sun J, Hu J, Wang Z, Guo J, Gao W, et al. Polymerization induced self-assembly of a site-specific interferon α-block copolymer conjugate into micelles with remarkably enhanced pharmacology. J Am Chem Soc. 2018;140(33):10435-10438.

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141. 141.

     Tian Y, Shi C, Sun Y, Zhu C, Sun CC, Mao S, et al. Designing micellar nanocarriers with improved drug loading and stability based on solubility parameter. Mol Pharm. 2015;12(3):816-825.

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142. 142.

     Cho K, Wang XU, Nie S, Shin DM. Therapeutic nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2008;14(5):1310-1316.

     Not in our library10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1441

143. 143.

     Fortuna A, Alves G, Falcao A. In vitro and in vivo relevance of the P-glycoprotein probe substrates in drug discovery and development: focus on rhodamine 123, digoxin and talinolol. J Bioequiv Availab. 2011;1:1-23.

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144. 144.

     Kreuter J. Nanoparticulate systems for brain delivery of drugs. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001;47(1):65-81.

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145. 145.

     Singh R, Lillard JW. Nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery. Exp Mol Pathol. 2009;86(3):215-223.

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146. 146.

     Maeda H, Wu J, Sawa T, Matsumura Y, Hori K. Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: a review. J Control Release. 2000;65(1–2):271-284.

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147. 147.

     Seki Takahiro, Fang Jun, Maeda Hiroshi. Tumor-Targeted Macromolecular Drug Delivery Based on the Enhanced Permeability and Retention Effect in Solid Tumor. Pharmaceutical Perspectives of Cancer Therapeutics. 2009;93-120.

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148. 148.

     Fang J, Nakamura H, Maeda H. The EPR effect: unique features of tumor blood vessels for drug delivery, factors involved, and limitations and augmentation of the effect. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2011;63(3):136-151.

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149. 149.

     Yin H, Liao L, Fang J. Enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect based tumor targeting: the concept, application and prospect. JSM Clin Oncol Res. 2014;2(1):1010.

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150. 150.

     Patel B, Kirkwood AA, Dey A, Marks DI, McMillan AK, Menne TF, Micklewright L, Patrick P, Purnell S, Rowntree CJ, Smith P, et al. Pegylated-asparaginase during induction therapy for adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: toxicity data from the UKALL14 trial. Leukemia. 2017;31(1):58.

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151. 151.

     Gradishar WJ, Tjulandin S, Davidson N, Shaw H, Desai N, Bhar P, Hawkins M, O'Shaughnessy J, et al. Phase III trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel compared with polyethylated castor oil-based paclitaxel in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(31):7794-7803.

     Not in our library10.1200/jco.2005.04.937

152. 152.

     Desai N, Trieu V, Yao Z, Louie L, Ci S, Yang A, Tao C, De T, Beals B, Dykes D, Noker P, et al. Increased antitumor activity, intratumor paclitaxel concentrations, and endothelial cell transport of cremophor-free, albumin-bound paclitaxel, ABI-007, compared with cremophor-based paclitaxel. Clin Cancer Res. 2006;12(4):1317-1324.

     Not in our library10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-05-1634

153. 153.

     Peer D, Karp JM, Hong S, Farokhzad OC, Margalit R, Langer R. Nanocarriers as an emerging platform for cancer therapy. Nat Nanotechnol. 2007;2(12):751.

     Not in our library10.1038/nnano.2007.387

154. 154.

     Wicki A, Witzigmann D, Balasubramanian V, Huwyler J. Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: challenges, opportunities, and clinical applications. J Control Release. 2015;200:138-157.

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155. 155.

     Brown MB, Martin GP, Jones SA, Akomeah FK. Dermal and transdermal drug delivery systems: current and future prospects. Drug Deliv. 2006;13(3):175-187.

     Not in our library10.1080/10717540500455975

156. 156.

     Parveen S, Misra R, Sahoo SK. Nanoparticles: a boon to drug delivery, therapeutics, diagnostics and imaging. Nanomedicine. 2012;8(2):147-166.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.nano.2011.05.016

157. 157.
     Folate Receptor-Positive Gynecological Cancer Cells: In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization · 2017

     Not checked
158. 158.

     Shi C, Zhang Z, Wang F, Luan Y. Active-targeting docetaxel-loaded mixed micelles for enhancing antitumor efficacy. J Mol Liq. 2018;264:172-178.

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159. 159.

     Huang G, Huang H. Hyaluronic acid-based biopharmaceutical delivery and tumor-targeted drug delivery system. J Control Release. 2018;278:122-126.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.04.015

160. 160.

     Lee H, Lee K, Park TG. Hyaluronic acid− paclitaxel conjugate micelles: synthesis, characterization, and antitumor activity. Bioconjug Chem. 2008;19(6):1319-1325.

     Not in our library10.1021/bc8000485

161. 161.

     Tu Y, Zhu L. Matrix metalloproteinase-sensitive Nanocarriers. 2016;83-116.

     Not in our library

162. 162.

     Dai Z, Yao Q, Zhu L. MMP2-sensitive PEG–lipid copolymers: a new type of tumor-targeted P-glycoprotein inhibitor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2016;8(20):12661-12673.

     Not in our library10.1021/acsami.6b03064

163. 163.

     Mohanraj VJ, Chen Y. Nanoparticles-a review. TJPR. 2006;5(1):561-573.

     Not in our library

164. 164.

     Singh S, Pandey VK, Tewari RP, Agarwal V. Nanoparticle based drug delivery system: advantages and applications. Indian J Sci Technol. 2011;4(3):177-180.

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165. 165.

     Prow TW, Grice JE, Lin LL, Faye R, Butler M, Becker W, Wurm EM, Yoong C, Robertson TA, Soyer HP, Roberts MS, et al. Nanoparticles and microparticles for skin drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2011;63(6):470-491.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.addr.2011.01.012

166. 166.

     Menon GK. New insights into skin structure: scratching the surface. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2002;54:S3-17.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0169-409x(02)00121-7

167. 167.

     Silva GA. Introduction to nanotechnology and its applications to medicine. Surg Neurol Int. 2004;61(3):216-220.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.surneu.2003.09.036

168. 168.

     Neubert RH. Potentials of new nanocarriers for dermal and transdermal drug delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011;77(1):1-2.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2010.11.003

169. 169.

     Desai P, Patlolla RR, Singh M. Interaction of nanoparticles and cell-penetrating peptides with skin for transdermal drug delivery. Mol Membr Biol. 2010;27(7):247-259.

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170. 170.

     Lademann J, Richter H, Teichmann A, Otberg N, Blume-Peytavi U, Luengo J, Weiss B, Schaefer UF, Lehr CM, Wepf R, Sterry W. Nanoparticles–an efficient carrier for drug delivery into the hair follicles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2007;66(2):159-164.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2006.10.019

171. 171.

     Alvarez-Román R, Naik A, Kalia YN, Guy RH, Fessi H. Skin penetration and distribution of polymeric nanoparticles. J Control Release. 2004;99(1):53-62.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.jconrel.2004.06.015

172. 172.

     Kumar R, Philip A. Modified transdermal technologies: Breaking the barriers of drug permeation via the skin. TJPR. 2007;6(1):633-644.

     Not in our library

173. 173.

     Baroli B. Penetration of nanoparticles and nanomaterials in the skin: fiction or reality? J Pharm Sci. 2010;99(1):21-50.

     Not in our library10.1002/jps.21817

174. 174.

     Kraft JC, Freeling JP, Wang Z, Ho RJ. Emerging research and clinical development trends of liposome and lipid nanoparticle drug delivery systems. J Pharm Sci. 2014;103(1):29-52.

     Not in our library10.1002/jps.23773

175. 175.

     Blade J, Sonneveld P, San Miguel JF, Sutherland HJ, Hajek R, Nagler A, et al. Efficacy and safety of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in combination with bortezomib for multiple myeloma: effects of adverse prognostic factors on outcome. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2011;11:44-49.

     Not in our library10.3816/clml.2011.n.005

176. 176.

     Barenholz Y. Doxil(R)--the first FDA-approved nano-drug: lessons learned. J Control Release. 2012;160:117-134.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.03.020

177. 177.

     Mathur V, Satrawala Y, Rajput M. Physical and chemical penetration enhancers in transdermal drug delivery system. Asian J Pharm. 2010;4(3):173.

     Not in our library10.4103/0973-8398.72115

178. 178.

     Moghassemi S, Hadjizadeh A. Nano-niosomes as nanoscale drug delivery systems: an illustrated review. J Control Release. 2014;185:22-36.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.015

179. 179.

     Muzzalupo R, Tavano L, Cassano R, Trombino S, Ferrarelli T, Picci N, et al. A new approach for the evaluation of niosomes as effective transdermal drug delivery systems. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2011;79(1):28-35.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2011.01.020

180. 180.

     Fan G, Xu Z, Liu X. Preparation of pomegranate Ellagic acid inclusion complex gel and its transdermal permeation in vitro. Procedia Eng. 2017;174:724-731.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.proeng.2017.01.212

181. 181.

     Junyaprasert VB, Singhsa P, Jintapattanakit A. Influence of chemical penetration enhancers on skin permeability of ellagic acid-loaded niosomes. Asian J Pharm. 2013;8(2):110-117.

     Not in our library

182. 182.

     Barua S, Mitragotri S. Challenges associated with penetration of nanoparticles across cell and tissue barriers: a review of current status and future prospects. Nano Today. 2014;9(2):223-243.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.nantod.2014.04.008

183. 183.

     Thakur K, Geeta A, Kumar Hari SL. Nanocarrier for transdermal drug delivery systems. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2016;5:708-723.

     Not in our library

184. 184.

     Shakeel F, Baboota S, Ahuja A, Ali J, Aqil M, Shafiq S, et al. Nanoemulsions as vehicles for transdermal delivery of aceclofenac. AAPS PharmSciTech. 2007;8(4):191.

     Not in our library10.1208/pt0804104

185. 185.

     Hooper JW, Golden JW, Ferro AM, King AD. Smallpox DNA vaccine delivered by novel skin electroporation device protects mice against intranasal poxvirus challenge. Vaccine. 2007;25(10):1814-1823.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.vaccine.2006.11.017

186. 186.

     Bramson J, Dayball K, Evelegh C, Wan YH, Page D, Smith A, et al. Enabling topical immunization via microporation: a novel method for pain-free and needle-free delivery of adenovirus-based vaccines. Gene Ther. 2003;10(3):251.

     Not in our library10.1038/sj.gt.3301886

187. 187.

     Prausnitz MR, Langer R. Transdermal drug delivery. Nature Biotechnol. 2008;26(11):1261-1268.

     Not in our library10.1038/nbt.1504

188. 188.

     Lee H, Song C, Baik S, Kim D, Hyeon T, Kim DH, et al. Device-assisted transdermal drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2017;127:35-45.

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189. 189.

     Münch S, Wohlrab J, Neubert RH. Dermal and transdermal delivery of pharmaceutically relevant macromolecules. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2017;119:235-242.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2017.06.019

190. 190.

     Chen Y, Liu L. Modern methods for delivery of drugs across the blood–brain barrier. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2012;64(7):640-665.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.addr.2011.11.010

191. 191.

     Bicker J, Alves G, Fortuna A, Falcão A. Blood–brain barrier models and their relevance for a successful development of CNS drug delivery systems: a review. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2014;87(3):409-432.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.03.012

192. 192.

     Abbott NJ, Rönnbäck L, Hansson E. Astrocyte–endothelial interactions at the blood–brain barrier. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2006;7(1):41-53.

     Not in our library10.1038/nrn1824

193. 193.

     Alyautdin R, Khalin I, Nafeeza MI, Haron MH, Kuznetsov D, et al. Nanoscale drug delivery systems and the blood–brain barrier. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:795-811.

     Not in our library10.2147/ijn.s52236

194. 194.

     El-Bachá RD, Minn A. Drug metabolizing enzymes in cerebrovascular endothelial cells afford a metabolic protection to the brain. Cell Mol Biol. 1999;45(1):15-23.

     Not in our library

195. 195.

     Alyautdin R, Gothier D, Petrov V, Kharkevich D, Kreuter J. Analgesic activity of the hexapeptidedalargin adsorbed on the surface of polysorbate 80-coated poly(butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 1995;41(1):44-48.

     Not in our library

196. 196.

     Qiao R, Jia Q, Hüwel S, Xia R, Liu T, Gao F, Galla HJ, Gao M, et al. Receptor-mediated delivery of magnetic nanoparticles across the blood–brain barrier. ACS Nano. 2012;6(4):3304-3310.

     Not in our library10.1021/nn300240p

197. 197.

     Posadas I, Monteagudo S, Ceña V. Nanoparticles for brain-specific drug and genetic material delivery, imaging and diagnosis. Nanomedicine. 2016;11(7):833-849.

     Not in our library10.2217/nnm.16.15

198. 198.
     Nanoparticles for Brain Drug Delivery · 2013

     No notice
199. 199.

     Gao H, Pang Z, Jiang X. Targeted delivery of nano-therapeutics for major disorders of the central nervous system. Pharm Res. 2013;30(10):2485-2498.

     Not in our library10.1007/s11095-013-1122-4

200. 200.

     Hwang SR, Kim K. Nano-enabled delivery systems across the blood–brain barrier. Arch Pharm Res. 2014;37(1):24-30.

     Not in our library10.1007/s12272-013-0272-6

201. 201.

     Wei X, Chen X, Ying M, Lu W. Brain tumor-targeted drug delivery strategies. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2014;4(3):193-201.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.apsb.2014.03.001

202. 202.

     Lu CT, Zhao YZ, Wong HL, Cai J, Peng L, Tian XQ, et al. Current approaches to enhance CNS delivery of drugs across the brain barriers. Int J Nanomedicine. 2014;9:2241-2257.

     Not in our library10.2147/ijn.s61288

203. 203.

     Groothuis DR. The blood-brain and blood-tumor barriers: a review of strategies for increasing drug delivery. Neuro-Oncology. 2000;2(1):45-59.

     Not in our library10.1093/neuonc/2.1.45

204. 204.

     Charlton S, Jones NS, Davis SS, Illum L. Distribution and clearance of bioadhesive formulations from the olfactory region in man: effect of polymer type and nasal delivery device. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2007;30(3–4):295-302.

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205. 205.

     Dhuria SV, Hanson LR, Frey WH. Intranasal delivery to the central nervous system: mechanisms and experimental considerations. J Pharm Sci. 2010;99(4):1654-1673.

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     Das S, Chaudhury A. Recent advances in lipid nanoparticle formulations with solid matrix for oral drug delivery. AAPS PharmSci Tech. 2011;12(1):62-76.

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     Plapied L, Duhem N. des Rieux A, Préat V. Fate of polymeric nanocarriers for oral drug delivery. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci. 2011;16(3):228-237.

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     Tan ML, Choong PF, Dass CR. Recent developments in liposomes, microparticles and nanoparticles for protein and peptide drug delivery. Peptides. 2010;31(1):184-193.

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     Shantha Kumar TR, Soppimath K, Nachaegari SK. Novel delivery technologies for protein and peptide therapeutics. Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2006;7(4):261-276.

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     Allémann E, Leroux JC, Gurny R. Polymeric nano-and microparticles for the oral delivery of peptides and peptidomimetics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 1998;34(2–3):171-189.

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     Makhlof A, Tozuka Y, Takeuchi H. Design and evaluation of novel pH-sensitive chitosan nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2011;42(5):445-451.

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     Kim JH, Kim YS, Park K, Kang E, Lee S, Nam HY, Kim K, Park JH, Chi DY, Park RW, Kim IS, et al. Self-assembled glycol chitosan nanoparticles for the sustained and prolonged delivery of antiangiogenic small peptide drugs in cancer therapy. Biomaterials. 2008;29(12):1920-1930.

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     Pridgen EM, Alexis F, Farokhzad OC. Polymeric nanoparticle technologies for oral drug delivery. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;12(10):1605-10.

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     Morishita M, Peppas NA. Is the oral route possible for peptide and protein drug delivery? Drug Discov Today. 2006;11(19–20):905-910.

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     Zhang Z, Shan H, Chen L, He C, Zhuang X, Chen X, et al. Synthesis of pH-responsive starch nanoparticles grafted poly(l-glutamic acid) for insulin controlled release. Eur Polym J. 2013;49(8):2082-2091.

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     Cha S, Lee SH, Kang SH, Hasan MN, Kim YJ, Cho S, Lee YK, et al. Antibody-mediated oral delivery of therapeutic DNA for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomater Res. 2018;22(1):19.

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     Kumar P, Sharma G, Gupta V, Kaur R, Thakur K, Malik R, Kumar A, Kaushal N, Katare OP, Raza K, et al. Oral delivery of Methylthioadenosine to the brain employing solid lipid nanoparticles: pharmacokinetic, behavioral, and Histopathological evidences. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech. 2019;20(2):74.

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     Islam MS, Reineke J, Kaushik RS, Woyengo T, Baride A, Alqahtani MS, Perumal O, et al. Bioadhesive Food-Protein Nanoparticles as Pediatric Oral Drug Delivery system. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2019;11:18062-18073.

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     Lipid Nanoparticles-Encapsulated YF4: A Potential Therapeutic Oral Peptide Delivery System for Hypertension Treatment · 2019

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     Nanoparticle-Mediated Pulmonary Drug Delivery: A Review · 2014

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     Mangal S, Gao W, Li T, Zhou QT. Pulmonary delivery of nanoparticle chemotherapy for the treatment of lung cancers: challenges and opportunities. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017;38(6):782.

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     Xu C, Wang Y, Guo Z, Chen J, Lin L, Wu J, Tian H, Chen X. Pulmonary delivery by exploiting doxorubicin and cisplatin co-loaded nanoparticles for metastatic lung cancer therapy. J Control Release. 2019;295:153-163.

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     LiCalsi C, Christensen T, Bennett JV, Phillips E, Witham C. Dry powder inhalation as a potential delivery method for vaccines. Vaccine. 1999;17(13–14):1796-1803.

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     Patton JS, Byron PR. Inhaling medicines: delivering drugs to the body through the lungs. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007;6(1):67.

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     El-Sherbiny IM, El-Baz NM, Yacoub MH. Inhaled nano-and microparticles for drug delivery. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2015;1:2.

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     Ultrafine Particles Cross Cellular Membranes by Nonphagocytic Mechanisms in Lungs and in Cultured Cells · 2005

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     Carvalho TC, Peters JI, Williams RO. Influence of particle size on regional lung deposition–what evidence is there? Int J Pharm. 2011;406(1–2):1-10.

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     Byron PR. Prediction of drug residence times in regions of the human respiratory tract following aerosol inhalation. J Pharm Sci. 1986;75(5):433-438.

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     Ryan GM, Kaminskas LM, Kelly BD, Owen DJ, McIntosh MP, Porter CJ, et al. Pulmonary administration of PEGylatedpolylysinedendrimers: absorption from the lung versus retention within the lung is highly size-dependent. Mol Pharm. 2013;10(8):2986-2995.

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     Harris JM, Chess RB. Effect of pegylation on pharmaceuticals. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2003;2(3):214.

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     Grotz E, Tateosian NL, Salgueiro J, Bernabeu E, Gonzalez L, Manca ML, Amiano N, Valenti D, Manconi M, García V, Moretton MA, et al. Pulmonary delivery of rifampicin-loaded soluplus micelles against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol. 2019;53:101170.

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     Huang Z, Huang Y, Ma C, Ma X, Zhang X, Lin L, Zhao Z, Pan X, Wu C, et al. Endotracheal Aerosolization device for laboratory investigation of pulmonary delivery of nanoparticle suspensions: in vitro and in vivo validation. Mol Pharm. 2018;15(12):5521-5533.

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     Mohamed A, Pekoz AY, Ross K, Hutcheon GA, Saleem IY. Pulmonary Delivery of Nanocomposite Microparticles (NCMPs) incorporating miR-146a for Treatment of COPD. Int J Pharm. 2019;569:118524.

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     Zhang Y, He RQ, Wang X, Chen YR, Li MW, Zhang XL, Ma J, Chen G, Hu XH, et al. IRAK1 and TRAF6, inversely modulated by antitumor miR-146a-5p, markedly promotes the progression of NSCLC. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2017;10(5):4955-4968.

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     Parker SE, Davey PG. Pharmacoeconomics of intravenous drug administration. Pharmacoeconomics. 1992;1(2):103-115.

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     Kalepu S, Nekkanti V. Insoluble drug delivery strategies: review of recent advances and business prospects. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2015;5(5):442-453.

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     Wong J, Brugger A, Khare A, Chaubal M, Papadopoulos P, Rabinow B, Kipp J, Ning J, et al. Suspensions for intravenous (IV) injection: a review of development, preclinical and clinical aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(8):939-954.

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     Sasikumar A, Kamalasanan K. Nanomedicine for prostate cancer using nanoemulsion: a review. J Control Release. 2017;260:111-123.

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     Dias ML, Carvalho JP, Rodrigues DG, Graziani SR, Maranhão RC. Pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake of a derivatized form of paclitaxel associated to a cholesterol-rich nanoemulsion (LDE) in patients with gynecologic cancers. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2007;59(1):105-111.

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     Wei Y, Zhao L. Passive lung-targeted drug delivery systems via intravenous administration. Pharm Dev Techno. 2014;19(2):129-136.

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     Hörmann K, Zimmer A. Drug delivery and drug targeting with parenteral lipid nanoemulsions—a review. J Control Release. 2016;223:85-98.

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     Cooke M, Lamplugh A, Naudeer S, Edey M, Bhandari S. Efficacy and tolerability of accelerated-dose low-molecular-weight iron dextran (Cosmofer) in patients with chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. 2012;35(1):69-74.

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     Pai AB. Complexity of intravenous iron nanoparticle formulations: implications for bioequivalence evaluation. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017;1407(1):17-25.

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     Wang G, Gao S, Tian R, Miller-Kleinhenz J, Qin Z, Liu T, Li L, Zhang F, Ma Q, Zhu L, et al. Theranostic hyaluronic acid–Iron Micellar nanoparticles for magnetic-field- enhanced in vivo Cancer chemotherapy. Chem Med Chem. 2018;13(1):78-86.

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     Gnach A, Lipinski T, Bednarkiewicz A, Rybka J, Capobianco JA. Upconverting nanoparticles: assessing the toxicity. Chem Soc Rev. 2015;44(6):1561-1584.

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     Bencsik A, Lestaevel P, Canu IG. Nano-and neurotoxicology: an emerging discipline. Prog Neurobiol. 2017;160:45-63.

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     Nanotoxicity: An Interplay of Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Cell Death · 2015

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     Albanese A, Tang PS, Chan WC. The effect of nanoparticle size, shape, and surface chemistry on biological systems. Annu Rev Biomed Eng. 2012;14:1-6.

     Not in our library10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071811-150124

Cited by papers we hold 3

• A Review on Polymer and Lipid-Based Nanocarriers and Its Application to Nano-Pharmaceutical and Food-Based Systems · 2021
  No notice
• Recent Advances in Nanocarrier-Assisted Therapeutics Delivery Systems · 2020
  No notice
• Polymeric Nanoparticles: Production, Characterization, Toxicology and Ecotoxicology · 2020
  No notice

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