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Beneficial biological effects and the underlying mechanisms of molecular hydrogen - comprehensive review of 321 original articles -

Masatoshi Ichihara, Sayaka Sobue, Mikako Ito and 3 more

Medical Gas Research · 2015

doi:10.1186/s13618-015-0035-1

Abstract

Therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen for a wide range of disease models and human diseases have been investigated since 2007. A total of 321 original articles have been published from 2007 to June 2015. Most studies have been conducted in Japan, China, and the USA. About three-quarters of the articles show the effects in mice and rats. The number of clinical trials is increasing every year. In most diseases, the effect of hydrogen has been reported with hydrogen water or hydrogen gas, which was followed by confirmation of the effect with hydrogen-rich saline. Hydrogen water is mostly given ad libitum. Hydrogen gas of less than 4 % is given by inhalation. The effects have been reported in essentially all organs covering 31 disease categories that can be subdivided into 166 disease models, human diseases, treatment-associated pathologies, and pathophysiological conditions of plants with a predominance of oxidative stress-mediated diseases and inflammatory diseases. Specific extinctions of hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite were initially presented, but the radical-scavenging effect of hydrogen cannot be held solely accountable for its drastic effects. We and others have shown that the effects can be mediated by modulating activities and expressions of various molecules such as Lyn, ERK, p38, JNK, ASK1, Akt, GTP-Rac1, iNOS, Nox1, NF-κB p65, IκBα, STAT3, NFATc1, c-Fos, and ghrelin. Master regulator(s) that drive these modifications, however, remain to be elucidated and are currently being extensively investigated.

Full text

From PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine, as current on Oct 21, 2026. Paragraph numbers are ours, so an answer can point at one.

Introduction

It has been 8 years since Ohsawa and colleagues reported the astonishing therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen on a rat model of cerebral infarction in Nature Medicine in 2007. Inhalation of 1–4 % hydrogen gas markedly reduced the sizes of cerebral infarction in rats. They also demonstrated that hydrogen specifically scavenges hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite but not hydrogen peroxide or superoxide. Their paper ignited interest in the effect of molecular hydrogen in various diseases and has been cited 533 times as of July 2015. Similarly, the number of original articles demonstrating the effect of molecular hydrogen adds up to more than 300. This review summarizes research articles published in these past 8 years and addresses possible molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of hydrogen.

Molecular hydrogen research before 2007

Even before the publication by Ohsawa and colleagues in 2007, biological effects of molecular hydrogen had been investigated in a small scale, as shown below. Dole and colleagues first reported the hydrogen effect in Science in 1975. They placed nude mice carrying squamous cell carcinoma in a chamber with 2.5 % oxygen and 97.5 % hydrogen under 8-atmospheric pressure and observed prominent reduction in the size of the tumors. A similar effect of hyperbaric hydrogen on leukemia was reported in 1978. Hydreliox, which contained 49 % hydrogen, 50 % helium, and 1 % oxygen, was reported to be effective to prevent decompression sickness and nitrogen narcosis for divers working below 500 meters under sea level. An anti-inflammatory effect of hyperbaric hydrogen on a mouse model of schistosomiasis-associated chronic liver inflammation was also reported in 2001. Hyperbaric hydrogen may be effective for some diseases, but only a limited number of studies have been published. The difference between hyperbaric and normobaric hydrogen has not been directly compared to date.

Following a small number of studies with hyperbaric hydrogen, the effect of electrolytically alkaline water has been reported. Shirahata and colleagues hypothesized that the hydrogen atom, which they called active hydrogen, is generated in electrolysis and proposed that active hydrogen scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although it is unlikely that atomic hydrogen is able to exist for a substantial time in our bodies, molecular hydrogen does exist in electrolyzed water and the effects of electrolyzed water have been reported thereafter. Li and colleagues reported that electrolyzed water scavenged ROS and protected a hamster pancreatic beta cell line from alloxan-induced cell damage. Similarly, reduced hemodialysis solution produced by an electrolysis device (Nihon Trim Co. Ltd.) ameliorated oxidative stress in hemodialysis patients. In 2005, researchers in Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine and Nihon Trim started cooperative clinical studies and established the Association of Electrolyzed Water-Hemodialysis Study Group in 2008. According to personal communications with this group, they now believe that the effects of electrolyzed water are likely due to dissolved hydrogen molecules.

In 2005, Yanagihara and colleagues at Miz Co. Ltd. reported that hydrogen-rich neutral water that was produced with their unique electrolysis device reduced oxidative stress in rats. This was a pioneering work, because they explicitly proved that molecular hydrogen but not alkaline in the electrolyzed alkaline water exerts therapeutic effects.

Molecular hydrogen research in and after year 2007

As stated in the introduction, the Nature Medicine paper in 2007 spurred interest in hydrogen research. Figure 1 shows 321 original articles up to June 2015 in the MEDLINE database, which demonstrate the effects of molecular hydrogen on disease models, human diseases, treatment-associated pathologies, and pathophysiological conditions of plants. Most studies were conducted in Japan, China, and the USA, with a predominance of China since 2010 (Fig. 1A). About three-quarters of the articles show the effects in mice and rats (Fig. 1B), but the number of human studies is increasing every year (1 article each in 2008–2009; 2 in 2010; 3 in 2011; 5 in 2012; 9 in 2013; 6 in 2014; and 6 in 2015). In addition, the effects of hydrogen have been reported in plants in 13 articles, which suggest a wide range of effects over various species not restricted to mammals. The effects of molecular hydrogen on plants may warrant application of hydrogen to increase agricultural production. Modalities of hydrogen administration are shown in Fig. 1C. Hydrogen-rich saline, which is almost exclusively used in China, dominates over the others. Hydrogenized saline is administered either by intraperitoneal injection or drip infusion. Hydrogen water is mostly given ad libitum. Hydrogen gas is usually given by inhaling 1–4 % hydrogen gas, which is below the explosion level (4 %). There is a single report, in which hydrogen gas was injected intraperitoneally.

Among the various routes of hydrogen administration shown in Fig. 1C, the best method still remains uncertain. This is partly because only a few reports have addressed the difference of effects among administration methods. We previously showed that drinking hydrogen water, but not continuous hydrogen gas exposure, prevented development of 6-hydorxydopamine-induced Parkinson’s disease in rats. In addition, we recently showed that continuous exposure to hydrogen gas and ad libitum per os administration of hydrogen water modulated signaling pathways and gene expressions in different manners in mice. We demonstrated that hydrogen-responsive genes are divided into four groups: genes that respond favorably to hydrogen gas, those that respond exclusively to hydrogen water, those that respond to both hydrogen gas and water, and those that respond only to the simultaneous administration of gas and water (Fig. 2). As hydrogen gas and water increase the hydrogen concentrations in the rodent body to a similar level, the difference in the organs exposed to a high concentration of hydrogen, the rise time of hydrogen concentration, and/or the area under the curve of hydrogen concentration may account for the difference in the modulated genes. On the other hand, a collation of hydrogen reports indicate that a similar degree of effects can be observed with different modalities of administration. For example, the marked effect of hydrogen on a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury has been reported by four different groups with three different modalities: hydrogen gas, hydrogen water, and hydrogen-rich saline. Similarly, the dramatic effect of hydrogen on animal models of acute myocardial infarction has been reported by eight different groups with two different modalities: hydrogen gas and hydrogen-rich saline. To clarify the difference of hydrogen’s effects with different modalities of administration, each research group should scrutinize the difference of the effects between hydrogen gas, hydrogen water, and hydrogen-rich saline. This would uncover the best modality for each disease model, if any, and also the optimal hydrogen dose.

Table 1 summarizes disease categories for which the effects of hydrogen have been reported. Ohsawa and colleagues reported the hydrogen effect in cerebral infarction and many subsequent studies also showed its effect in ischemia-reperfusion injuries including organ transplantations. Following the initial report by Ohsawa and colleagues, the specific hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of hydrogen has been repeatedly proposed in oxidative stress-mediated diseases including inflammatory diseases and metabolic diseases.

Table 2 shows the details of organs and diseases for which the effects of hydrogen have been reported. Table 2 is an update of our previous review article in 2012. We have now classified the organs and diseases into 31 categories and showed the effects in 166 disease models, human diseases, treatment-associated pathologies, and pathophysiological conditions of plants. Hydrogen is effective in essentially all organs, as well as in plants.

Molecular mechanisms of the effects of hydrogen

Collation of the 321 original articles reveals that most communications address the anti-oxidative stress, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects. Specific scavenging activities of hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, however, cannot fully explain the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects, which should involve a number of fine-tuned signaling pathways. We have shown that hydrogen suppresses signaling pathways in allergies and inflammation without directly scavenging reactive oxygen/nitrogen species. Signaling molecules that are modulated by hydrogen include Lyn, Ras, MEK, ERK, p38, JNK, ASK1, Akt, GTP-Rac1, iNOS, Nox1, NF-κB p65 or NF-κB, IκBα, STAT3, NFATc1, c-Fos, GSK-3β, ROCK. Activities and expressions of these molecules are modified by hydrogen. Master regulator(s) that drive these modifications remain to be elucidated.

The anti-oxidative stress effect of hydrogen was first reported to be conferred by direct elimination of hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite. Subsequent studies indicate that hydrogen activates the Nrf2-Keap1 system. Hydrogen activates Nrf2 and its downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Kawamura and colleagues reported that hydrogen did not mitigate hyperoxic lung injury in Nrf2-knockout mice. Similarly, Ohsawa and colleagues reported that hydrogen enhanced mitochondrial functions and induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2 at the Symposium of Medical Molecular Hydrogen in 2012 and 2013. They proposed that hydrogen induces an adaptive response against oxidative stress, which is also known as a hormesis effect. These studies indicate that the effect of hydrogen is mediated by Nrf2, but the mechanisms of how Nrf2 is activated by hydrogen remain to be solved.

Another interesting mechanism is that hydrogen modulates miRNA expressions. Hydrogen regulates expressions of miR-9, miR-21, and miR-199, and modifies expressions of IKK-β, NF-κB, and PDCD4 in LPS-activated retinal microglia cells. Similarly, analysis of miRNA profiles of hippocampal neurons during I/R injury revealed that hydrogen inhibits I/R-induced expression of the miR-200 family by reducing ROS production, which has led to suppression of cell death. However, modulation of miRNA expression cannot solely explain all the biological effects mediated by hydrogen. In addition, mechanisms underlying modulated miRNA expressions remain to be elucidated.

Matsumoto and colleagues reported that oral intake of hydrogen water increased gastric expression and secretion of ghrelin and that the neuroprotective effect of hydrogen water was abolished by the ghrelin receptor-antagonist and by the ghrelin secretion-antagonist. As stated above, we have shown that hydrogen water, but not hydrogen gas, prevented development of Parkinson’s disease in a rat model. Prominent effect of oral hydrogen intake rather than hydrogen gas inhalation may be partly accounted for by gastric induction of ghrelin.

Recently, Ohta and colleagues showed at the 5th Symposium of Medical Molecular Hydrogen at Nagoya, Japan in 2015 that hydrogen influences a free radical chain reaction of unsaturated fatty acid on cell membrane and modifies its lipid peroxidation process. Furthermore, they demonstrated that air-oxidized phospholipid that was produced either in the presence or absence of hydrogen in vitro, gives rise to different intracellular signaling and gene expression profiles when added to the culture medium. They also showed that this aberrant oxidization of phospholipid was observed with a low concentration of hydrogen (at least 1.3 %), suggesting that the biological effects of hydrogen could be explained by the aberrant oxidation of phospholipid under hydrogen exposure. Among the many molecules that are altered by hydrogen, most are predicted to be passengers (downstream regulators) that are modulated secondarily to a change in a driver (master regulator). The best way to identify the master regulator is to prove the effect of hydrogen in an in vitro system. Although, to our knowledge, the study on lipid peroxidation has not yet been published, the free radical chain reaction for lipid peroxidation might be the second master regulator of hydrogen next to the radical scavenging effect. We are also analyzing other novel molecules as possible master regulators of hydrogen (in preparation). Taken together, hydrogen is likely to have multiple master regulators, which drive a diverse array of downstream regulators and achieve beneficial biological effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and dysmetabolism to name a few (Fig. 3).

These studies all point to the notion that hydrogen modulates intracellular signal transduction systems and regulates the downstream gene expressions to mitigate disease processes. In general, biologically active substances that modulate signaling molecules have both beneficial and noxious effects on our bodies. Hydrogen may also have undisclosed toxic effects, although none have been reported to date to the best of our knowledge. Understanding the exact molecular mechanisms of the effects of hydrogen will elucidate its master regulator(s) and clarify the pros and cons of hydrogen therapy, which will also potentially lead to the development of another therapeutic modality to modulate the master regulator(s). We summarized in Table 3 original articles that addressed biological effects and in vivo kinetics of hydrogen, which were not directly relevant to disease models or human diseases. It is essential to elucidate detailed pharmacokinetics of hydrogen in vivo from the viewpoint of clinical application of hydrogen, although we have accumulated vast knowledge about the effects and not the kinetics of hydrogen in disease models and human diseases. Through these analyses, promising outcomes are expected for more effective administration regimen of hydrogen therapy.

Clinical studies of molecular hydrogen

As stated in the introduction, the number of clinical trials has been increasing since 2011. About half of human studies have been conducted in Japan. Dependable studies recruiting more than ten patients or employing double-blind studies are summarized in Table 4.

Features shared in these clinical studies are that hydrogen exhibits statistically significant effects in patients but the effects are usually not as conspicuous as those observed in rodent models. These can be accounted for by i) the difference in species, ii) technical difficulty in preparing a high concentration of hydrogen water every day for the patients, and iii) the difference between acute and chronic diseases. Further large-scale and long-term clinical studies are expected to prove the effects of hydrogen in humans.

Table 5 shows clinical studies currently registered in Japan. Researchers in Juntendo University have started a large-scale clinical trial of Parkinson’s disease after they have shown the effects of molecular hydrogen in a small number of patients in a short duration. Being prompted by the prominent effects of hydrogen for mouse models with ischemia reperfusion injuries, clinical trials for acute post cardiac arrest syndrome and myocardial infarction have started at Keio University. Similarly, a clinical trial for cerebral infarction has started at the National Defense Medical College.

Conclusions

The number of original articles showing the effects of hydrogen are increasing yearly after 2007, and an extensive review of these articles are getting more and more difficult. Some of these articles, however, are a repetition of previous studies with insignificant novel findings. We suppose that almost all disease models and almost all modalities by which hydrogen is administered have been already examined. Large-scale controlled human studies and elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of hydrogen are the next steps that must be pursued.

A dose–response effect of hydrogen is observed in drinking hydrogen-rich water. A similar dose–response effect is also observed in inhaled hydrogen gas. However, when hydrogen concentrations in drinking water and in inhaled gas are compared, there is no dose–response effect. Hydrogen-rich water generally shows a more prominent effect than hydrogen gas, although the amount of hydrogen taken up by hydrogen water is ~100 times less than that given by hydrogen gas. Gastric secretion of ghrelin may partly account for this difference. Another factor that accounts for the effects of hydrogen is the temporal profile of hydrogen administration. Intermittent inhalation, but not continuous inhalation, of hydrogen is protective against a rat model of Parkinson’s disease, which is against a dose-responsiveness of hydrogen. The prominent effects of molecular hydrogen in a variety of disease models, human diseases, treatment-associated pathologies, and pathophysiological conditions of plants have been disclosed in these 8 years, but unsolved conundrums still challenge us.

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    Not in our library10.1016/j.exer.2011.11.016

  51. 51.

    Abe T, Li XK, Yazawa K, Hatayama N, Xie L, Sato B, et al. Hydrogen-rich University of Wisconsin solution attenuates renal cold ischemia-reperfusion injury. Transplantation. 2012;94(1):14-21.

    Not in our library10.1097/tp.0b013e318255f8be

  52. 52.

    Noda K, Shigemura N, Tanaka Y, Kawamura T, Hyun Lim S, Kokubo K, et al. A novel method of preserving cardiac grafts using a hydrogen-rich water bath. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2013;32(2):241-50.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.healun.2012.11.004

  53. 53.

    Huang CS, Kawamura T, Peng X, Tochigi N, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, et al. Hydrogen inhalation reduced epithelial apoptosis in ventilator-induced lung injury via a mechanism involving nuclear factor-kappa B activation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;408(2):253-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.04.008

  54. 54.

    Song G, Tian H, Liu J, Zhang H, Sun X, Qin S. H2 inhibits TNF-alpha-induced lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 expression by inhibiting nuclear factor kappaB activation in endothelial cells. Biotechnol Lett. 2011;33(9):1715-22.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10529-011-0630-8

  55. 55.

    Kubota M, Shimmura S, Kubota S, Miyashita H, Kato N, Noda K, et al. Hydrogen and N-acetyl-L-cysteine rescue oxidative stress-induced angiogenesis in a mouse corneal alkali-burn model. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52(1):427-33.

    Not in our library10.1167/iovs.10-6167

  56. 56.

    Ji Q, Hui K, Zhang L, Sun X, Li W, Duan M. The effect of hydrogen-rich saline on the brain of rats with transient ischemia. J Surg Res. 2011;168(1):e95-101.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2011.01.057

  57. 57.

    Shen L, Wang J, Liu K, Wang C, Wang C, Wu H, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline is cerebroprotective in a rat model of deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. Neurochem Res. 2011;36(8):1501-11.

    Not in our library10.1007/s11064-011-0476-4

  58. 58.

    Qin ZX, Yu P, Qian DH, Song MB, Tan H, Yu Y, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline prevents neointima formation after carotid balloon injury by suppressing ROS and the TNF-alpha/NF-kappaB pathway. Atherosclerosis. 2012;220(2):343-50.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.002

  59. 59.

    Song G, Tian H, Qin S, Sun X, Yao S, Zong C, et al. Hydrogen decreases athero-susceptibility in apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins and aorta of apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Atherosclerosis. 2012;221(1):55-65.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.043

  60. 60.

    Zheng H, Yu YS. Chronic hydrogen-rich saline treatment attenuates vascular dysfunction in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Biochem Pharmacol. 2012;83(9):1269-77.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bcp.2012.01.031

  61. 61.

    Hong Y, Guo S, Chen S, Sun C, Zhang J, Sun X. Beneficial effect of hydrogen-rich saline on cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Neurosci Res. 2012;90(8):1670-80.

    Not in our library10.1002/jnr.22739

  62. 62.

    Guo JD, Li L, Shi YM, Wang HD, Hou SX. Hydrogen water consumption prevents osteopenia in ovariectomized rats. Br J Pharmacol. 2013;168(6):1412-20.

    Not in our library10.1111/bph.12036

  63. 63.

    Xiao M, Zhu T, Wang T, Wen FQ. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces airway remodeling via inactivation of NF-kappaB in a murine model of asthma. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2013;17(8):1033-43.

    Not in our library

  64. 64.

    Liu GD, Zhang H, Wang L, Han Q, Zhou SF, Liu P. Molecular hydrogen regulates the expression of miR-9, miR-21 and miR-199 in LPS-activated retinal microglia cells. Int J Ophthalmol. 2013;6(3):280-5.

    Not in our library10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.03.05

  65. 65.

    Li FY, Zhu SX, Wang ZP, Wang H, Zhao Y, Chen GP. Consumption of hydrogen-rich water protects against ferric nitrilotriacetate-induced nephrotoxicity and early tumor promotional events in rats. Food Chem Toxicol. 2013;61:248-54.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.fct.2013.10.004

  66. 66.

    Zhuang Z, Sun XJ, Zhang X, Liu HD, You WC, Ma CY, et al. Nuclear factor-kappaB/Bcl-XL pathway is involved in the protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on the brain following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. J Neurosci Res. 2013;91(12):1599-608.

    Not in our library10.1002/jnr.23281

  67. 67.

    Tan YC, Xie F, Zhang HL, Zhu YL, Chen K, Tan HM, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates postoperative liver failure after major hepatectomy in rats. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2014;38(3):337-45.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.clinre.2013.11.007

  68. 68.

    Zhang J, Wu Q, Song S, Wan Y, Zhang R, Tai M, et al. Effect of hydrogen-rich water on acute peritonitis of rat models. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014;21(1):94-101.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.intimp.2014.04.011

  69. 69.

    Xin HG, Zhang BB, Wu ZQ, Hang XF, Xu WS, Ni W, et al. Consumption of hydrogen-rich water alleviates renal injury in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2014;392(1–2):117-24.

    Not in our library10.1007/s11010-014-2024-4

  70. 70.

    Wang X, Yu P, Yong Y, Liu X, Jiang J, Liu D, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline resuscitation alleviates inflammation induced by severe burn with delayed resuscitation. Burns. 2015;41(2):379-85.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.burns.2014.07.012

  71. 71.

    Zhang CB, Tang YC, Xu XJ, Guo SX, Wang HZ. Hydrogen gas inhalation protects against liver ischemia/reperfusion injury by activating the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med. 2015;9(6):2114-20.

    Not in our library10.3892/etm.2015.2385

  72. 72.

    Shi Q, Liao KS, Zhao KL, Wang WX, Zuo T, Deng WH, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates acute renal injury in sodium taurocholate-induced severe acute pancreatitis by inhibiting ROS and NF-kappaB pathway. Mediators Inflamm. 2015;2015:685043.

    Not in our library10.1155/2015/685043

  73. 73.

    Shao A, Wu H, Hong Y, Tu S, Sun X, Wu Q et al. Hydrogen-Rich Saline Attenuated Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-Induced Early Brain Injury in Rats by Suppressing Inflammatory Response: Possible Involvement of NF-kappaB Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome. Mol Neurobiol. 2015. doi:10.1007/s12035-015-9242-y.

    Not in our library10.1007/s12035-015-9242-y

  74. 74.

    Chen X, Liu Q, Wang D, Feng S, Zhao Y, Shi Y, et al. Protective Effects of Hydrogen-Rich Saline on Rats with Smoke Inhalation Injury. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2015;2015:106836.

    Not in our library10.1155/2015/106836

  75. 75.

    Kohama K, Yamashita H, Aoyama-Ishikawa M, Takahashi T, Billiar TR, Nishimura T, et al. Hydrogen inhalation protects against acute lung injury induced by hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Surgery. 2015;158(2):399-407.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.surg.2015.03.038

  76. 76.

    Ren JD, Ma J, Hou J, Xiao WJ, Jin WH, Wu J, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and attenuates experimental acute pancreatitis in mice. Mediators Inflamm. 2014;2014:930894.

    Not in our library10.1155/2014/930894

  77. 77.

    Liu FT, Xu SM, Xiang ZH, Li XN, Li J, Yuan HB, et al. Molecular hydrogen suppresses reactive astrogliosis related to oxidative injury during spinal cord injury in rats. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2014;20(8):778-86.

    Not in our library10.1111/cns.12258

  78. 78.

    Kishimoto Y, Kato T, Ito M, Azuma Y, Fukasawa Y, Ohno K, et al. Hydrogen ameliorates pulmonary hypertension in rats by anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2015;150:645-654.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.05.052

  79. 79.

    Zhang L, Shu R, Wang C, Wang H, Li N, Wang G. Hydrogen-rich saline controls remifentanil-induced hypernociception and NMDA receptor NR1 subunit membrane trafficking through GSK-3beta in the DRG in rats. Brain Res Bull. 2014;106:47-55.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainresbull.2014.05.005

  80. 80.

    Xie K, Wang W, Chen H, Han H, Liu D, Wang G, et al. Hydrogen-Rich Medium Attenuated Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Monocyte-Endothelial Cell Adhesion and Vascular Endothelial Permeability via Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Protein Kinase. Shock. 2015;44(1):58-64.

    Not in our library10.1097/shk.0000000000000365

  81. 81.
    Molecular hydrogen reduces LPS-induced neuroinflammation and promotes recovery from sickness behaviour in mice. · 2012
    Not checked
  82. 82.

    Kawamura T, Wakabayashi N, Shigemura N, Huang CS, Masutani K, Tanaka Y, et al. Hydrogen gas reduces hyperoxic lung injury via the Nrf2 pathway in vivo. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2013;304(10):L646-56.

    Not in our library10.1152/ajplung.00164.2012

  83. 83.

    Zhai X, Chen X, Shi J, Shi D, Ye Z, Liu W, et al. Lactulose ameliorates cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by inducing hydrogen by activating Nrf2 expression. Free Radic Biol Med. 2013;65:731-41.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2013.08.004

  84. 84.

    Xie Q, Li XX, Zhang P, Li JC, Cheng Y, Feng YL, et al. Hydrogen gas protects against serum and glucose deprivationinduced myocardial injury in H9c2 cells through activation of the NFE2related factor 2/heme oxygenase 1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep. 2014;10(2):1143-9.

    Not in our library10.3892/mmr.2014.2283

  85. 85.

    Song G, Zong C, Zhang Z, Yu Y, Yao S, Jiao P, et al. Molecular Hydrogen stabilizes atherosclerotic plaque in low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout mice. Free Radic Biol Med. 2015;87:58-68.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.06.018

  86. 86.

    Li Y, Xie K, Chen H, Wang G, Yu Y. Hydrogen gas inhibits high-mobility group box 1 release in septic mice by upregulation of heme oxygenase 1. J Surg Res. 2015;196(1):136-48.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2015.02.042

  87. 87.

    Li Y, Li Q, Chen H, Wang T, Liu L, Wang G, et al. Hydrogen Gas Alleviates the Intestinal Injury Caused by Severe Sepsis in Mice by Increasing the Expression of Heme Oxygenase-1. Shock. 2015;44(1):90-8.

    Not in our library10.1097/shk.0000000000000382

  88. 88.

    Kawamura T, Huang CS, Peng X, Masutani K, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, et al. The effect of donor treatment with hydrogen on lung allograft function in rats. Surgery. 2011;150(2):240-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.surg.2011.05.019

  89. 89.

    Buchholz BM, Masutani K, Kawamura T, Peng X, Toyoda Y, Billiar TR, et al. Hydrogen-enriched preservation protects the isogeneic intestinal graft and amends recipient gastric function during transplantation. Transplantation. 2011;92(9):985-92.

    Not in our library10.1097/tp.0b013e318230159d

  90. 90.

    Chen HG, Xie KL, Han HZ, Wang WN, Liu DQ, Wang GL, et al. Heme oxygenase-1 mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of molecular hydrogen in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int J Surg. 2013;11(10):1060-6.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijsu.2013.10.007

  91. 91.

    Lin Y, Zhang W, Qi F, Cui W, Xie Y, Shen W. Hydrogen-rich water regulates cucumber adventitious root development in a heme oxygenase-1/carbon monoxide-dependent manner. J Plant Physiol. 2014;171(2):1-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jplph.2013.08.009

  92. 92.

    Chen Y, Chen H, Xie K, Liu L, Li Y, Yu Y, et al. H Treatment Attenuated Pain Behavior and Cytokine Release Through the HO-1/CO Pathway in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Inflammation. 2015;38:1835-46.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10753-015-0161-x

  93. 93.

    Yu J, Zhang W, Zhang R, Ruan X, Ren P, Lu B. Lactulose accelerates liver regeneration in rats by inducing hydrogen. J Surg Res. 2015;195(1):128-35.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2015.01.034

  94. 94.

    Wei R, Zhang R, Xie Y, Shen L, Chen F. Hydrogen Suppresses Hypoxia/Reoxygenation-Induced Cell Death in Hippocampal Neurons Through Reducing Oxidative Stress. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2015;36(2):585-98.

    Not in our library10.1159/000430122

  95. 95.

    Matsumoto A, Yamafuji M, Tachibana T, Nakabeppu Y, Noda M, Nakaya H. Oral ‘hydrogen water’ induces neuroprotective ghrelin secretion in mice. Sci Rep. 2013;3:3273.

    Not in our library10.1038/srep03273

  96. 96.

    Yoritaka A, Takanashi M, Hirayama M, Nakahara T, Ohta S, Hattori N. Pilot study of H(2) therapy in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Mov Disord. 2013;28(6):836-9.

    Not in our library10.1002/mds.25375

  97. 97.
    Hydrogen in Drinking Water Reduces Dopaminergic Neuronal Loss in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease · 2009
    No notice
  98. 98.

    Fukuda K, Asoh S, Ishikawa M, Yamamoto Y, Ohsawa I, Ohta S. Inhalation of hydrogen gas suppresses hepatic injury caused by ischemia/reperfusion through reducing oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2007;361(3):670-4.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.07.088

  99. 99.

    Chen CH, Manaenko A, Zhan Y, Liu WW, Ostrowki RP, Tang J, et al. Hydrogen gas reduced acute hyperglycemia-enhanced hemorrhagic transformation in a focal ischemia rat model. Neuroscience. 2010;169(1):402-14.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.04.043

  100. 100.

    Hugyecz M, Mracsko E, Hertelendy P, Farkas E, Domoki F, Bari F. Hydrogen supplemented air inhalation reduces changes of prooxidant enzyme and gap junction protein levels after transient global cerebral ischemia in the rat hippocampus. Brain Res. 2011;1404:31-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.068

  101. 101.

    Ono H, Nishijima Y, Adachi N, Tachibana S, Chitoku S, Mukaihara S, et al. Improved brain MRI indices in the acute brain stem infarct sites treated with hydroxyl radical scavengers, Edaravone and hydrogen, as compared to Edaravone alone. A non-controlled study. Med Gas Res. 2011;1(1):12.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-1-12

  102. 102.

    Liu Y, Liu W, Sun X, Li R, Sun Q, Cai J, et al. Hydrogen saline offers neuroprotection by reducing oxidative stress in a focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model. Med Gas Res. 2011;1(1):15.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-1-15

  103. 103.

    Li J, Dong Y, Chen H, Han H, Yu Y, Wang G, et al. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia via reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines. Brain Res. 2012;1486:103-11.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainres.2012.09.031

  104. 104.

    Nagatani K, Wada K, Takeuchi S, Kobayashi H, Uozumi Y, Otani N, et al. Effect of hydrogen gas on the survival rate of mice following global cerebral ischemia. Shock. 2012;37(6):645-52.

    Not in our library10.1097/shk.0b013e31824ed57c

  105. 105.

    Ge P, Zhao J, Li S, Ding Y, Yang F, Luo Y. Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates cognitive impairment in transient cerebral ischemia via inhibition of oxidative stress. Neurol Res. 2012;34(2):187-94.

    Not in our library10.1179/1743132812y.0000000002

  106. 106.

    Nagatani K, Nawashiro H, Takeuchi S, Tomura S, Otani N, Osada H, et al. Safety of intravenous administration of hydrogen-enriched fluid in patients with acute cerebral ischemia: initial clinical studies. Med Gas Res. 2013;3(1):13.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-3-13

  107. 107.

    Olah O, Toth-Szuki V, Temesvari P, Bari F, Domoki F. Delayed neurovascular dysfunction is alleviated by hydrogen in asphyxiated newborn pigs. Neonatology. 2013;104(2):79-86.

    Not in our library10.1159/000348445

  108. 108.

    Cui Y, Zhang H, Ji M, Jia M, Chen H, Yang J, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates neuronal ischemia--reperfusion injury by protecting mitochondrial function in rats. J Surg Res. 2014;192(2):564-72.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2014.05.060

  109. 109.

    Han L, Tian R, Yan H, Pei L, Hou Z, Hao S, et al. Hydrogen-rich water protects against ischemic brain injury in rats by regulating calcium buffering proteins. Brain Res. 2015;1615:129-38.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainres.2015.04.038

  110. 110.

    Takeuchi S, Nagatani K, Otani N, Nawashiro H, Sugawara T, Wada K, et al. Hydrogen improves neurological function through attenuation of blood–brain barrier disruption in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats. BMC Neurosci. 2015;16(1):22.

    Not in our library10.1186/s12868-015-0165-3

  111. 111.

    Zhuang Z, Zhou ML, You WC, Zhu L, Ma CY, Sun XJ, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline alleviates early brain injury via reducing oxidative stress and brain edema following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rabbits. BMC Neurosci. 2012;13:47.

    Not in our library10.1186/1471-2202-13-47

  112. 112.

    Zhan Y, Chen C, Suzuki H, Hu Q, Zhi X, Zhang JH. Hydrogen gas ameliorates oxidative stress in early brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Crit Care Med. 2012;40(4):1291-6.

    Not in our library10.1097/ccm.0b013e31823da96d

  113. 113.

    Takeuchi S, Mori K, Arimoto H, Fujii K, Nagatani K, Tomura S, et al. Effects of intravenous infusion of hydrogen-rich fluid combined with intra-cisternal infusion of magnesium sulfate in severe aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Neurol. 2014;14:176.

    Not in our library10.1186/s12883-014-0176-1

  114. 114.

    Ji X, Liu W, Xie K, Liu W, Qu Y, Chao X, et al. Beneficial effects of hydrogen gas in a rat model of traumatic brain injury via reducing oxidative stress. Brain Res. 2010;1354:196-205.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainres.2010.07.038

  115. 115.

    Eckermann JM, Chen W, Jadhav V, Hsu FP, Colohan AR, Tang J, et al. Hydrogen is neuroprotective against surgically induced brain injury. Med Gas Res. 2011;1(1):7.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-1-7

  116. 116.

    Hou Z, Luo W, Sun X, Hao S, Zhang Y, Xu F, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against oxidative damage and cognitive deficits after mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Res Bull. 2012;88(6):560-5.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainresbull.2012.06.006

  117. 117.

    Ji X, Tian Y, Xie K, Liu W, Qu Y, Fei Z. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in a rat model of traumatic brain injury via reducing oxidative stress. J Surg Res. 2012;178(1):e9-16.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2011.12.038

  118. 118.

    Dohi K, Kraemer BC, Erickson MA, McMillan PJ, Kovac A, Flachbartova Z, et al. Molecular hydrogen in drinking water protects against neurodegenerative changes induced by traumatic brain injury. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e108034.

    Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0108034

  119. 119.

    Fu Y, Ito M, Fujita Y, Ito M, Ichihara M, Masuda A, et al. Molecular hydrogen is protective against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced nigrostriatal degeneration in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Neurosci Lett. 2009;453(2):81-5.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.016

  120. 120.

    Li J, Wang C, Zhang JH, Cai JM, Cao YP, Sun XJ. Hydrogen-rich saline improves memory function in a rat model of amyloid-beta-induced Alzheimer’s disease by reduction of oxidative stress. Brain Res. 2010;1328:152-61.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainres.2010.02.046

  121. 121.

    Nagata K, Nakashima-Kamimura N, Mikami T, Ohsawa I, Ohta S. Consumption of molecular hydrogen prevents the stress-induced impairments in hippocampus-dependent learning tasks during chronic physical restraint in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2009;34(2):501-8.

    Not in our library10.1038/npp.2008.95

  122. 122.

    Gu Y, Huang CS, Inoue T, Yamashita T, Ishida T, Kang KM, et al. Drinking hydrogen water ameliorated cognitive impairment in senescence-accelerated mice. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010;46(3):269-76.

    Not in our library10.3164/jcbn.10-19

  123. 123.

    Liu L, Xie K, Chen H, Dong X, Li Y, Yu Y, et al. Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates brain injury in mice with cecal ligation and puncture via inhibiting neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis. Brain Res. 2014;1589:78-92.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainres.2014.09.030

  124. 124.

    Ueda Y, Nakajima A, Oikawa T. Hydrogen-related enhancement of in vivo antioxidant ability in the brain of rats fed coral calcium hydride. Neurochem Res. 2010;35(10):1510-5.

    Not in our library10.1007/s11064-010-0204-5

  125. 125.

    Kashiwagi T, Yan H, Hamasaki T, Kinjo T, Nakamichi N, Teruya K, et al. Electrochemically reduced water protects neural cells from oxidative damage. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:869121.

    Not in our library10.1155/2014/869121

  126. 126.

    Huang Y, Xie K, Li J, Xu N, Gong G, Wang G, et al. Beneficial effects of hydrogen gas against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. Brain Res. 2011;1378:125-36.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainres.2010.12.071

  127. 127.

    Zhou L, Wang X, Xue W, Xie K, Huang Y, Chen H, et al. Beneficial effects of hydrogen-rich saline against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. Brain Res. 2013;1517:150-60.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.007

  128. 128.

    Chen C, Chen Q, Mao Y, Xu S, Xia C, Shi X, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against spinal cord injury in rats. Neurochem Res. 2010;35(7):1111-8.

    Not in our library10.1007/s11064-010-0162-y

  129. 129.

    Ge Y, Wu F, Sun X, Xiang Z, Yang L, Huang S, et al. Intrathecal infusion of hydrogen-rich normal saline attenuates neuropathic pain via inhibition of activation of spinal astrocytes and microglia in rats. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e97436.

    Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0097436

  130. 130.

    Kawaguchi M, Satoh Y, Otsubo Y, Kazama T. Molecular hydrogen attenuates neuropathic pain in mice. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e100352.

    Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0100352

  131. 131.

    Zhang L, Shu R, Wang H, Yu Y, Wang C, Yang M, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline prevents remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia and inhibits MnSOD nitration via regulation of NR2B-containing NMDA receptor in rats. Neuroscience. 2014;280:171-80.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.024

  132. 132.

    Shu RC, Zhang LL, Wang CY, Li N, Wang HY, Xie KL, et al. Spinal peroxynitrite contributes to remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia via enhancement of divalent metal transporter 1 without iron-responsive element-mediated iron accumulation in rats. Anesthesiology. 2015;122(4):908-20.

    Not in our library10.1097/aln.0000000000000562

  133. 133.

    Oharazawa H, Igarashi T, Yokota T, Fujii H, Suzuki H, Machide M, et al. Protection of the retina by rapid diffusion of hydrogen: administration of hydrogen-loaded eye drops in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010;51(1):487-92.

    Not in our library10.1167/iovs.09-4089

  134. 134.

    Liu H, Hua N, Xie K, Zhao T, Yu Y. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces cell death through inhibition of DNA oxidative stress and overactivation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep. 2015;12(2):2495-502.

    Not in our library10.3892/mmr.2015.3731

  135. 135.

    Xiao X, Cai J, Xu J, Wang R, Cai J, Liu Y, et al. Protective effects of hydrogen saline on diabetic retinopathy in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2012;28(1):76-82.

    Not in our library10.1089/jop.2010.0129

  136. 136.

    Feng Y, Wang R, Xu J, Sun J, Xu T, Gu Q, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline prevents early neurovascular dysfunction resulting from inhibition of oxidative stress in STZ-diabetic rats. Curr Eye Res. 2013;38(3):396-404.

    Not in our library10.3109/02713683.2012.748919

  137. 137.

    Huang L, Zhao S, Zhang JH, Sun X. Hydrogen saline treatment attenuates hyperoxia-induced retinopathy by inhibition of oxidative stress and reduction of VEGF expression. Ophthalmic Res. 2012;47(3):122-7.

    Not in our library10.1159/000329600

  138. 138.

    Feng M, Wang XH, Yang XB, Xiao Q, Jiang FG. Protective effect of saturated hydrogen saline against blue light-induced retinal damage in rats. Int J Ophthalmol. 2012;5(2):151-7.

    Not in our library10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.02.07

  139. 139.

    Tian L, Zhang L, Xia F, An J, Sugita Y, Zhang Z. Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the retina against light-induced damage in rats. Med Gas Res. 2013;3(1):19.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-3-19

  140. 140.

    Yokota T, Kamimura N, Igarashi T, Takahashi H, Ohta S, Oharazawa H. Protective effect of molecular hydrogen against oxidative stress caused by peroxynitrite derived from nitric oxide in rat retina. Clin Experiment Ophthalmol. 2015;43:568-77.

    Not in our library10.1111/ceo.12525

  141. 141.

    Sun JC, Xu T, Zuo Q, Wang RB, Qi AQ, Cao WL, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline promotes survival of retinal ganglion cells in a rat model of optic nerve crush. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e99299.

    Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0099299

  142. 142.

    Yang CX, Yan H, Ding TB. Hydrogen saline prevents selenite-induced cataract in rats. Mol Vis. 2013;19:1684-93.

    Not in our library

  143. 143.

    Kikkawa YS, Nakagawa T, Horie RT, Ito J. Hydrogen protects auditory hair cells from free radicals. Neuroreport. 2009;20(7):689-94.

    Not in our library10.1097/wnr.0b013e32832a5c68

  144. 144.

    Taura A, Kikkawa YS, Nakagawa T, Ito J. Hydrogen protects vestibular hair cells from free radicals. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 2010;130(563):95-100.

    Not in our library10.3109/00016489.2010.486799

  145. 145.

    Lin Y, Kashio A, Sakamoto T, Suzukawa K, Kakigi A, Yamasoba T. Hydrogen in drinking water attenuates noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. Neurosci Lett. 2011;487(1):12-6.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neulet.2010.09.064

  146. 146.

    Zhou Y, Zheng H, Ruan F, Chen X, Zheng G, Kang M, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline alleviates experimental noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs. Neuroscience. 2012;209:47-53.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.02.028

  147. 147.

    Chen L, Yu N, Lu Y, Wu L, Chen D, Guo W, et al. Hydrogen-saturated saline protects intensive narrow band noise-induced hearing loss in guinea pigs through an antioxidant effect. PLoS One. 2014;9(6):e100774.

    Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0100774

  148. 148.

    Kurioka T, Matsunobu T, Satoh Y, Niwa K, Shiotani A. Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of noise-induced hearing loss through reducing reactive oxygen species. Neurosci Res. 2014;89:69-74.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neures.2014.08.009

  149. 149.

    Qu J, Li X, Wang J, Mi W, Xie K, Qiu J. Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via reducing oxidative stress. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2012;76(1):111-5.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.10.014

  150. 150.

    Kikkawa YS, Nakagawa T, Taniguchi M, Ito J. Hydrogen protects auditory hair cells from cisplatin-induced free radicals. Neurosci Lett. 2014;579:125-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neulet.2014.07.025

  151. 151.

    Qu J, Gan YN, Xie KL, Liu WB, Wang YF, Hei RY, et al. Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates ouabain-induced auditory neuropathy in gerbils. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2012;33(4):445-51.

    Not in our library10.1038/aps.2011.190

  152. 152.

    Tomofuji T, Kawabata Y, Kasuyama K, Endo Y, Yoneda T, Yamane M, et al. Effects of hydrogen-rich water on aging periodontal tissues in rats. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5534.

    Not in our library10.1038/srep05534

  153. 153.

    Shi J, Yao F, Zhong C, Pan X, Yang Y, Lin Q. Hydrogen saline is protective for acute lung ischaemia/reperfusion injuries in rats. Heart Lung Circ. 2012;21(9):556-63.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.782

  154. 154.

    Li H, Zhou R, Liu J, Li Q, Zhang J, Mu J, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates lung ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. J Surg Res. 2012;174(1):e11-6.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2011.10.001

  155. 155.

    Zheng J, Liu K, Kang Z, Cai J, Liu W, Xu W, et al. Saturated hydrogen saline protects the lung against oxygen toxicity. Undersea Hyperb Med. 2010;37(3):185-92.

    Not in our library

  156. 156.

    Sun Q, Cai J, Liu S, Liu Y, Xu W, Tao H, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline provides protection against hyperoxic lung injury. J Surg Res. 2011;165(1):e43-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2010.09.024

  157. 157.

    Huang CS, Kawamura T, Lee S, Tochigi N, Shigemura N, Buchholz BM, et al. Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates ventilator-induced lung injury. Crit Care. 2010;14(6):R234.

    Not in our library10.1186/cc9389

  158. 158.

    Liu H, Liang X, Wang D, Zhang H, Liu L, Chen H, et al. Combination therapy with nitric oxide and molecular hydrogen in a murine model of acute lung injury. Shock. 2015;43(5):504-11.

    Not in our library10.1097/shk.0000000000000316

  159. 159.

    Mao YF, Zheng XF, Cai JM, You XM, Deng XM, Zhang JH, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;381(4):602-5.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.02.105

  160. 160.

    Fang Y, Fu XJ, Gu C, Xu P, Wang Y, Yu WR, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against acute lung injury induced by extensive burn in rat model. J Burn Care Res. 2011;32(3):e82-91.

    Not in our library10.1097/bcr.0b013e318217f84f

  161. 161.

    Liu S, Liu K, Sun Q, Liu W, Xu W, Denoble P, et al. Consumption of hydrogen water reduces paraquat-induced acute lung injury in rats. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2011;2011:305086.

    Not in our library10.1155/2011/305086

  162. 162.

    Sato C, Kamijo Y, Yoshimura K, Nagaki T, Yamaya T, Asakuma S, et al. Effects of hydrogen water on paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. Kitasato Med J. 2015;45(1):9-16.

    Not in our library

  163. 163.

    Ning Y, Shang Y, Huang H, Zhang J, Dong Y, Xu W, et al. Attenuation of cigarette smoke-induced airway mucus production by hydrogen-rich saline in rats. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e83429.

    Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0083429

  164. 164.

    He B, Zhang Y, Kang B, Xiao J, Xie B, Wang Z. Protection of oral hydrogen water as an antioxidant on pulmonary hypertension. Mol Biol Rep. 2013;40(9):5513-21.

    Not in our library10.1007/s11033-013-2653-9

  165. 165.

    Hayashi T, Yoshioka T, Hasegawa K, Miyamura M, Mori T, Ukimura A, et al. Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates left ventricular remodeling induced by intermittent hypoxia in mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2011;301(3):H1062-9.

    Not in our library10.1152/ajpheart.00150.2011

  166. 166.

    Kato R, Nomura A, Sakamoto A, Yasuda Y, Amatani K, Nagai S, et al. Hydrogen gas attenuates embryonic gene expression and prevents left ventricular remodeling induced by intermittent hypoxia in cardiomyopathic hamsters. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2014;307(11):H1626-33.

    Not in our library10.1152/ajpheart.00228.2014

  167. 167.

    Yu YS, Zheng H. Chronic hydrogen-rich saline treatment reduces oxidative stress and attenuates left ventricular hypertrophy in spontaneous hypertensive rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 2012;365(1–2):233-42.

    Not in our library10.1007/s11010-012-1264-4

  168. 168.

    Zhang JY, Wu QF, Wan Y, Song SD, Xu J, Xu XS, et al. Protective role of hydrogen-rich water on aspirin-induced gastric mucosal damage in rats. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20(6):1614-22.

    Not in our library10.3748/wjg.v20.i6.1614

  169. 169.

    Xue J, Shang G, Tanaka Y, Saihara Y, Hou L, Velasquez N, et al. Dose-dependent inhibition of gastric injury by hydrogen in alkaline electrolyzed drinking water. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2014;14:81.

    Not in our library10.1186/1472-6882-14-81

  170. 170.

    Zheng X, Mao Y, Cai J, Li Y, Liu W, Sun P, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against intestinal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Free Radic Res. 2009;43(5):478-84.

    Not in our library10.1080/10715760902870603

  171. 171.

    Chen H, Sun YP, Hu PF, Liu WW, Xiang HG, Li Y, et al. The effects of hydrogen-rich saline on the contractile and structural changes of intestine induced by ischemia-reperfusion in rats. J Surg Res. 2011;167(2):316-22.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2009.07.045

  172. 172.

    Kajiya M, Silva MJ, Sato K, Ouhara K, Kawai T. Hydrogen mediates suppression of colon inflammation induced by dextran sodium sulfate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;386(1):11-5.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.05.117

  173. 173.

    He J, Xiong S, Zhang J, Wang J, Sun A, Mei X, et al. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline on ulcerative colitis rat model. J Surg Res. 2013;185(1):174-81.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2013.05.047

  174. 174.

    Chen X, Zhai X, Shi J, Liu WW, Tao H, Sun X, et al. Lactulose mediates suppression of dextran sodium sulfate-induced colon inflammation by increasing hydrogen production. Dig Dis Sci. 2013;58(6):1560-8.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10620-013-2563-7

  175. 175.

    Sheng Q, Lv Z, Cai W, Song H, Qian L, Wang X. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline on necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal rats. J Pediatr Surg. 2013;48(8):1697-706.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.11.038

  176. 176.

    Nishimura N, Tanabe H, Sasaki Y, Makita Y, Ohata M, Yokoyama S, et al. Pectin and high-amylose maize starch increase caecal hydrogen production and relieve hepatic ischaemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Br J Nutr. 2012;107(4):485-92.

    Not in our library10.1017/s0007114511003229

  177. 177.

    Liu Y, Yang L, Tao K, Vizcaychipi MP, Lloyd DM, Sun X, et al. Protective effects of hydrogen enriched saline on liver ischemia reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress and HMGB1 release. BMC Gastroenterol. 2014;14:12.

    Not in our library10.1186/1471-230x-14-12

  178. 178.

    Matsuno N, Watanabe R, Kimura M, Iwata S, Fujiyama M, Kono S, et al. Beneficial effects of hydrogen gas on porcine liver reperfusion injury with use of total vascular exclusion and active venous bypass. Transplant Proc. 2014;46(4):1104-6.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.11.134

  179. 179.

    Xia C, Liu W, Zeng D, Zhu L, Sun X, Sun X. Effect of hydrogen-rich water on oxidative stress, liver function, and viral load in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Clin Transl Sci. 2013;6(5):372-5.

    Not in our library10.1111/cts.12076

  180. 180.

    Kawai D, Takaki A, Nakatsuka A, Wada J, Tamaki N, Yasunaka T, et al. Hydrogen-rich water prevents progression of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and accompanying hepatocarcinogenesis in mice. Hepatology. 2012;56(3):912-21.

    Not in our library10.1002/hep.25782

  181. 181.

    Xiang L, Tan JW, Huang LJ, Jia L, Liu YQ, Zhao YQ, et al. Inhalation of hydrogen gas reduces liver injury during major hepatotectomy in swine. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18(37):5197-204.

    Not in our library10.3748/wjg.v18.i37.5197

  182. 182.

    Kajiya M, Sato K, Silva MJ, Ouhara K, Do PM, Shanmugam KT, et al. Hydrogen from intestinal bacteria is protective for Concanavalin A-induced hepatitis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009;386(2):316-21.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.024

  183. 183.

    Lee PC, Yang YY, Huang CS, Hsieh SL, Lee KC, Hsieh YC, et al. Concomitant inhibition of oxidative stress and angiogenesis by chronic hydrogen-rich saline and N-acetylcysteine treatments improves systemic, splanchnic and hepatic hemodynamics of cirrhotic rats. Hepatol Res. 2015;45(5):578-88.

    Not in our library10.1111/hepr.12379

  184. 184.

    Koyama Y, Taura K, Hatano E, Tanabe K, Yamamoto G, Nakamura K, et al. Effects of oral intake of hydrogen water on liver fibrogenesis in mice. Hepatol Res. 2014;44(6):663-77.

    Not in our library10.1111/hepr.12165

  185. 185.

    Chen H, Sun YP, Li Y, Liu WW, Xiang HG, Fan LY, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates the severity of l-arginine-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;393(2):308-13.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.02.005

  186. 186.

    Ren J, Luo Z, Tian F, Wang Q, Li K, Wang C. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces the oxidative stress and relieves the severity of trauma-induced acute pancreatitis in rats. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012;72(6):1555-61.

    Not in our library10.1097/ta.0b013e31824a7913

  187. 187.

    Zhang DQ, Feng H, Chen WC. Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on taurocholate-induced acute pancreatitis in rat. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:731932.

    Not in our library10.1155/2013/731932

  188. 188.

    Zhu WJ, Nakayama M, Mori T, Nakayama K, Katoh J, Murata Y, et al. Intake of water with high levels of dissolved hydrogen (H2) suppresses ischemia-induced cardio-renal injury in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(7):2112-8.

    Not in our library10.1093/ndt/gfq727

  189. 189.

    Shingu C, Koga H, Hagiwara S, Matsumoto S, Goto K, Yokoi I, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline solution attenuates renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. J Anesth. 2010;24(4):569-74.

    Not in our library10.1007/s00540-010-0942-1

  190. 190.

    Wang F, Yu G, Liu SY, Li JB, Wang JF, Bo LL, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Surg Res. 2011;167(2):e339-44.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2010.11.005

  191. 191.

    Xu B, Zhang YB, Li ZZ, Yang MW, Wang S, Jiang DP. Hydrogen-rich saline ameliorates renal injury induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction in rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2013;17(2):447-52.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.intimp.2013.06.033

  192. 192.

    Gu H, Yang M, Zhao X, Zhao B, Sun X, Gao X. Pretreatment with hydrogen-rich saline reduces the damage caused by glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis and acute kidney injury in rats. J Surg Res. 2014;188(1):243-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2013.12.007

  193. 193.

    Liu W, Dong XS, Sun YQ, Liu Z. A novel fluid resuscitation protocol: provide more protection on acute kidney injury during septic shock in rats. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014;7(4):919-26.

    Not in our library

  194. 194.

    Homma K, Yoshida T, Yamashita M, Hayashida K, Hayashi M, Hori S. Inhalation of Hydrogen Gas Is Beneficial for Preventing Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Rats. Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2015. doi:10.1159/000369068.

    Not in our library10.1159/000369068

  195. 195.

    Nakashima-Kamimura N, Mori T, Ohsawa I, Asoh S, Ohta S. Molecular hydrogen alleviates nephrotoxicity induced by an anti-cancer drug cisplatin without compromising anti-tumor activity in mice. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2009;64(4):753-61.

    Not in our library10.1007/s00280-008-0924-2

  196. 196.

    Kitamura A, Kobayashi S, Matsushita T, Fujinawa H, Murase K. Experimental verification of protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using dynamic contrast-enhanced CT. Br J Radiol. 2010;83(990):509-14.

    Not in our library10.1259/bjr/25604811

  197. 197.

    Matsushita T, Kusakabe Y, Kitamura A, Okada S, Murase K. Investigation of protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using blood oxygenation level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging. Jpn J Radiol. 2011;29(7):503-12.

    Not in our library10.1007/s11604-011-0588-4

  198. 198.

    Matsushita T, Kusakabe Y, Kitamura A, Okada S, Murase K. Protective effect of hydrogen-rich water against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats using blood oxygenation level-dependent MR imaging. Magn Reson Med Sci. 2011;10(3):169-76.

    Not in our library10.2463/mrms.10.169

  199. 199.

    Katakura M, Hashimoto M, Tanabe Y, Shido O. Hydrogen-rich water inhibits glucose and alpha,beta -dicarbonyl compound-induced reactive oxygen species production in the SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat kidney. Med Gas Res. 2012;2(1):18.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-2-18

  200. 200.

    Peng Z, Chen W, Wang L, Ye Z, Gao S, Sun X, et al. Inhalation of hydrogen gas ameliorates glyoxylate-induced calcium oxalate deposition and renal oxidative stress in mice. Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2015;8(3):2680-9.

    Not in our library

  201. 201.

    Matsumoto S, Ueda T, Kakizaki H. Effect of supplementation with hydrogen-rich water in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Urology. 2013;81(2):226-30.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.urology.2012.10.026

  202. 202.

    Lee JW, Kim JI, Lee YA, Lee DH, Song CS, Cho YJ, et al. Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of testicular ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. J Pediatr Surg. 2012;47(4):736-42.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.09.035

  203. 203.

    Jiang D, Wu D, Zhang Y, Xu B, Sun X, Li Z. Protective effects of hydrogen rich saline solution on experimental testicular ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. J Urol. 2012;187(6):2249-53.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.juro.2012.01.029

  204. 204.

    Fan M, Xu X, He X, Chen L, Qian L, Liu J, et al. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline against erectile dysfunction in a streptozotocin induced diabetic rat model. J Urol. 2013;190(1):350-6.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.juro.2012.12.001

  205. 205.

    Li S, Lu D, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Long-term treatment of hydrogen-rich saline abates testicular oxidative stress induced by nicotine in mice. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2014;31(1):109-14.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10815-013-0102-2

  206. 206.

    Chen S, Jiang W. Effect of hydrogen injected subcutaneously on testicular tissues of rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(4):5565-70.

    Not in our library

  207. 207.

    Zhao L, Wang YB, Qin SR, Ma XM, Sun XJ, Wang ML, et al. Protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat skin flap. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2013;14(5):382-91.

    Not in our library10.1631/jzus.b1200317

  208. 208.

    Yoon KS, Huang XZ, Yoon YS, Kim SK, Song SB, Chang BS, et al. Histological study on the effect of electrolyzed reduced water-bathing on UVB radiation-induced skin injury in hairless mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2011;34(11):1671-7.

    Not in our library10.1248/bpb.34.1671

  209. 209.

    Guo Z, Zhou B, Li W, Sun X, Luo D. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against ultraviolet B radiation injury in rats. J Biomed Res. 2012;26(5):365-71.

    Not in our library10.7555/jbr.26.20110037

  210. 210.

    Kato S, Saitoh Y, Iwai K, Miwa N. Hydrogen-rich electrolyzed warm water represses wrinkle formation against UVA ray together with type-I collagen production and oxidative-stress diminishment in fibroblasts and cell-injury prevention in keratinocytes. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2012;106:24-33.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.09.006

  211. 211.

    Ignacio RM, Yoon Y-S, Sajo MEJ, Kim C-S, Kim D-H, Kim S-K, et al. The balneotherapy effect of hydrogen reduced water on UVB-mediated skin injury in hairless mice. Mol Cell Toxicol. 2013;9(1):15-21.

    Not in our library

  212. 212.

    Ono H, Nishijima Y, Adachi N, Sakamoto M, Kudo Y, Nakazawa J, et al. Hydrogen(H2) treatment for acute erythymatous skin diseases. A report of 4 patients with safety data and a non-controlled feasibility study with H2 concentration measurement on two volunteers. Med Gas Res. 2012;2(1):14.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-2-14

  213. 213.

    Ignacio RM, Kwak HS, Yun YU, Sajo ME, Yoon YS, Kim CS, et al. The Drinking Effect of Hydrogen Water on Atopic Dermatitis Induced by Dermatophagoides farinae Allergen in NC/Nga Mice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013:538673.

    Not in our library10.1155/2013/538673

  214. 214.

    Yoon YS, Sajo ME, Ignacio RM, Kim SK, Kim CS, Lee KJ. Positive Effects of hydrogen water on 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Biol Pharm Bull. 2014;37(9):1480-5.

    Not in our library10.1248/bpb.b14-00220

  215. 215.

    Ishibashi T, Ichikawa M, Sato B, Shibata S, Hara Y, Naritomi Y, et al. Improvement of psoriasis-associated arthritis and skin lesions by treatment with molecular hydrogen: A report of three cases. Mol Med Rep. 2015;12(2):2757-64.

    Not in our library10.3892/mmr.2015.3707

  216. 216.

    Li Q, Kato S, Matsuoka D, Tanaka H, Miwa N. Hydrogen water intake via tube-feeding for patients with pressure ulcer and its reconstructive effects on normal human skin cells in vitro. Med Gas Res. 2013;3(1):20.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-3-20

  217. 217.

    Yu W, Chiu Y, Lee C, Yoshioka T, Yu H. Hydrogen-enriched water restoration of impaired calcium propagation by arsenic in primary keratinocytes. J Asian Earth Sci. 2013;77:342-8.

    Not in our library

  218. 218.

    Ishibashi T, Sato B, Rikitake M, Seo T, Kurokawa R, Hara Y, et al. Consumption of water containing a high concentration of molecular hydrogen reduces oxidative stress and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: an open-label pilot study. Med Gas Res. 2012;2(1):27.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-2-27

  219. 219.

    Ishibashi T, Sato B, Shibata S, Sakai T, Hara Y, Naritomi Y, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of infused molecular hydrogen in saline on rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014;21(2):468-73.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.intimp.2014.06.001

  220. 220.

    Cai WW, Zhang MH, Yu YS, Cai JH. Treatment with hydrogen molecule alleviates TNFalpha-induced cell injury in osteoblast. Mol Cell Biochem. 2013;373(1–2):1-9.

    Not in our library10.1007/s11010-012-1450-4

  221. 221.

    Hanaoka T, Kamimura N, Yokota T, Takai S, Ohta S. Molecular hydrogen protects chondrocytes from oxidative stress and indirectly alters gene expressions through reducing peroxynitrite derived from nitric oxide. Med Gas Res. 2011;1(1):18.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-1-18

  222. 222.

    Huang T, Wang W, Tu C, Yang Z, Bramwell D, Sun X. Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury in skeletal muscle. J Surg Res. 2015;194(2):471-80.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2014.12.016

  223. 223.

    Ito M, Ibi T, Sahashi K, Ichihara M, Ito M, Ohno K. Open-label trial and randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of hydrogen-enriched water for mitochondrial and inflammatory myopathies. Med Gas Res. 2011;1(1):24.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-1-24

  224. 224.

    Aoki K, Nakao A, Adachi T, Matsui Y, Miyakawa S. Pilot study: Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on muscle fatigue caused by acute exercise in elite athletes. Med Gas Res. 2012;2(1):12.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-2-12

  225. 225.

    Ostojic SM, Vukomanovic B, Calleja-Gonzalez J, Hoffman JR. Effectiveness of oral and topical hydrogen for sports-related soft tissue injuries. Postgrad Med. 2014;126(5):187-95.

    Not in our library10.3810/pgm.2014.09.2813

  226. 226.

    Ohsawa I, Nishimaki K, Yamagata K, Ishikawa M, Ohta S. Consumption of hydrogen water prevents atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;377(4):1195-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.10.156

  227. 227.

    Ekuni D, Tomofuji T, Endo Y, Kasuyama K, Irie K, Azuma T, et al. Hydrogen-rich water prevents lipid deposition in the descending aorta in a rat periodontitis model. Arch Oral Biol. 2012;57(12):1615-22.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.04.013

  228. 228.

    Jiang H, Yu P, Qian DH, Qin ZX, Sun XJ, Yu J, et al. Hydrogen-rich medium suppresses the generation of reactive oxygen species, elevates the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibits advanced glycation end product-induced apoptosis. Int J Mol Med. 2013;31(6):1381-7.

    Not in our library10.3892/ijmm.2013.1334

  229. 229.

    Sun Q, Kawamura T, Masutani K, Peng X, Sun Q, Stolz DB, et al. Oral intake of hydrogen-rich water inhibits intimal hyperplasia in arterialized vein grafts in rats. Cardiovasc Res. 2012;94(1):144-53.

    Not in our library10.1093/cvr/cvs024

  230. 230.

    Sakai T, Sato B, Hara K, Hara Y, Naritomi Y, Koyanagi S, et al. Consumption of water containing over 3.5 mg of dissolved hydrogen could improve vascular endothelial function. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2014;10:591-7.

    Not in our library10.2147/vhrm.s68844

  231. 231.

    Zhao S, Mei K, Qian L, Yang Y, Liu W, Huang Y, et al. Therapeutic effects of hydrogen-rich solution on aplastic anemia in vivo. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2013;32(3):549-60.

    Not in our library10.1159/000354459

  232. 232.

    Kawasaki H, Guan J, Tamama K. Hydrogen gas treatment prolongs replicative lifespan of bone marrow multipotential stromal cells in vitro while preserving differentiation and paracrine potentials. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2010;397(3):608-13.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.06.009

  233. 233.

    Tanikawa R, Takahashi I, Okubo N, Ono M, Okumura T, Ishibashi G, et al. Relationship between Exhaled Hydrogen and Human Neutrophil Function in the Japanese General Population. Hirosaki Medical Journal. 2015;65:138-46.

    Not in our library

  234. 234.

    Takeuchi S, Wada K, Nagatani K, Osada H, Otani N, Nawashiro H. Hydrogen may inhibit collagen-induced platelet aggregation: an ex vivo and in vivo study. Intern Med. 2012;51(11):1309-13.

    Not in our library10.2169/internalmedicine.51.7161

  235. 235.

    Kato S, Hokama R, Okayasu H, Saitoh Y, Iwai K, Miwa N. Colloidal platinum in hydrogen-rich water exhibits radical-scavenging activity and improves blood fluidity. J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2012;12(5):4019-27.

    Not in our library10.1166/jnn.2012.6163

  236. 236.

    Kajiyama S, Hasegawa G, Asano M, Hosoda H, Fukui M, Nakamura N, et al. Supplementation of hydrogen-rich water improves lipid and glucose metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Nutr Res. 2008;28(3):137-43.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.nutres.2008.01.008

  237. 237.

    Kamimura N, Nishimaki K, Ohsawa I, Ohta S. Molecular hydrogen improves obesity and diabetes by inducing hepatic FGF21 and stimulating energy metabolism in db/db mice. Obesity. 2011;19(7):1396-403.

    Not in our library10.1038/oby.2011.6

  238. 238.

    Li Y, Hamasaki T, Nakamichi N, Kashiwagi T, Komatsu T, Ye J, et al. Suppressive effects of electrolyzed reduced water on alloxan-induced apoptosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Cytotechnology. 2011;63(2):119-31.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10616-010-9317-6

  239. 239.

    Yu P, Wang Z, Sun X, Chen X, Zeng S, Chen L, et al. Hydrogen-rich medium protects human skin fibroblasts from high glucose or mannitol induced oxidative damage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;409(2):350-5.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.024

  240. 240.

    Wang QJ, Zha XJ, Kang ZM, Xu MJ, Huang Q, Zou DJ. Therapeutic effects of hydrogen saturated saline on rat diabetic model and insulin resistant model via reduction of oxidative stress. Chin Med J (Engl). 2012;125(9):1633-7.

    Not in our library

  241. 241.

    Amitani H, Asakawa A, Cheng K, Amitani M, Kaimoto K, Nakano M, et al. Hydrogen improves glycemic control in type1 diabetic animal model by promoting glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. PLoS One. 2013;8(1):e53913.

    Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0053913

  242. 242.

    Zong C, Song G, Yao S, Li L, Yu Y, Feng L, et al. Administration of hydrogen-saturated saline decreases plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and improves high-density lipoprotein function in high-fat diet-fed hamsters. Metabolism. 2012;61(6):794-800.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.metabol.2011.10.014

  243. 243.

    Song G, Li M, Sang H, Zhang L, Li X, Yao S, et al. Hydrogen-rich water decreases serum LDL-cholesterol levels and improves HDL function in patients with potential metabolic syndrome. J Lipid Res. 2013;54(7):1884-93.

    Not in our library10.1194/jlr.m036640

  244. 244.

    Song G, Lin Q, Zhao H, Liu M, Ye F, Sun Y, et al. Hydrogen activates ATP-binding cassette transporter A1-dependent efflux ex vivo and improves high-density lipoprotein function in patients with hypercholesterolemia: a double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100:2724-33.

    Not in our library10.1210/jc.2015-1321

  245. 245.

    Nakao A, Toyoda Y, Sharma P, Evans M, Guthrie N. Effectiveness of hydrogen rich water on antioxidant status of subjects with potential metabolic syndrome-an open label pilot study. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2010;46(2):140-9.

    Not in our library10.3164/jcbn.09-100

  246. 246.

    Hashimoto M, Katakura M, Nabika T, Tanabe Y, Hossain S, Tsuchikura S, et al. Effects of hydrogen-rich water on abnormalities in a SHR.Cg-Leprcp/NDmcr rat - a metabolic syndrome rat model. Med Gas Res. 2011;1(1):26.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-1-26

  247. 247.

    Nishimura N, Tanabe H, Adachi M, Yamamoto T, Fukushima M. Colonic hydrogen generated from fructan diffuses into the abdominal cavity and reduces adipose mRNA abundance of cytokines in rats. J Nutr. 2013;143(12):1943-9.

    Not in our library10.3945/jn.113.183004

  248. 248.

    Nakai Y, Sato B, Ushiama S, Okada S, Abe K, Arai S. Hepatic oxidoreduction-related genes are upregulated by administration of hydrogen-saturated drinking water. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2011;75(4):774-6.

    Not in our library10.1271/bbb.100819

  249. 249.

    Ostojic SM. Serum alkalinization and hydrogen-rich water in healthy men. Mayo Clin Proc. 2012;87(5):501-2.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.02.008

  250. 250.

    Ostojic SM, Stojanovic MD. Hydrogen-rich water affected blood alkalinity in physically active men. Res Sports Med. 2014;22(1):49-60.

    Not in our library10.1080/15438627.2013.852092

  251. 251.

    Xie K, Yu Y, Pei Y, Hou L, Chen S, Xiong L, et al. Protective effects of hydrogen gas on murine polymicrobial sepsis via reducing oxidative stress and HMGB1 release. Shock. 2010;34(1):90-7.

    Not in our library10.1097/shk.0b013e3181cdc4ae

  252. 252.

    Zhou J, Chen Y, Huang GQ, Li J, Wu GM, Liu L, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline reverses oxidative stress, cognitive impairment, and mortality in rats submitted to sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture. J Surg Res. 2012;178(1):390-400.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2012.01.041

  253. 253.

    Xie K, Fu W, Xing W, Li A, Chen H, Han H, et al. Combination therapy with molecular hydrogen and hyperoxia in a murine model of polymicrobial sepsis. Shock. 2012;38(6):656-63.

    Not in our library10.1097/shk.0b013e3182758646

  254. 254.

    Li GM, Ji MH, Sun XJ, Zeng QT, Tian M, Fan YX, et al. Effects of hydrogen-rich saline treatment on polymicrobial sepsis. J Surg Res. 2013;181(2):279-86.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2012.06.058

  255. 255.

    Liu W, Shan LP, Dong XS, Liu XW, Ma T, Liu Z. Combined early fluid resuscitation and hydrogen inhalation attenuates lung and intestine injury. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(4):492-502.

    Not in our library10.3748/wjg.v19.i4.492

  256. 256.

    Yu Y, Wang WN, Han HZ, Xie KL, Wang GL, Yu YH. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich medium on lipopolysaccharide-induced monocytic adhesion and vascular endothelial permeability through regulation of vascular endothelial cadherin. Genet Mol Res. 2015;14(2):6202-12.

    Not in our library10.4238/2015.june.9.6

  257. 257.

    Xie K, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Liu W, Pei Y, Xiong L, et al. Hydrogen gas improves survival rate and organ damage in zymosan-induced generalized inflammation model. Shock. 2010;34(5):495-501.

    Not in our library10.1097/shk.0b013e3181def9aa

  258. 258.

    Xu Z, Zhou J, Cai J, Zhu Z, Sun X, Jiang C. Anti-inflammation effects of hydrogen saline in LPS activated macrophages and carrageenan induced paw oedema. J Inflamm (Lond). 2012;9:2.

    Not in our library10.1186/1476-9255-9-2

  259. 259.

    Fujii Y, Shirai M, Inamori S, Shimouchi A, Sonobe T, Tsuchimochi H, et al. Insufflation of hydrogen gas restrains the inflammatory response of cardiopulmonary bypass in a rat model. Artif Organs. 2013;37(2):136-41.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1525-1594.2012.01535.x

  260. 260.

    Cai J, Kang Z, Liu WW, Luo X, Qiang S, Zhang JH, et al. Hydrogen therapy reduces apoptosis in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model. Neurosci Lett. 2008;441(2):167-72.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neulet.2008.05.077

  261. 261.

    Cai J, Kang Z, Liu K, Liu W, Li R, Zhang JH, et al. Neuroprotective effects of hydrogen saline in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia rat model. Brain Res. 2009;1256:129-37.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.brainres.2008.11.048

  262. 262.

    Domoki F, Olah O, Zimmermann A, Nemeth I, Toth-Szuki V, Hugyecz M, et al. Hydrogen is neuroprotective and preserves cerebrovascular reactivity in asphyxiated newborn pigs. Pediatr Res. 2010;68(5):387-92.

    Not in our library10.1203/pdr.0b013e3181f2e81c

  263. 263.

    Mano Y, Kotani T, Ito M, Nagai T, Ichinohashi Y, Yamada K, et al. Maternal molecular hydrogen administration ameliorates rat fetal hippocampal damage caused by in utero ischemia-reperfusion. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014;69:324-30.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.01.037

  264. 264.

    Yang X, Guo L, Sun X, Chen X, Tong X. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in preeclampsia rat model. Placenta. 2011;32(9):681-6.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.placenta.2011.06.020

  265. 265.

    Guan Z, Li HF, Guo LL, Yang X. Effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, and molecular hydrogen on the placental function in trophoblast cells. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2015;292(2):337-42.

    Not in our library10.1007/s00404-015-3647-8

  266. 266.

    Saitoh Y, Okayasu H, Xiao L, Harata Y, Miwa N. Neutral pH hydrogen-enriched electrolyzed water achieves tumor-preferential clonal growth inhibition over normal cells and tumor invasion inhibition concurrently with intracellular oxidant repression. Oncol Res. 2008;17(6):247-55.

    Not in our library10.3727/096504008786991620

  267. 267.

    Zhao L, Zhou C, Zhang J, Gao F, Li B, Chuai Y, et al. Hydrogen protects mice from radiation induced thymic lymphoma in BALB/c mice. Int J Biol Sci. 2011;7(3):297-300.

    Not in our library10.7150/ijbs.7.297

  268. 268.

    Ye J, Li Y, Hamasaki T, Nakamichi N, Komatsu T, Kashiwagi T, et al. Inhibitory effect of electrolyzed reduced water on tumor angiogenesis. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008;31(1):19-26.

    Not in our library10.1248/bpb.31.19

  269. 269.

    Runtuwene J, Amitani H, Amitani M, Asakawa A, Cheng KC, Inui A. Hydrogen-water enhances 5-fluorouracil-induced inhibition of colon cancer. PeerJ. 2015;3:e859.

    Not in our library10.7717/peerj.859

  270. 270.

    Qian L, Cao F, Cui J, Wang Y, Huang Y, Chuai Y, et al. The potential cardioprotective effects of hydrogen in irradiated mice. J Radiat Res. 2010;51(6):741-7.

    Not in our library10.1269/jrr.10093

  271. 271.

    Terasaki Y, Ohsawa I, Terasaki M, Takahashi M, Kunugi S, Dedong K, et al. Hydrogen therapy attenuates irradiation-induced lung damage by reducing oxidative stress. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2011;301(4):L415-26.

    Not in our library10.1152/ajplung.00008.2011

  272. 272.

    Jiang Z, Xu B, Yang M, Li Z, Zhang Y, Jiang D. Protection by hydrogen against gamma ray-induced testicular damage in rats. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2013;112(3):186-91.

    Not in our library10.1111/bcpt.12016

  273. 273.

    Mei K, Zhao S, Qian L, Li B, Ni J, Cai J. Hydrogen protects rats from dermatitis caused by local radiation. J Dermatolog Treat. 2014;25(2):182-8.

    Not in our library10.3109/09546634.2012.762639

  274. 274.

    Watanabe S, Fujita M, Ishihara M, Tachibana S, Yamamoto Y, Kaji T, et al. Protective effect of inhalation of hydrogen gas on radiation-induced dermatitis and skin injury in rats. J Radiat Res. 2014;55(6):1107-13.

    Not in our library10.1093/jrr/rru067

  275. 275.

    Qian L, Cao F, Cui J, Huang Y, Zhou X, Liu S, et al. Radioprotective effect of hydrogen in cultured cells and mice. Free Radic Res. 2010;44(3):275-82.

    Not in our library10.3109/10715760903468758

  276. 276.

    Qian L, Li B, Cao F, Huang Y, Liu S, Cai J, et al. Hydrogen-rich PBS protects cultured human cells from ionizing radiation-induced cellular damage. Nucl Technol Radiat Prot. 2010;25(1):23-9.

    Not in our library

  277. 277.

    Chuai Y, Gao F, Li B, Zhao L, Qian L, Cao F, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates radiation-induced male germ cell loss in mice through reducing hydroxyl radicals. Biochem J. 2012;442(1):49-56.

    Not in our library10.1042/bj20111786

  278. 278.

    Yang Y, Li B, Liu C, Chuai Y, Lei J, Gao F, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects immunocytes from radiation-induced apoptosis. Med Sci Monit. 2012;18(4):BR144-8.

    Not in our library10.12659/msm.882616

  279. 279.

    Chuai Y, Shen J, Qian L, Wang Y, Huang Y, Gao F, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects spermatogenesis and hematopoiesis in irradiated BALB/c mice. Med Sci Monit. 2012;18(3):BR89-94.

    Not in our library10.12659/msm.882513

  280. 280.

    Yang Y, Gao F, Zhang H, Hunag Y, Zhang P, Liu C, et al. Molecular hydrogen protects human lymphocyte AHH-1 cells against 12C6+ heavy ion radiation. Int J Radiat Biol. 2013;89(12):1003-8.

    Not in our library10.3109/09553002.2013.817704

  281. 281.

    Kang KM, Kang YN, Choi IB, Gu Y, Kawamura T, Toyoda Y, et al. Effects of drinking hydrogen-rich water on the quality of life of patients treated with radiotherapy for liver tumors. Med Gas Res. 2011;1(1):11.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-1-11

  282. 282.

    Zhao S, Yang Y, Liu W, Xuan Z, Wu S, Yu S, et al. Protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline against radiation-induced immune dysfunction. J Cell Mol Med. 2014;18(5):938-46.

    Not in our library10.1111/jcmm.12245

  283. 283.

    Sun Q, Cai J, Zhou J, Tao H, Zhang JH, Zhang W, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline reduces delayed neurologic sequelae in experimental carbon monoxide toxicity. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(4):765-9.

    Not in our library10.1097/ccm.0b013e318206bf44

  284. 284.

    Wang W, Li Y, Ren J, Xia F, Li J, Zhang Z. Hydrogen rich saline reduces immune-mediated brain injury in rats with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. Neurol Res. 2012;34(10):1007-15.

    Not in our library10.1179/1743132812y.0000000106

  285. 285.

    Shen MH, Cai JM, Sun Q, Zhang DW, Huo ZL, He J, et al. Neuroprotective effect of hydrogen-rich saline in acute carbon monoxide poisoning. CNS Neurosci Ther. 2013;19(5):361-3.

    Not in our library10.1111/cns.12094

  286. 286.

    Wang W, Tian L, Li Y, Wang X, Xia F, Li L, et al. Effects of hydrogen-rich saline on rats with acute carbon monoxide poisoning. J Emerg Med. 2013;44(1):107-15.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jemermed.2012.01.065

  287. 287.

    Yonamine R, Satoh Y, Kodama M, Araki Y, Kazama T. Coadministration of hydrogen gas as part of the carrier gas mixture suppresses neuronal apoptosis and subsequent behavioral deficits caused by neonatal exposure to sevoflurane in mice. Anesthesiology. 2013;118(1):105-13.

    Not in our library10.1097/aln.0b013e318275146d

  288. 288.

    Takaenoki Y, Satoh Y, Araki Y, Kodama M, Yonamine R, Yufune S, et al. Neonatal exposure to sevoflurane in mice causes deficits in maternal behavior later in adulthood. Anesthesiology. 2014;120(2):403-15.

    Not in our library10.1097/aln.0000435846.28299.e7

  289. 289.

    Wu S, Zhu L, Yang J, Fan Z, Dong Y, Luan R, et al. Hydrogen-containing saline attenuates doxorubicin-induced heart failure in rats. Pharmazie. 2014;69(8):633-6.

    Not in our library

  290. 290.

    Yoon YS, Kim DH, Kim SK, Song SB, Uh Y, Jin D, et al. The melamine excretion effect of the electrolyzed reduced water in melamine-fed mice. Food Chem Toxicol. 2011;49(8):1814-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.fct.2011.04.033

  291. 291.

    Wang T, Zhao L, Liu M, Xie F, Ma X, Zhao P, et al. Oral intake of hydrogen-rich water ameliorated chlorpyrifos-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2014;280(1):169-76.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.taap.2014.06.011

  292. 292.

    Nakao A, Kaczorowski DJ, Wang Y, Cardinal JS, Buchholz BM, Sugimoto R, et al. Amelioration of rat cardiac cold ischemia/reperfusion injury with inhaled hydrogen or carbon monoxide, or both. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2010;29(5):544-53.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.healun.2009.10.011

  293. 293.

    Tan M, Sun X, Guo L, Su C, Sun X, Xu Z. Hydrogen as additive of HTK solution fortifies myocardial preservation in grafts with prolonged cold ischemia. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167(2):383-90.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ijcard.2011.12.109

  294. 294.

    Noda K, Tanaka Y, Shigemura N, Kawamura T, Wang Y, Masutani K, et al. Hydrogen-supplemented drinking water protects cardiac allografts from inflammation-associated deterioration. Transpl Int. 2012;25(12):1213-22.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1432-2277.2012.01542.x

  295. 295.

    Kawamura T, Huang CS, Tochigi N, Lee S, Shigemura N, Billiar TR, et al. Inhaled hydrogen gas therapy for prevention of lung transplant-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Transplantation. 2010;90(12):1344-51.

    Not in our library10.1097/tp.0b013e3181fe1357

  296. 296.

    Zhou H, Fu Z, Wei Y, Liu J, Cui X, Yang W, et al. Hydrogen inhalation decreases lung graft injury in brain-dead donor rats. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2013;32(2):251-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.healun.2012.11.007

  297. 297.

    Noda K, Shigemura N, Tanaka Y, Bhama J, D’Cunha J, Kobayashi H, et al. Hydrogen preconditioning during ex vivo lung perfusion improves the quality of lung grafts in rats. Transplantation. 2014;98(5):499-506.

    Not in our library10.1097/tp.0000000000000254

  298. 298.

    Haam S, Lee S, Paik HC, Park MS, Song JH, Lim BJ, et al. The effects of hydrogen gas inhalation during ex vivo lung perfusion on donor lungs obtained after cardiac deathdagger. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2015;48:542-7.

    Not in our library10.1093/ejcts/ezv057

  299. 299.

    Liu R, Fang X, Meng C, Xing J, Liu J, Yang W, et al. Lung inflation with hydrogen during the cold ischemia phase decreases lung graft injury in rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2015;240:1214-22.

    Not in our library10.1177/1535370214563895

  300. 300.

    Buchholz BM, Kaczorowski DJ, Sugimoto R, Yang R, Wang Y, Billiar TR, et al. Hydrogen inhalation ameliorates oxidative stress in transplantation induced intestinal graft injury. Am J Transplant. 2008;8(10):2015-24.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1600-6143.2008.02359.x

  301. 301.

    Shigeta T, Sakamoto S, Li XK, Cai S, Liu C, Kurokawa R, et al. Luminal injection of hydrogen-rich solution attenuates intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Transplantation. 2015;99(3):500-7.

    Not in our library10.1097/tp.0000000000000510

  302. 302.

    Luo ZL, Cheng L, Ren JD, Fang C, Xiang K, Xu HT, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline protects against ischemia/reperfusion injury in grafts after pancreas transplantations by reducing oxidative stress in rats. Mediators Inflamm. 2015;2015:281985.

    Not in our library10.1155/2015/281985

  303. 303.

    Yamada T, Uchida K, Onuma K, Kuzuno J, Ujihira M, Inoue G, et al. Hydrogen supplementation of preservation solution improves viability of osteochondral grafts. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:109876.

    Not in our library10.1155/2014/109876

  304. 304.

    Qian L, Mei K, Shen J, Cai J. Administration of hydrogen-rich saline protects mice from lethal acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). Transplantation. 2013;95(5):658-62.

    Not in our library10.1097/tp.0b013e31827e6b23

  305. 305.

    Yuan L, Chen X, Qian L, Shen J, Cai J. Administration of hydrogen-rich saline in mice with allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Med Sci Monit. 2015;21:749-54.

    Not in our library10.12659/msm.891338

  306. 306.

    Hayashida K, Sano M, Kamimura N, Yokota T, Suzuki M, Ohta S, et al. Hydrogen inhalation during normoxic resuscitation improves neurological outcome in a rat model of cardiac arrest independently of targeted temperature management. Circulation. 2014;130(24):2173-80.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.114.011848

  307. 307.

    Huo TT, Zeng Y, Liu XN, Sun L, Han HZ, Chen HG, et al. Hydrogen-rich saline improves survival and neurological outcome after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation in rats. Anesth Analg. 2014;119(2):368-80.

    Not in our library10.1213/ane.0000000000000303

  308. 308.

    Du Z, Jia H, Liu J, Zhao X, Wang Y, Sun X. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline in uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. Exp Ther Med. 2014;7(5):1253-8.

    Not in our library10.3892/etm.2014.1572

  309. 309.

    Du Z, Jia H, Liu J, Zhao X, Xu W. Effects of three hydrogen-rich liquids on hemorrhagic shock in rats. J Surg Res. 2015;193(1):377-82.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jss.2014.06.051

  310. 310.

    Nakayama M, Kabayama S, Nakano H, Zhu WJ, Terawaki H, Nakayama K, et al. Biological effects of electrolyzed water in hemodialysis. Nephron Clin Pract. 2009;112(1):c9-15.

    Not in our library10.1159/000210569

  311. 311.

    Nakayama M, Nakano H, Hamada H, Itami N, Nakazawa R, Ito S. A novel bioactive haemodialysis system using dissolved dihydrogen (H2) produced by water electrolysis: a clinical trial. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(9):3026-33.

    Not in our library10.1093/ndt/gfq196

  312. 312.

    Terawaki H, Zhu WJ, Matsuyama Y, Terada T, Takahashi Y, Sakurai K, et al. Effect of a hydrogen (H2)-enriched solution on the albumin redox of hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int. 2014;18(2):459-66.

    Not in our library10.1111/hdi.12112

  313. 313.

    Tange Y, Takesawa S, Yoshitake S. Dialysate with high dissolved hydrogen facilitates dissociation of indoxyl sulfate from albumin. Nephrourol Mon. 2015;7(2):e26847.

    Not in our library10.5812/numonthly.26847

  314. 314.

    Terawaki H, Hayashi Y, Zhu WJ, Matsuyama Y, Terada T, Kabayama S, et al. Transperitoneal administration of dissolved hydrogen for peritoneal dialysis patients: a novel approach to suppress oxidative stress in the peritoneal cavity. Med Gas Res. 2013;3(1):14.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-3-14

  315. 315.

    Terawaki H, Nakano H, Zhu WJ, Nakayama M. Successful treatment of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis by hemodialysis and peritoneal lavage using dialysate containing dissolved hydrogen. Perit Dial Int. 2015;35(1):107-12.

    Not in our library10.3747/pdi.2013.00255

  316. 316.

    Yan H, Tian H, Kinjo T, Hamasaki T, Tomimatsu K, Nakamichi N, et al. Extension of the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans by the use of electrolyzed reduced water. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2010;74(10):2011-5.

    Not in our library10.1271/bbb.100250

  317. 317.

    Nakata K, Yamashita N, Noda Y, Ohsawa I. Stimulation of human damaged sperm motility with hydrogen molecule. Med Gas Res. 2015;5(1):2.

    Not in our library10.1186/s13618-014-0023-x

  318. 318.

    Ni XX, Cai ZY, Fan DF, Liu Y, Zhang RJ, Liu SL, et al. Protective effect of hydrogen-rich saline on decompression sickness in rats. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2011;82(6):604-9.

    Not in our library10.3357/asem.2964.2011

  319. 319.

    Saitoh Y, Harata Y, Mizuhashi F, Nakajima M, Miwa N. Biological safety of neutral-pH hydrogen-enriched electrolyzed water upon mutagenicity, genotoxicity and subchronic oral toxicity. Toxicol Ind Health. 2010;26(4):203-16.

    Not in our library10.1177/0748233710362989

  320. 320.

    Chen M, Cui W, Zhu K, Xie Y, Zhang C, Shen W. Hydrogen-rich water alleviates aluminum-induced inhibition of root elongation in alfalfa via decreasing nitric oxide production. J Hazard Mater. 2014;267:40-7.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.029

  321. 321.

    Xie Y, Mao Y, Lai D, Zhang W, Shen W. H(2) enhances arabidopsis salt tolerance by manipulating ZAT10/12-mediated antioxidant defence and controlling sodium exclusion. PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49800.

    Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0049800

  322. 322.

    Xu S, Zhu S, Jiang Y, Wang N, Wang R, Shen W, et al. Hydrogen-rich water alleviates salt stress in rice during seed germination. Plant Soil. 2013;370(1–2):47-57.

    Not in our library

  323. 323.

    Hu H, Li P, Wang Y, Gu R. Hydrogen-rich water delays postharvest ripening and senescence of kiwifruit. Food Chem. 2014;156:100-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.067

  324. 324.

    Xie Y, Mao Y, Zhang W, Lai D, Wang Q, Shen W. Reactive Oxygen Species-Dependent Nitric Oxide Production Contributes to Hydrogen-Promoted Stomatal Closure in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 2014;165(2):759-73.

    Not in our library10.1104/pp.114.237925

  325. 325.

    Su N, Wu Q, Liu Y, Cai J, Shen W, Xia K, et al. Hydrogen-rich water reestablishes ROS homeostasis but exerts differential effects on anthocyanin synthesis in two varieties of radish sprouts under UV-A irradiation. J Agric Food Chem. 2014;62(27):6454-62.

    Not in our library10.1021/jf5019593

  326. 326.

    Zhang X, Zhao X, Wang Z, Shen W, Xu X. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich water on the photosynthetic apparatus of maize seedlings (Zea mays L.) as a result of an increase in antioxidant enzyme activities under high light stress. Plant Growth Regul. 2015;77:43-56.

    Not in our library

  327. 327.

    Zeng J, Zhang M, Sun X. Molecular hydrogen is involved in phytohormone signaling and stress responses in plants. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e71038.

    Not in our library10.1371/journal.pone.0071038

  328. 328.

    Jin Q, Zhu K, Cui W, Xie Y, Han B, Shen W. Hydrogen gas acts as a novel bioactive molecule in enhancing plant tolerance to paraquat-induced oxidative stress via the modulation of heme oxygenase-1 signalling system. Plant Cell Environ. 2013;36(5):956-69.

    Not in our library10.1111/pce.12029

  329. 329.

    Cui W, Gao C, Fang P, Lin G, Shen W. Alleviation of cadmium toxicity in Medicago sativa by hydrogen-rich water. J Hazard Mater. 2013;260:715-24.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.06.032

  330. 330.

    Wu Q, Su N, Cai J, Shen Z, Cui J. Hydrogen-rich water enhances cadmium tolerance in Chinese cabbage by reducing cadmium uptake and increasing antioxidant capacities. J Plant Physiol. 2015;175:174-82.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jplph.2014.09.017

  331. 331.

    Cui W, Fang P, Zhu K, Mao Y, Gao C, Xie Y, et al. Hydrogen-rich water confers plant tolerance to mercury toxicity in alfalfa seedlings. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2014;105:103-11.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.009

  332. 332.

    Sato Y, Kajiyama S, Amano A, Kondo Y, Sasaki T, Handa S, et al. Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents superoxide formation in brain slices of vitamin C-depleted SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;375(3):346-50.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.08.020

  333. 333.

    Ono H, Nishijima Y, Adachi N, Sakamoto M, Kudo Y, Kaneko K, et al. A basic study on molecular hydrogen (H2) inhalation in acute cerebral ischemia patients for safety check with physiological parameters and measurement of blood H2 level. Med Gas Res. 2012;2(1):21.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-2-21

  334. 334.

    Seo T, Kurokawa R, Sato B. A convenient method for determining the concentration of hydrogen in water: use of methylene blue with colloidal platinum. Med Gas Res. 2012;2:1.

    Not in our library10.1186/2045-9912-2-1

  335. 335.

    Shimouchi A, Nose K, Shirai M, Kondo T. Estimation of molecular hydrogen consumption in the human whole body after the ingestion of hydrogen-rich water. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2012;737:245-50.

    Not in our library10.1007/978-1-4614-1566-4_36

  336. 336.

    Shimouchi A, Nose K, Mizukami T, Che DC, Shirai M. Molecular hydrogen consumption in the human body during the inhalation of hydrogen gas. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013;789:315-21.

    Not in our library10.1007/978-1-4614-7411-1_42

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    Liu C, Kurokawa R, Fujino M, Hirano S, Sato B, Li XK. Estimation of the hydrogen concentration in rat tissue using an airtight tube following the administration of hydrogen via various routes. Sci Rep. 2014;4:5485.

    Not in our library10.1038/srep05485

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    Penders J, Kissner R, Koppenol WH. ONOOH does not react with H2: Potential beneficial effects of H2 as an antioxidant by selective reaction with hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite. Free Radic Biol Med. 2014;75:191-4.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.025

  339. 339.

    Kato S, Matsuoka D, Miwa N. Antioxidant activities of nano-bubble hydrogen-dissolved water assessed by ESR and 2,2′-bipyridyl methods. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl. 2015;53:7-10.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.064

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