Genomic insights into the overlap between psychiatric disorders: implications for research and clinical practice

Abstract

Psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder are common and result in significant morbidity and mortality. Although currently classified into distinct disorder categories, they show clinical overlap and familial co-aggregation, and share genetic risk factors. Recent advances in psychiatric genomics have provided insight into the potential mechanisms underlying the overlap between these disorders, implicating genes involved in neurodevelopment, synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Furthermore, evidence from copy number variant, exome sequencing and genome-wide association studies supports a gradient of neurodevelopmental psychopathology indexed by mutational load or mutational severity, and cognitive impairment. These findings have important implications for psychiatric research, highlighting the need for new approaches to stratifying patients for research. They also point the way for work aiming to advance our understanding of the pathways from genotype to clinical phenotype, which will be required in order to inform new classification systems and to develop novel therapeutic strategies.

Shown for reading. Its publisher allows quoting it, not republishing it.

References 150

1. 1.

   Kessler RC Angermeyer M Anthony JC De Graaf R Demyttenaere K Gasquet I De Girolamo G Gluzman S Gureje O Haro JM Kawakami N Karam A Levinson D Medina Mora ME Oakley Browne MA Posada-Villa J Stein DJ Adley Tsang CH Aguilar-Gaxiola S Alonso J Lee S Heeringa S Pennell BE Berglund P Gruber MJ Petukhova M Chatterji S Ustün TB Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of mental disorders in the world health organization’s world mental health survey initiativeWorld Psychiatry2007 6168176

   Not in our library

2. 2.

   Whiteford HA Degenhardt L Rehm J Baxter AJ Ferrari AJ Erskine HE Charlson FJ Norman RE Flaxman AD Johns N Burstein R Murray CJ Vos T Global burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010Lancet2013 38215751586

   Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61611-6

3. 3.

   American Psychiatric AssociationDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders2013 5Arlington

   Not in our library

4. 4.

   World Health OrganisationICD-10 Classifications of Mental and Behavioural Disorder: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines1992 Geneva

   Not in our library

5. 5.

   Polanczyk G de Lima MS Horta BL Biederman J Rohde LA The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysisAm J Psychiatry2007 164942948

   Not in our library10.1176/appi.ajp.164.6.942

6. 6.

   Baron-Cohen S Scott FJ Allison C Williams J Bolton P Matthews FE Brayne C Prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions: UK school-based population studyBr J Psychiatry2009 194500509

   Not in our library10.1192/bjp.bp.108.059345

7. 7.

   Baird G Simonoff E Pickles A Chandler S Loucas T Meldrum D Charman T Prevalence of disorders of the autism spectrum in a population cohort of children in South Thames: the Special Needs and Autism Project (SNAP)Lancet2006 368210215

   Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(06)69041-7

8. 8.

   Blumberg SJ Bramlett MD Kogan MD Schieve LA Jones JR Lu MC Changes in Prevalence of Parent-Reported Autism Spectrum Disorder in School-Aged U.S. Children: 2007-20122013 Number 65. National Center for Health Statistics

   Not in our library

9. 9.
   A Systematic Review of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia · 2005

   No notice
10. 10.

    Merikangas KR Jin R He JP Kessler RC Lee S Sampson NA Viana MC Andrade LH Hu C Karam EG Ladea M Medina-Mora ME Ono Y Posada-Villa J Sagar R Wells JE Zarkov Z Prevalence and correlates of bipolar spectrum disorder in the world mental health survey initiativeArch Gen Psychiatry2011 68241251

    Not in our library10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.12

11. 11.

    Cardno AG Owen MJ Genetic relationships between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorderSchizophr Bull2014 doi:10.1093/schbul/sbu016

    Not in our library10.1093/schbul/sbu016

12. 12.

    Simonoff E Pickles A Charman T Chandler S Loucas T Baird G Psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders: prevalence, comorbidity, and associated factors in a population-derived sampleJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2008 47921929

    Not in our library10.1097/chi.0b013e318179964f

13. 13.

    Lee DO Ousley OY Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in a clinic sample of children and adolescents with pervasive developmental disordersJ Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol2006 16737746

    Not in our library10.1089/cap.2006.16.737

14. 14.

    Taylor L Faraone SV Tsuang MT Family, twin, and adoption studies of bipolar diseaseCurr Psychiatry Rep2002 4130133

    Not in our library10.1007/s11920-002-0046-1

15. 15.

    Shih RA Belmonte PL Zandi PP A review of the evidence from family, twin and adoption studies for a genetic contribution to adult psychiatric disordersInt Rev Psychiatry2004 16260283

    Not in our library10.1080/09540260400014401

16. 16.

    Thapar A Cooper M Jefferies R Stergiakouli E What causes attention deficit hyperactivity disorder?Arch Dis Child2012 97260265

    Not in our library10.1136/archdischild-2011-300482

17. 17.

    Szatmari P Jones MB Zwaigenbaum L MacLean JE Genetics of autism: overview and new directionsJ Autism Dev Disord1998 28351368

    Not in our library10.1023/a:1026096203946

18. 18.

    Wray NR Gottesman II Using summary data from the danish national registers to estimate heritabilities for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorderFront Genet2012 3118

    Not in our library10.3389/fgene.2012.00118

19. 19.

    Gershon ES Hamovit J Guroff JJ Dibble E Leckman JF Sceery W Targum SD Nurnberger JI Jr Goldin LR Bunney WE Jr A family study of schizoaffective, bipolar I, bipolar II, unipolar, and normal control probandsArch Gen Psychiatry1982 3911571167

    Not in our library10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290100031006

20. 20.

    Maier W Lichtermann D Minges J Hallmayer J Heun R Benkert O Levinson DF Continuity and discontinuity of affective disorders and schizophrenia. Results of a controlled family studyArch Gen Psychiatry1993 50871883

    Not in our library10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820230041004

21. 21.

    Gershon ES DeLisi LE Hamovit J Nurnberger JI Jr Maxwell ME Schreiber J Dauphinais D Dingman CW 2nd Guroff JJ A controlled family study of chronic psychoses. Schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorderArch Gen Psychiatry1988 45328336

    Not in our library10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800280038006

22. 22.

    Kendler KS McGuire M Gruenberg AM O’Hare A Spellman M Walsh D The roscommon family study. IV. Affective illness, anxiety disorders, and alcoholism in relativesArch Gen Psychiatry1993 50952960

    Not in our library10.1001/archpsyc.1993.01820240036005

23. 23.

    Lichtenstein P Yip BH Bjork C Pawitan Y Cannon TD Sullivan PF Hultman CM Common genetic determinants of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in Swedish families: a population-based studyLancet2009 373234239

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60072-6

24. 24.

    Cardno AG Rijsdijk FV Sham PC Murray RM McGuffin P A twin study of genetic relationships between psychotic symptomsAm J Psychiatry2002 159539545

    Not in our library10.1176/appi.ajp.159.4.539

25. 25.

    Van Snellenberg JX de Candia T Meta-analytic evidence for familial coaggregation of schizophrenia and bipolar disorderArch Gen Psychiatry2009 66748755

    Not in our library10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.64

26. 26.

    Sullivan PF Magnusson C Reichenberg A Boman M Dalman C Davidson M Fruchter E Hultman CM Lundberg M Långström N Weiser M Svensson AC Lichtenstein P Family history of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as risk factors for autismArch Gen Psychiatry2012 6910991103

    Not in our library10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2012.730

27. 27.

    Larsson H Rydén E Boman M Långström N Lichtenstein P Landén M Risk of bipolar disorder and schizophrenia in relatives of people with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderBr J Psychiatry2013 203103106

    Not in our library10.1192/bjp.bp.112.120808

28. 28.

    Rasic D Hajek T Alda M Uher R Risk of mental illness in offspring of parents with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder: a meta-analysis of family high-risk studiesSchizophr Bull2013 402838

    Not in our library10.1093/schbul/sbt114

29. 29.

    Vandeleur CL Merikangas KR Strippoli MP Castelao E Preisig M Specificity of psychosis, mania and major depression in a contemporary family studyMol Psychiatry2014 19209213

    Not in our library10.1038/mp.2013.132

30. 30.

    David AS Malmberg A Brandt L Allebeck P Lewis G IQ and risk for schizophrenia: a population-based cohort studyPsychol Med1997 2713111323

    Not in our library10.1017/s0033291797005680

31. 31.

    de la Serna E Baeza I Toro J Andres S Puig O Sanchez-Guistau V Romero S Bernardo M Castro-Fornieles J Relationship between clinical and neuropsychological characteristics in child and adolescent first degree relatives of subjects with schizophreniaSchizophr Res2010 116159167

    Not in our library10.1016/j.schres.2009.09.001

32. 32.

    Gur RE Nimgaonkar VL Almasy L Calkins ME Ragland JD Pogue-Geile MF Kanes S Blangero J Gur RC Neurocognitive endophenotypes in a multiplex multigenerational family study of schizophreniaAm J Psychiatry2007 164813819

    Not in our library10.1176/appi.ajp.164.5.813

33. 33.

    Toulopoulou T Goldberg TE Mesa IR Picchioni M Rijsdijk F Stahl D Cherny SS Sham P Faraone SV Tsuang M Weinberger DR Seidman LJ Murray RM Impaired intellect and memory: a missing link between genetic risk and schizophrenia?Arch Gen Psychiatry2010 67905913

    Not in our library10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.99

34. 34.

    Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics ConsortiumIdentification of risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: a genome-wide analysisLancet2013 38113711379

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(12)62129-1

35. 35.

    Green EK Grozeva D Jones I Jones L Kirov G Caesar S Gordon-Smith K Fraser C Forty L Russell E Hamshere ML Moskvina V Nikolov I Farmer A McGuffin P Wellcome Trust Case Control C Holmans PA Owen MJ O’Donovan MC Craddock N The bipolar disorder risk allele at CACNA1C also confers risk of recurrent major depression and of schizophreniaMol Psychiatry2010 1510161022

    Not in our library10.1038/mp.2009.49

36. 36.

    Ferreira MA O’Donovan MC Meng YA Jones IR Ruderfer DM Jones L Fan J Kirov G Perlis RH Green EK Smoller JW Grozeva D Stone J Nikolov I Chambert K Hamshere ML Nimgaonkar VL Moskvina V Thase ME Caesar S Sachs GS Franklin J Gordon-Smith K Ardlie KG Gabriel SB Fraser C Blumenstiel B Defelice M Breen G Gill M Collaborative genome-wide association analysis supports a role for ANK3 and CACNA1C in bipolar disorderNat Genet2008 4010561058

    Not in our library10.1038/ng.209

37. 37.

    The Schizophrenia Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) ConsortiumGenome-wide association study identifies five new schizophrenia lociNat Genet2011 43969976

    Not in our library10.1038/ng.940

38. 38.

    Psychiatric GWAS Consortium Bipolar Disorder Working GroupLarge-scale genome-wide association analysis of bipolar disorder identifies a new susceptibility locus near ODZ4Nat Genet2011 43977983

    Not in our library10.1038/ng.943

39. 39.

    O’Donovan MC Craddock N Norton N Williams H Peirce T Moskvina V Nikolov I Hamshere M Carroll L Georgieva L Dwyer S Holmans P Marchini JL Spencer CC Howie B Leung HT Hartmann AM Möller HJ Morris DW Shi Y Feng G Hoffmann P Propping P Vasilescu C Maier W Rietschel M Zammit S Schumacher J Quinn EM Schulze TG Identification of loci associated with schizophrenia by genome-wide association and follow-upNat Genet2008 4010531055

    Not in our library10.1038/ng.201

40. 40.

    Williams HJ Norton N Dwyer S Moskvina V Nikolov I Carroll L Georgieva L Williams NM Morris DW Quinn EM Giegling I Ikeda M Wood J Lencz T Hultman C Lichtenstein P Thiselton D Maher BS Malhotra AK Riley B Kendler KS Gill M Sullivan P Sklar P Purcell S Nimgaonkar VL Kirov G Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia Collaboration (MGS) International Schizophrenia Consortium (ISC), SGENE-plus, GROUPFine mapping of ZNF804A and genome-wide significant evidence for its involvement in schizophrenia and bipolar disorderMol Psychiatry2011 16429441

    Not in our library10.1038/mp.2010.36

41. 41.

    Cichon S Mühleisen TW Degenhardt FA Mattheisen M Miró X Strohmaier J Steffens M Meesters C Herms S Weingarten M Priebe L Haenisch B Alexander M Vollmer J Breuer R Schmäl C Tessmann P Moebus S Wichmann HE Schreiber S Müller-Myhsok B Lucae S Jamain S Leboyer M Bellivier F Etain B Henry C Kahn JP Heath S Bipolar Disorder Genome Study (BiGS) ConsortiumGenome-wide association study identifies genetic variation in neurocan as a susceptibility factor for bipolar disorderAm J Hum Genet2011 88372381

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.01.017

42. 42.

    Mühleisen TW Mattheisen M Strohmaier J Degenhardt F Priebe L Schultz CC Breuer R Meier S Hoffmann P Rivandeneira F Hofman A Uitterlinden AG Moebus S Gieger C Emeny R Ladwig KH Wichmann HE Schwarz M Kammerer-Ciernioch J Schlösser RG Nenadic I Sauer H Mössner R Maier W Rujescu D Lange C Ophoff RA Schulze TG Rietschel M GROUP InvestigatorsAssociation between schizophrenia and common variation in neurocan (NCAN), a genetic risk factor for bipolar disorderSchizophr Res2012 1386973

    Not in our library10.1016/j.schres.2012.03.007

43. 43.

    Purcell SM Wray NR Stone JL Visscher PM O’Donovan MC Sullivan PF Sklar P Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorderNature2009 460748752

    Not in our library10.1038/nature08185

44. 44.

    Ripke S O’Dushlaine C Chambert K Moran JL Kähler AK Akterin S Bergen SE Collins AL Crowley JJ Fromer M Kim Y Lee SH Magnusson PK Sanchez N Stahl EA Williams S Wray NR Xia K Bettella F Borglum AD Bulik-Sullivan BK Cormican P Craddock N de Leeuw C Durmishi N Gill M Golimbet V Hamshere ML Holmans P Hougaard DM Genome-wide association analysis identifies 13 new risk loci for schizophreniaNat Genet2013 4511501159

    Not in our library10.1038/ng.2742

45. 45.

    Hamshere ML Stergiakouli E Langley K Martin J Holmans P Kent L Owen MJ Gill M Thapar A O’Donovan M Craddock N Shared polygenic contribution between childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and adult schizophreniaBr J Psychiatry2013 203107111

    Not in our library10.1192/bjp.bp.112.117432

46. 46.

    Vorstman JA Anney RJ Derks EM Gallagher L Gill M de Jonge MV van Engeland H Kahn RS Ophoff RA Autism Genome Project, the International Schizophrenia ConsortiumNo evidence that common genetic risk variation is shared between schizophrenia and autismAm J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet2013 162B5560

    Not in our library10.1002/ajmg.b.32121

47. 47.

    Lencz T Knowles E Davies G Guha S Liewald DC Starr JM Djurovic S Melle I Sundet K Christoforou A Reinvang I Mukherjee S DeRosse P Lundervold A Steen VM John M Espeseth T Räikkönen K Widen E Palotie A Eriksson JG Giegling I Konte B Ikeda M Roussos P Giakoumaki S Burdick KE Payton A Ollier W Horan M Molecular genetic evidence for overlap between general cognitive ability and risk for schizophrenia: a report from the Cognitive Genomics consorTium (COGENT)Mol Psychiatry2014 19168174

    Not in our library10.1038/mp.2013.166

48. 48.

    McIntosh AM Gow A Luciano M Davies G Liewald DC Harris SE Corley J Hall J Starr JM Porteous DJ Tenesa A Visscher PM Deary IJ Polygenic risk for schizophrenia is associated with cognitive change between childhood and old ageBiol Psychiatry2013 73938943

    Not in our library10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.01.011

49. 49.

    van Scheltinga AF T Bakker SC van Haren NE Derks EM Buizer-Voskamp JE Cahn W Ripke S Ophoff RA Kahn RS Schizophrenia genetic variants are not associated with intelligencePsychol Med2013 4325632570

    Not in our library10.1017/s0033291713000196

50. 50.

    Yang J Lee SH Goddard ME Visscher PM GCTA: a tool for genome-wide complex trait analysisAm J Hum Genet2011 887682

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.11.011

51. 51.

    Lee SH Ripke S Neale BM Faraone SV Purcell SM Perlis RH Mowry BJ Thapar A Goddard ME Witte JS Absher D Agartz I Akil H Amin F Andreassen OA Anjorin A Anney R Anttila V Arking DE Asherson P Azevedo MH Backlund L Badner JA Bailey AJ Banaschewski T Barchas JD Barnes MR Barrett TB Bass N Cross-Disorder Group of the Psychiatric Genomics ConsortiumGenetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPsNat Genet2013 45984994

    Not in our library10.1038/ng.2711

52. 52.

    Rommelse NN Franke B Geurts HM Hartman CA Buitelaar JK Shared heritability of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorderEur Child Adolesc Psychiatry2010 19281295

    Not in our library10.1007/s00787-010-0092-x

53. 53.

    Nijmeijer JS Arias-Vásquez A Rommelse NN Altink ME Anney RJ Asherson P Banaschewski T Buschgens CJ Fliers EA Gill M Minderaa RB Poustka L Sergeant JA Buitelaar JK Franke B Ebstein RP Miranda A Mulas F Oades RD Roeyers H Rothenberger A Sonuga-Barke EJ Steinhausen HC Faraone SV Hartman CA Hoekstra PJ Identifying loci for the overlap between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder using a genome-wide QTL linkage approachJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2010 49675685

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jaac.2010.03.015

54. 54.

    Mulligan A Anney RJ O’Regan M Chen W Butler L Fitzgerald M Buitelaar J Steinhausen HC Rothenberger A Minderaa R Nijmeijer J Hoekstra PJ Oades RD Roeyers H Buschgens C Christiansen H Franke B Gabriels I Hartman C Kuntsi J Marco R Meidad S Mueller U Psychogiou L Rommelse N Thompson M Uebel H Banaschewski T Ebstein R Eisenberg J Autism symptoms in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a familial trait which correlates with conduct, oppositional defiant, language and motor disordersJ Autism Dev Disord2009 39197209

    Not in our library10.1007/s10803-008-0621-3

55. 55.

    Faraone SV Biederman J Wozniak J Examining the comorbidity between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar I disorder: a meta-analysis of family genetic studiesAm J Psychiatry2012 16912561266

    Not in our library10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010087

56. 56.

    Lee SH DeCandia TR Ripke S Yang J Sullivan PF Goddard ME Keller MC Visscher PM Wray NR Estimating the proportion of variation in susceptibility to schizophrenia captured by common SNPsNat Genet2012 44247250

    Not in our library10.1038/ng.1108

57. 57.

    International Schizophrenia ConsortiumRare chromosomal deletions and duplications increase risk of schizophreniaNature2008 455237241

    Not in our library10.1038/nature07239

58. 58.

    Walsh T McClellan JM McCarthy SE Addington AM Pierce SB Cooper GM Nord AS Kusenda M Malhotra D Bhandari A Stray SM Rippey CF Roccanova P Makarov V Lakshmi B Findling RL Sikich L Stromberg T Merriman B Gogtay N Butler P Eckstrand K Noory L Gochman P Long R Chen Z Davis S Baker C Eichler EE Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophreniaScience2008 320539543

    Not in our library10.1126/science.1155174

59. 59.

    Xu B Roos JL Levy S van Rensburg EJ Gogos JA Karayiorgou M Strong association of de novo copy number mutations with sporadic schizophreniaNat Genet2008 40880885

    Not in our library10.1038/ng.162

60. 60.

    Williams NM Franke B Mick E Anney RJ Freitag CM Gill M Thapar A O’Donovan MC Owen MJ Holmans P Kent L Middleton F Zhang-James Y Liu L Meyer J Nguyen TT Romanos J Romanos M Seitz C Renner TJ Walitza S Warnke A Palmason H Buitelaar J Rommelse N Vasquez AA Hawi Z Langley K Sergeant J Steinhausen HC Genome-wide analysis of copy number variants in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the role of rare variants and duplications at 15q13.3Am J Psychiatry2012 169195204

    Not in our library10.1176/appi.ajp.2011.11060822

61. 61.

    Williams NM Zaharieva I Martin A Langley K Mantripragada K Fossdal R Stefansson H Stefansson K Magnusson P Gudmundsson OO Gustafsson O Holmans P Owen MJ O’Donovan M Thapar A Rare chromosomal deletions and duplications in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a genome-wide analysisLancet2010 37614011408

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(10)61109-9

62. 62.

    Pinto D Pagnamenta AT Klei L Anney R Merico D Regan R Conroy J Magalhaes TR Correia C Abrahams BS Almeida J Bacchelli E Bader GD Bailey AJ Baird G Battaglia A Berney T Bolshakova N Bölte S Bolton PF Bourgeron T Brennan S Brian J Bryson SE Carson AR Casallo G Casey J Chung BH Cochrane L Corsello C Functional impact of global rare copy number variation in autism spectrum disordersNature2010 466368372

    Not in our library10.1038/nature09146

63. 63.

    Cooper GM Coe BP Girirajan S Rosenfeld JA Vu TH Baker C Williams C Stalker H Hamid R Hannig V Abdel-Hamid H Bader P McCracken E Niyazov D Leppig K Thiese H Hummel M Alexander N Gorski J Kussmann J Shashi V Johnson K Rehder C Ballif BC Shaffer LG Eichler EE A copy number variation morbidity map of developmental delayNat Genet2011 43838846

    Not in our library10.1038/ng.909

64. 64.

    Grozeva D Kirov G Conrad DF Barnes CP Hurles M Owen MJ O’Donovan MC Craddock N Reduced burden of very large and rare CNVs in bipolar affective disorderBipolar Disord2013 15893898

    Not in our library10.1111/bdi.12125

65. 65.

    Grozeva D Kirov G Ivanov D Jones IR Jones L Green EK St Clair DM Young AH Ferrier N Farmer AE McGuffin P Holmans PA Owen MJ O’Donovan MC Craddock N Wellcome Trust Case Control ConsortiumRare copy number variants: a point of rarity in genetic risk for bipolar disorder and schizophreniaArch Gen Psychiatry2010 67318327

    Not in our library10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.25

66. 66.

    McQuillin A Bass N Anjorin A Lawrence J Kandaswamy R Lydall G Moran J Sklar P Purcell S Gurling H Analysis of genetic deletions and duplications in the University College London bipolar disorder case control sampleEur J Hum Genet2011 19588592

    Not in our library10.1038/ejhg.2010.221

67. 67.

    Malhotra D McCarthy S Michaelson JJ Vacic V Burdick KE Yoon S Cichon S Corvin A Gary S Gershon ES Gill M Karayiorgou M Kelsoe JR Krastoshevsky O Krause V Leibenluft E Levy DL Makarov V Bhandari A Malhotra AK McMahon FJ Nöthen MM Potash JB Rietschel M Schulze TG Sebat J High frequencies of de novo CNVs in bipolar disorder and schizophreniaNeuron2011 72951963

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neuron.2011.11.007

68. 68.

    Zhang D Cheng L Qian Y Alliey-Rodriguez N Kelsoe JR Greenwood T Nievergelt C Barrett TB McKinney R Schork N Smith EN Bloss C Nurnberger J Edenberg HJ Foroud T Sheftner W Lawson WB Nwulia EA Hipolito M Coryell W Rice J Byerley W McMahon F Schulze TG Berrettini W Potash JB Belmonte PL Zandi PP McInnis MG Zöllner S Singleton deletions throughout the genome increase risk of bipolar disorderMol Psychiatry2009 14376380

    Not in our library10.1038/mp.2008.144

69. 69.

    Rucker JJ Breen G Pinto D Pedroso I Lewis CM Cohen-Woods S Uher R Schosser A Rivera M Aitchison KJ Craddock N Owen MJ Jones L Jones I Korszun A Muglia P Barnes MR Preisig M Mors O Gill M Maier W Rice J Rietschel M Holsboer F Farmer AE Craig IW Scherer SW McGuffin P Genome-wide association analysis of copy number variation in recurrent depressive disorderMol Psychiatry2013 18183189

    Not in our library10.1038/mp.2011.144

70. 70.

    Stefansson H Meyer-Lindenberg A Steinberg S Magnusdottir B Morgen K Arnarsdottir S Bjornsdottir G Walters GB Jonsdottir G Doyle OM Tost H Grimm O Kristjansdottir S Snorrason H Davidsdottir SR Gudmundsson LJ Jonsson GF Stefansdottir B Helgadottir I Haraldsson M Jonsdottir B Thygesen JH Schwarz AJ Didriksen M Stensbøl TB Brammer M Kapur S Halldorsson JG Hreidarsson S Saemundsen E CNVs conferring risk of autism or schizophrenia affect cognition in controlsNature2014 505361366

    Not in our library10.1038/nature12818

71. 71.

    Brunetti-Pierri N Jin R He JP Kessler RC Lee S Sampson NA Viana MC Andrade LH Hu C Karam EG Ladea M Medina-Mora ME Ono Y Posada-Villa J Sagar R Wells JE Zarkov Z Recurrent reciprocal 1q21.1 deletions and duplications associated with microcephaly or macrocephaly and developmental and behavioral abnormalitiesNat Genet2008 4014661471

    Not in our library10.1038/ng.279

72. 72.

    Stefansson H Rujescu D Cichon S Pietiläinen OP Ingason A Steinberg S Fossdal R Sigurdsson E Sigmundsson T Buizer-Voskamp JE Hansen T Jakobsen KD Muglia P Francks C Matthews PM Gylfason A Halldorsson BV Gudbjartsson D Thorgeirsson TE Sigurdsson A Jonasdottir A Jonasdottir A Bjornsson A Mattiasdottir S Blondal T Haraldsson M Magnusdottir BB Giegling I Möller HJ Hartmann A Large recurrent microdeletions associated with schizophreniaNature2008 455232236

    Not in our library10.1038/nature07229

73. 73.

    Kirov G Rees E Walters JT Escott-Price V Georgieva L Richards AL Chambert KD Davies G Legge SE Moran JL McCarroll SA O’Donovan MC Owen MJ The penetrance of copy number variations for schizophrenia and developmental delayBiol Psychiatry2014 75378385

    Not in our library10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.07.022

74. 74.

    Rees E Walters JT Georgieva L Isles AR Chambert KD Richards AL Mahoney-Davies G Legge SE Moran JL McCarroll SA O’Donovan MC Owen MJ Kirov G Analysis of copy number variations at 15 schizophrenia-associated lociBr J Psychiatry2014 204108114

    Not in our library10.1192/bjp.bp.113.131052

75. 75.

    Levinson DF Duan J Oh S Wang K Sanders AR Shi J Zhang N Mowry BJ Olincy A Amin F Cloninger CR Silverman JM Buccola NG Byerley WF Black DW Kendler KS Freedman R Dudbridge F Pe’er I Hakonarson H Bergen SE Fanous AH Holmans PA Gejman PV Copy number variants in schizophrenia: confirmation of five previous findings and new evidence for 3q29 microdeletions and VIPR2 duplicationsAm J Psychiatry2011 168302316

    Not in our library10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10060876

76. 76.

    Kim HG Kishikawa S Higgins AW Seong IS Donovan DJ Shen Y Lally E Weiss LA Najm J Kutsche K Descartes M Holt L Braddock S Troxell R Kaplan L Volkmar F Klin A Tsatsanis K Harris DJ Noens I Pauls DL Daly MJ MacDonald ME Morton CC Quade BJ Gusella JF Disruption of neurexin 1 associated with autism spectrum disorderAm J Hum Genet2008 82199207

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ajhg.2007.09.011

77. 77.

    Dabell MP Rosenfeld JA Bader P Escobar LF El-Khechen D Vallee SE Dinulos MB Curry C Fisher J Tervo R Hannibal MC Siefkas K Wyatt PR Hughes L Smith R Ellingwood S Lacassie Y Stroud T Farrell SA Sanchez-Lara PA Randolph LM Niyazov D Stevens CA Schoonveld C Skidmore D MacKay S Miles JH Moodley M Huillet A Neill NJ Investigation of NRXN1 deletions: clinical and molecular characterizationAm J Med Genet A2013 161A717731

    Not in our library10.1002/ajmg.a.35780

78. 78.

    Bena F Bruno DL Eriksson M van Ravenswaaij-Arts C Stark Z Dijkhuizen T Gerkes E Gimelli S Ganesamoorthy D Thuresson AC Labalme A Till M Bilan F Pasquier L Kitzis A Dubourgm C Rossi M Bottani A Gagnebin M Sanlaville D Gilbert-Dussardier B Guipponi M van Haeringen A Kriek M Ruivenkamp C Antonarakis SE Anderlid BM Slater HR Schoumans J Molecular and clinical characterization of 25 individuals with exonic deletions of NRXN1 and comprehensive review of the literatureAm J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet2013 162B388403

    Not in our library10.1002/ajmg.b.32148

79. 79.

    Kirov G Gumus D Chen W Norton N Georgieva L Sari M O’Donovan MC Erdogan F Owen MJ Ropers HH Ullmann R Comparative genome hybridization suggests a role for NRXN1 and APBA2 in schizophreniaHum Mol Genet2008 17458465

    Not in our library10.1093/hmg/ddm323

80. 80.

    Rujescu D Ingason A Cichon S Pietiläinen OP Barnes MR Toulopoulou T Picchioni M Vassos E Ettinger U Bramon E Murray R Ruggeri M Tosato S Bonetto C Steinberg S Sigurdsson E Sigmundsson T Petursson H Gylfason A Olason PI Hardarsson G Jonsdottir GA Gustafsson O Fossdal R Giegling I Möller HJ Hartmann AM Hoffmann P Crombie C Fraser G Disruption of the neurexin 1 gene is associated with schizophreniaHum Mol Genet2009 18988996

    Not in our library10.1093/hmg/ddn351

81. 81.

    Kirov G Grozeva D Norton N Ivanov D Mantripragada KK Holmans P Craddock N Owen MJ O’Donovan MC Support for the involvement of large copy number variants in the pathogenesis of schizophreniaHum Mol Genet2009 1814971503

    Not in our library10.1093/hmg/ddp043

82. 82.

    Mulle JG Dodd AF McGrath JA Wolyniec PS Mitchell AA Shetty AC Sobreira NL Valle D Rudd MK Satten G Cutler DJ Pulver AE Warren ST Microdeletions of 3q29 confer high risk for schizophreniaAm J Hum Genet2010 87229236

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.07.013

83. 83.

    Kirov G Pocklington AJ Holmans P Ivanov D Ikeda M Ruderfer D Moran J Chambert K Toncheva D Georgieva L Grozeva D Fjodorova M Wollerton R Rees E Nikolov I van de Lagemaat LN Bayés A Fernandez E Olason PI Böttcher Y Komiyama NH Collins MO Choudhary J Stefansson K Stefansson H Grant SG Purcell S Sklar P O’Donovan MC Owen MJ De novo CNV analysis implicates specific abnormalities of postsynaptic signalling complexes in the pathogenesis of schizophreniaMol Psychiatry2012 17142153

    Not in our library10.1038/mp.2011.154

84. 84.

    Mulle JG Pulver AE McGrath JA Wolyniec PS Dodd AF Cutler DJ Sebat J Malhotra D Nestadt G Conrad DF Hurles M Barnes CP Ikeda M Iwata N Levinson DF Gejman PV Sanders AR Duan J Mitchell AA Peter I Sklar P O’Dushlaine CT Grozeva D O’Donovan MC Owen MJ Hultman CM Kähler AK Sullivan PF Kirov G Warren ST Molecular Genetics of Schizophrenia ConsortiumReciprocal duplication of the Williams-Beuren syndrome deletion on chromosome 7q11.23 is associated with schizophreniaBiol Psychiatry2014 75371377

    Not in our library10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.040

85. 85.

    Sanders SJ Ercan-Sencicek AG Hus V Luo R Murtha MT Moreno-De-Luca D Chu SH Moreau MP Gupta AR Thomson SA Mason CE Bilguvar K Celestino-Soper PB Choi M Crawford EL Davis L Wright NR Dhodapkar RM DiCola M DiLullo NM Fernandez TV Fielding-Singh V Fishman DO Frahm S Garagaloyan R Goh GS Kammela S Klei L Lowe JK Lund SC Multiple recurrent de novo CNVs, including duplications of the 7q11.23 Williams syndrome region, are strongly associated with autismNeuron2011 70863885

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.002

86. 86.

    Velleman SL Mervis CB Children with 7q11.23 duplication syndrome: speech, language, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics and their implications for interventionPerspect Lang Learn Educ2011 18108116

    Not in our library10.1044/lle18.3.108

87. 87.

    Burnside RD Pasion R Mikhail FM Carroll AJ Robin NH Youngs EL Gadi IK Keitges E Jaswaney VL Papenhausen PR Potluri VR Risheg H Rush B Smith JL Schwartz S Tepperberg JH Butler MG Microdeletion/microduplication of proximal 15q11.2 between BP1 and BP2: a susceptibility region for neurological dysfunction including developmental and language delayHum Genet2011 130517528

    Not in our library10.1007/s00439-011-0970-4

88. 88.

    Doornbos M Sikkema-Raddatz B Ruijvenkamp CA Dijkhuizen T Bijlsma EK Gijsbers AC Hilhorst-Hofstee Y Hordijk R Verbruggen KT Kerstjens-Frederikse WS van Essen T Kok K van Silfhout AT Breuning M van Ravenswaaij-Arts CM Nine patients with a microdeletion 15q11.2 between breakpoints 1 and 2 of the Prader-Willi critical region, possibly associated with behavioural disturbancesEur J Med Genet2009 52108115

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejmg.2009.03.010

89. 89.

    von der Lippe C Rustad C Heimdal K Rodningen OK 15q11.2 microdeletion - seven new patients with delayed development and/or behavioural problemsEur J Med Genet2011 54357360

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejmg.2010.12.008

90. 90.

    Ingason A Kirov G Giegling I Hansen T Isles AR Jakobsen KD Kristinsson KT le Roux L Gustafsson O Craddock N Möller HJ McQuillin A Muglia P Cichon S Rietschel M Ophoff RA Djurovic S Andreassen OA Pietiläinen OP Peltonen L Dempster E Collier DA St Clair D Rasmussen HB Glenthøj BY Kiemeney LA Franke B Tosato S Bonetto C Saemundsen E Maternally derived microduplications at 15q11-q13: implication of imprinted genes in psychotic illnessAm J Psychiatry2011 168408417

    Not in our library10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09111660

91. 91.

    Moreno-De-Luca D Sanders SJ Willsey AJ Mulle JG Lowe JK Geschwind DH State MW Martin CL Ledbetter DH Using large clinical data sets to infer pathogenicity for rare copy number variants in autism cohortsMol Psychiatry2013 1810901095

    Not in our library10.1038/mp.2012.138

92. 92.

    Dennis NR Veltman MW Thompson R Craig E Bolton PF Thomas NS Clinical findings in 33 subjects with large supernumerary marker(15) chromosomes and 3 subjects with triplication of 15q11-q13Am J Med Genet A2006 140434441

    Not in our library10.1002/ajmg.a.31091

93. 93.

    van Bon BW Mefford HC Menten B Koolen DA Sharp AJ Nillesen WM Innis JW de Ravel TJ Mercer CL Fichera M Stewart H Connell LE Ounap K Lachlan K Castle B Van der Aa N van Ravenswaaij C Nobrega MA Serra-Juhé C Simonic I de Leeuw N Pfundt R Bongers EM Baker C Finnemore P Huang S Maloney VK Crolla JA van Kalmthout M Elia M Vandeweyer G Further delineation of the 15q13 microdeletion and duplication syndromes: a clinical spectrum varying from non-pathogenic to a severe outcomeJ Med Genet2009 46511523

    Not in our library10.1136/jmg.2008.063412

94. 94.

    Ben-Shachar S Lanpher B German JR Qasaymeh M Potocki L Nagamani SC Franco LM Malphrus A Bottenfield GW Spence JE Amato S Rousseau JA Moghaddam B Skinner C Skinner SA Bernes S Armstrong N Shinawi M Stankiewicz P Patel A Cheung SW Lupski JR Beaudet AL Sahoo T Microdeletion 15q13.3: a locus with incomplete penetrance for autism, mental retardation, and psychiatric disordersJ Med Genet2009 46382388

    Not in our library10.1136/jmg.2008.064378

95. 95.

    Pagnamenta AT Wing K Sadighi Akha E Knight SJ Bölte S Schmötzer G Duketis E Poustka F Klauck SM Poustka A Ragoussis J Bailey AJ Monaco AP International Molecular Genetic Study of Autism ConsortiumA 15q13.3 microdeletion segregating with autismEur J Hum Genet2009 17687692

    Not in our library10.1038/ejhg.2008.228

96. 96.

    Miller DT Shen Y Weiss LA Korn J Anselm I Bridgemohan C Cox GF Dickinson H Gentile J Harris DJ Hegde V Hundley R Khwaja O Kothare S Luedke C Nasir R Poduri A Prasad K Raffalli P Reinhard A Smith SE Sobeih MM Soul JS Stoler J Takeoka M Tan WH Thakuria J Wolff R Yusupov R Gusella JF Microdeletion/duplication at 15q13.2q13.3 among individuals with features of autism and other neuropsychiatric disordersJ Med Genet2009 46242248

    Not in our library10.1136/jmg.2008.059907

97. 97.

    Guilmatre A Dubourg C Mosca AL Legallic S Goldenberg A Drouin-Garraud V Layet V Rosier A Briault S Bonnet-Brilhault F Laumonnier F Odent S Le Vacon G Joly-Helas G David V Bendavid C Pinoit JM Henry C Impallomeni C Germano E Tortorella G Di Rosa G Barthelemy C Andres C Faivre L Frébourg T Saugier Veber P Campion D Recurrent rearrangements in synaptic and neurodevelopmental genes and shared biologic pathways in schizophrenia, autism, and mental retardationArch Gen Psychiatry2009 66947956

    Not in our library10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.80

98. 98.

    Levy D Ronemus M Yamrom B Lee YH Leotta A Kendall J Marks S Lakshmi B Pai D Ye K Buja A Krieger A Yoon S Troge J Rodgers L Iossifov I Wigler M Rare de novo and transmitted copy-number variation in autistic spectrum disordersNeuron2011 70886897

    Not in our library10.1016/j.neuron.2011.05.015

99. 99.

    McCarthy SE Makarov V Kirov G Addington AM McClellan J Yoon S Perkins DO Dickel DE Kusenda M Krastoshevsky O Krause V Kumar RA Grozeva D Malhotra D Walsh T Zackai EH Kaplan P Ganesh J Krantz ID Spinner NB Roccanova P Bhandari A Pavon K Lakshmi B Leotta A Kendall J Lee YH Vacic V Gary S Iakoucheva LM Microduplications of 16p11.2 are associated with schizophreniaNat Genet2009 4112231227

    Not in our library10.1038/ng.474

100. 100.

     Weiss LA Shen Y Korn JM Arking DE Miller DT Fossdal R Saemundsen E Stefansson H Ferreira MA Green T Platt OS Ruderfer DM Walsh CA Altshuler D Chakravarti A Tanzi RE Stefansson K Santangelo SL Gusella JF Sklar P Wu BL Daly MJ Autism ConsortiumAssociation between microdeletion and microduplication at 16p11.2 and autismN Engl J Med2008 358667675

     Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa075974

101. 101.

     Shinawi M Liu P Kang SH Shen J Belmont JW Scott DA Probst FJ Craigen WJ Graham BH Pursley A Clark G Lee J Proud M Stocco A Rodriguez DL Kozel BA Sparagana S Roeder ER McGrew SG Kurczynski TW Allison LJ Amato S Savage S Patel A Stankiewicz P Beaudet AL Cheung SW Lupski JR Recurrent reciprocal 16p11.2 rearrangements associated with global developmental delay, behavioural problems, dysmorphism, epilepsy, and abnormal head sizeJ Med Genet2010 47332341

     Not in our library10.1136/jmg.2009.073015

102. 102.

     Zufferey F Sherr EH Beckmann ND Hanson E Maillard AM Hippolyte L Macé A Ferrari C Kutalik Z Andrieux J Aylward E Barker M Bernier R Bouquillon S Conus P Delobel B Faucett WA Goin-Kochel RP Grant E Harewood L Hunter JV Lebon S Ledbetter DH Martin CL Männik K Martinet D Mukherjee P Ramocki MB Spence SJ Steinman KJ A 600 kb deletion syndrome at 16p11.2 leads to energy imbalance and neuropsychiatric disordersJ Med Genet2012 49660668

     Not in our library10.1136/jmedgenet-2012-101203

103. 103.

     Ingason A Rujescu D Cichon S Sigurdsson E Sigmundsson T Pietiläinen OP Buizer-Voskamp JE Strengman E Francks C Muglia P Gylfason A Gustafsson O Olason PI Steinberg S Hansen T Jakobsen KD Rasmussen HB Giegling I Möller HJ Hartmann A Crombie C Fraser G Walker N Lonnqvist J Suvisaari J Tuulio-Henriksson A Bramon E Kiemeney LA Franke B Murray R Copy number variations of chromosome 16p13.1 region associated with schizophreniaMol Psychiatry2011 161725

     Not in our library10.1038/mp.2009.101

104. 104.

     Ikeda M Aleksic B Kirov G Kinoshita Y Yamanouchi Y Kitajima T Kawashima K Okochi T Kishi T Zaharieva I Owen MJ O’Donovan MC Ozaki N Iwata N Copy number variation in schizophrenia in the Japanese populationBiol Psychiatry2010 67283286

     Not in our library10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.08.034

105. 105.

     Moreno-De-Luca D Mulle JG Kaminsky EB Sanders SJ Myers SM Adam MP Pakula AT Eisenhauer NJ Uhas K Weik L Guy L Care ME Morel CF Boni C Salbert BA Chandrareddy A Demmer LA Chow EW Surti U Aradhya S Pickering DL Golden DM Sanger WG Aston E Brothman AR Gliem TJ Thorland EC SGENE ConsortiumDeletion 17q12 is a recurrent copy number variant that confers high risk of autism and schizophreniaAm J Hum Genet2010 87618630

     Not in our library10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.10.004

106. 106.

     Karayiorgou M Morris MA Morrow B Shprintzen RJ Goldberg R Borrow J Gos A Nestadt G Wolyniec PS Lasseter VK Eisen H Childs B Kazazian HH Kucherlapati R Antonarakis SE Pulver AE Housman DE Schizophrenia susceptibility associated with interstitial deletions of chromosome 22q11Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A1995 9276127616

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.92.17.7612

107. 107.

     Niarchou M Zammit S van Goozen SH Thapar A Tierling HM Owen MJ van den Bree MB Psychopathology and cognition in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndromeBr J Psychiatry2014 2044654

     Not in our library10.1192/bjp.bp.113.132324

108. 108.

     Antshel KM Aneja A Strunge L Peebles J Fremont WP Stallone K Abdulsabur N Higgins AM Shprintzen RJ Kates WR Autistic spectrum disorders in velo-cardio facial syndrome (22q11.2 deletion)J Autism Dev Disord2007 3717761786

     Not in our library10.1007/s10803-006-0308-6

109. 109.

     Antshel KM Fremont W Roizen NJ Shprintzen R Higgins AM Dhamoon A Kates WR ADHD, major depressive disorder, and simple phobias are prevalent psychiatric conditions in youth with velocardiofacial syndromeJ Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry2006 45596603

     Not in our library10.1097/01.chi.0000205703.25453.5a

110. 110.
     Evidence that duplications of 22q11.2 protect against schizophrenia · 2013

     No notice
111. 111.

     O’Roak BJ Deriziotis P Lee C Vives L Schwartz JJ Girirajan S Karakoc E Mackenzie AP Ng SB Baker C Rieder MJ Nickerson DA Bernier R Fisher SE Shendure J Eichler EE Exome sequencing in sporadic autism spectrum disorders identifies severe de novo mutationsNat Genet2011 43585589

     Not in our library10.1038/ng.835

112. 112.

     Neale BM Kou Y Liu L Ma’ayan A Samocha KE Sabo A Lin CF Stevens C Wang LS Makarov V Polak P Yoon S Maguire J Crawford EL Campbell NG Geller ET Valladares O Schafer C Liu H Zhao T Cai G Lihm J Dannenfelser R Jabado O Peralta Z Nagaswamy U Muzny D Reid JG Newsham I Wu Y Patterns and rates of exonic de novo mutations in autism spectrum disordersNature2012 485242245

     Not in our library10.1038/nature11011

113. 113.

     Sanders SJ Murtha MT Gupta AR Murdoch JD Raubeson MJ Willsey AJ Ercan-Sencicek AG DiLullo NM Parikshak NN Stein JL Walker MF Ober GT Teran NA Song Y El-Fishawy P Murtha RC Choi M Overton JD Bjornson RD Carriero NJ Meyer KA Bilguvar K Mane SM Sestan N Lifton RP Günel M Roeder K Geschwind DH Devlin B State MW De novo mutations revealed by whole-exome sequencing are strongly associated with autismNature2012 485237241

     Not in our library10.1038/nature10945

114. 114.

     Iossifov I Ronemus M Levy D Wang Z Hakker I Rosenbaum J Yamrom B Lee YH Narzisi G Leotta A Kendall J Grabowska E Ma B Marks S Rodgers L Stepansky A Troge J Andrews P Bekritsky M Pradhan K Ghiban E Kramer M Parla J Demeter R Fulton LL Fulton RS Magrini VJ Ye K Darnell JC Darnell RB De novo gene disruptions in children on the autistic spectrumNeuron2012 74285299

     Not in our library10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.009

115. 115.

     Rauch A Wieczorek D Graf E Wieland T Endele S Schwarzmayr T Albrecht B Bartholdi D Beygo J Di Donato N Dufke A Cremer K Hempel M Horn D Hoyer J Joset P Röpke A Moog U Riess A Thiel CT Tzschach A Wiesener A Wohlleber E Zweier C Ekici AB Zink AM Rump A Meisinger C Grallert H Sticht H Range of genetic mutations associated with severe non-syndromic sporadic intellectual disability: an exome sequencing studyLancet2012 38016741682

     Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61480-9

116. 116.

     de Ligt J Willemsen MH van Bon BW Kleefstra T Yntema HG Kroes T Vulto-van Silfhout AT Koolen DA de Vries P Gilissen C del Rosario M Hoischen A Scheffer H de Vries BB Brunner HG Veltman JA Vissers LE Diagnostic exome sequencing in persons with severe intellectual disabilityN Engl J Med2012 36719211929

     Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa1206524

117. 117.
     Advanced Paternal Age Is Associated with Impaired Neurocognitive Outcomes during Infancy and Childhood · 2009

     No notice
118. 118.

     Reichenberg A Gross R Weiser M Bresnahan M Silverman J Harlap S Rabinowitz J Shulman C Malaspina D Lubin G Knobler HY Davidson M Susser E Advancing paternal age and autismArch Gen Psychiatry2006 6310261032

     Not in our library10.1001/archpsyc.63.9.1026

119. 119.

     Croen LA Najjar DV Fireman B Grether JK Maternal and paternal age and risk of autism spectrum disordersArch Pediatr Adolesc Med2007 161334340

     Not in our library10.1001/archpedi.161.4.334

120. 120.

     Durkin MS Maenner MJ Newschaffer CJ Lee LC Cunniff CM Daniels JL Kirby RS Leavitt L Miller L Zahorodny W Schieve LA Advanced parental age and the risk of autism spectrum disorderAm J Epidemiol2008 16812681276

     Not in our library10.1093/aje/kwn250

121. 121.

     Girard SL Gauthier J Noreau A Xiong L Zhou S Jouan L Dionne-Laporte A Spiegelman D Henrion E Diallo O Thibodeau P Bachand I Bao JY Tong AH Lin CH Millet B Jaafari N Joober R Dion PA Lok S Krebs MO Rouleau GA Increased exonic de novo mutation rate in individuals with schizophreniaNat Genet2011 43860863

     Not in our library10.1038/ng.886

122. 122.

     Xu B Roos JL Dexheimer P Boone B Plummer B Levy S Gogos JA Karayiorgou M Exome sequencing supports a de novo mutational paradigm for schizophreniaNat Genet2011 43864868

     Not in our library10.1038/ng.902

123. 123.

     Fromer M Pocklington AJ Kavanagh DH Williams HJ Dwyer S Gormley P Georgieva L Rees E Palta P Ruderfer DM Carrera N Humphreys I Johnson JS Roussos P Barker DD Banks E Milanova V Grant SG Hannon E Rose SA Chambert K Mahajan M Scolnick EM Moran JL Kirov G Palotie A McCarroll SA Holmans P Sklar P Owen MJ De novo mutations in schizophrenia implicate synaptic networksNature2014 506179184

     Not in our library10.1038/nature12929

124. 124.

     Purcell SM Moran JL Fromer M Ruderfer D Solovieff N Roussos P O’Dushlaine C Chambert K Bergen SE Kähler A Duncan L Stahl E Genovese G Fernández E Collins MO Komiyama NH Choudhary JS Magnusson PK Banks E Shakir K Garimella K Fennell T DePristo M Grant SG Haggarty SJ Gabriel S Scolnick EM Lander ES Hultman CM Sullivan PF A polygenic burden of rare disruptive mutations in schizophreniaNature2014 506185190

     Not in our library10.1038/nature12975

125. 125.

     Tam GW Redon R Carter NP Grant SG The role of DNA copy number variation in schizophreniaBiol Psychiatry2009 6610051012

     Not in our library10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.07.027

126. 126.

     Niere F Wilkerson JR Huber KM Evidence for a fragile X mental retardation protein-mediated translational switch in metabotropic glutamate receptor-triggered Arc translation and long-term depressionJ Neurosci2012 3259245936

     Not in our library10.1523/jneurosci.4650-11.2012

127. 127.

     Kirov G Rujescu D Ingason A Collier DA O’Donovan MC Owen MJ Neurexin 1 (NRXN1) deletions in schizophreniaSchizophr Bull2009 35851854

     Not in our library10.1093/schbul/sbp079

128. 128.

     Grant SG Marshall MC Page KL Cumiskey MA Armstrong JD Synapse proteomics of multiprotein complexes: en route from genes to nervous system diseasesHum Mol Genet2005 14R225R234

     Not in our library10.1093/hmg/ddi330

129. 129.

     Howes OD Murray RM Schizophrenia: an integrated sociodevelopmental-cognitive modelLancet2013 10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62036-X

     Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(13)62036-x

130. 130.

     Craddock N Owen MJ The Kraepelinian dichotomy - going, going… but still not goneBr J Psychiatry2010 1969295

     Not in our library10.1192/bjp.bp.109.073429

131. 131.

     Owen MJ Intellectual disability and major psychiatric disorders: a continuum of neurodevelopmental causalityBr J Psychiatry2012 200268269

     Not in our library10.1192/bjp.bp.111.105551

132. 132.

     Cuthbert BN Insel TR Toward new approaches to psychotic disorders: the NIMH Research Domain Criteria projectSchizophr Bull2010 3610611062

     Not in our library10.1093/schbul/sbq108

133. 133.

     Doherty JL Owen MJ The Research Domain Criteria: moving the goalposts to change the gameBr J Psychiatry2014 204171173

     Not in our library10.1192/bjp.bp.113.133330

134. 134.

     Uher R Genomics and the classification of mental illness: focus on broader categoriesGenome Med2013 597

     Not in our library10.1186/gm501

135. 135.

     Manning M Hudgins L Array-based technology and recommendations for utilization in medical genetics practice for detection of chromosomal abnormalitiesGenet Med2010 12742745

     Not in our library10.1097/gim.0b013e3181f8baad

136. 136.

     Sherr EH Michelson DJ Shevell MI Moeschler JB Gropman AL Ashwal S Neurodevelopmental disorders and genetic testing: Current approaches and future advancesAnn Neurol2013 10.1002/ana.23950

     Not in our library10.1002/ana.23950

137. 137.

     Gershon ES Alliey-Rodriguez N New ethical issues for genetic counseling in common mental disordersAm J Psychiatry2013 170968976

     Not in our library10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12121558

138. 138.

     van den Bree MB Miller G Mansell E Thapar A Flinter F Owen MJ The internet is parents’ main source of information about psychiatric manifestations of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS)Eur J Med Genet2013 56439441

     Not in our library10.1016/j.ejmg.2013.05.001

139. 139.

     Martin N Mikhaelian M Cytrynbaum C Shuman C Chitayat DA Weksberg R Bassett AS 22q11.2 deletion syndrome: attitudes towards disclosing the risk of psychiatric illnessJ Genet Couns2012 21825834

     Not in our library10.1007/s10897-012-9517-7

140. 140.

     Barbaresi WJ Colligan RC Weaver AL Voigt RG Killian JM Katusic SK Mortality, ADHD, and psychosocial adversity in adults with childhood ADHD: a prospective studyPediatrics2013 131637644

     Not in our library10.1542/peds.2012-2354

141. 141.

     Seltzer MM Krauss MW Shattuck PT Orsmond G Swe A Lord C The symptoms of autism spectrum disorders in adolescence and adulthoodJ Autism Dev Disord2003 33565581

     Not in our library10.1023/b:jadd.0000005995.02453.0b

142. 142.

     Niemi LT Suvisaari JM Tuulio-Henriksson A Lonnqvist JK Childhood developmental abnormalities in schizophrenia: evidence from high-risk studiesSchizophr Res2003 60239258

     Not in our library10.1016/s0920-9964(02)00234-7

143. 143.

     Henin A Biederman J Mick E Hirshfeld-Becker DR Sachs GS Wu Y Yan L Ogutha J Nierenberg AA Childhood antecedent disorders to bipolar disorder in adults: a controlled studyJ Affect Disord2007 995157

     Not in our library10.1016/j.jad.2006.09.001

144. 144.

     Caspi A Reichenberg A Weiser M Rabinowitz J Kaplan Z Knobler H Davidson-Sagi N Davidson M Cognitive performance in schizophrenia patients assessed before and following the first psychotic episodeSchizophr Res2003 658794

     Not in our library10.1016/s0920-9964(03)00056-2

145. 145.

     Kremen WS Vinogradov S Poole JH Schaefer CA Deicken RF Factor-Litvak P Brown AS Cognitive decline in schizophrenia from childhood to midlife: a 33-year longitudinal birth cohort studySchizophr Res2010 11815

     Not in our library10.1016/j.schres.2010.01.009

146. 146.

     Seidman LJ Biederman J Monuteaux MC Doyle AE Faraone SV Learning disabilities and executive dysfunction in boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderNeuropsychology2001 15544556

     Not in our library10.1037//0894-4105.15.4.544

147. 147.

     Clark L Iversen SD Goodwin GM Sustained attention deficit in bipolar disorderBr J Psychiatry2002 180313319

     Not in our library10.1192/bjp.180.4.313

148. 148.

     Fibiger HC Psychiatry, the pharmaceutical industry, and the road to better therapeuticsSchizophr Bull2012 38649650

     Not in our library10.1093/schbul/sbs073

149. 149.

     Ruderfer DM Fanous AH Ripke S McQuillin A Amdur RL Gejman PV O’Donovan MC Andreassen OA Djurovic S Hultman CM Kelsoe JR Jamain S Landén M Leboyer M Nimgaonkar V Nurnberger J Smoller JW Craddock N Corvin A Sullivan PF Holmans P Sklar P Kendler KS Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium; Bipolar Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium; Cross-Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics ConsortiumPolygenic dissection of diagnosis and clinical dimensions of bipolar disorder and schizophreniaMol Psychiatry2013 doi: 10.1038/mp.2013.138

     Not in our library10.1038/mp.2013.138

150. 150.

     Craddock N Jones L Jones IR Kirov G Green EK Grozeva D Moskvina V Nikolov I Hamshere ML Vukcevic D Caesar S Gordon-Smith K Fraser C Russell E Norton N Breen G St Clair D Collier DA Young AH Ferrier IN Farmer A McGuffin P Holmans PA Donnelly P Owen MJ O’Donovan MC Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC)Strong genetic evidence for a selective influence of GABAA receptors on a component of the bipolar disorder phenotypeMol Psychiatry2010 15146153

     Not in our library10.1038/mp.2008.66

Reads

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.