Clinical use of lactate monitoring in critically ill patients

Abstract

Increased blood lactate levels (hyperlactataemia) are common in critically ill patients. Although frequently used to diagnose inadequate tissue oxygenation, other processes not related to tissue oxygenation may increase lactate levels. Especially in critically ill patients, increased glycolysis may be an important cause of hyperlactataemia. Nevertheless, the presence of increased lactate levels has important implications for the morbidity and mortality of the hyperlactataemic patients. Although the term lactic acidosis is frequently used, a significant relationship between lactate and pH only exists at higher lactate levels. The term lactate associated acidosis is therefore more appropriate. Two recent studies have underscored the importance of monitoring lactate levels and adjust treatment to the change in lactate levels in early resuscitation. As lactate levels can be measured rapidly at the bedside from various sources, structured lactate measurements should be incorporated in resuscitation protocols.

Shown for reading. Its publisher allows quoting it, not republishing it.

References 74

1. 1.

   Kompanje EJ Jansen TC van der Hoven B Bakker J The first demonstration of lactic acid in human blood in shock by Johann Joseph Scherer (1814–1869) in January 1843Intensive Care Med2007 31119671971

   Not in our library10.1007/s00134-007-0788-7

2. 2.

   Araki T Ueber die Bildung von Milchsäure und Glycose im Organismus bei SauerstoffmangelZ Physiol Chem1891 3335370

   Not in our library

3. 3.

   Leverve XM Energy metabolism in critically ill patients: lactate is a major oxidizable substrateCurr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care1999 32165169

   Not in our library10.1097/00075197-199903000-00013

4. 4.

   Brooks GA Lactate shuttles in natureBiochem Soc Trans2002 32258264

   Not in our library

5. 5.

   Zilva JF The origin of the acidosis in hyperlactataemiaAnn Clin Biochem1978 314043

   Not in our library10.1177/000456327801500111

6. 6.

   Stewart PA Modern quantitative acid–base chemistryCan J Physiol Pharmacol1983 31214441461

   Not in our library10.1139/y83-207

7. 7.
   Lactate versus non-lactate metabolic acidosis: a retrospective outcome evaluation of critically ill patients · 2006

   No notice
8. 8.

   Fall PJ Szerlip HM Lactic acidosis: from sour milk to septic shockJ Intensive Care Med2005 35255271

   Not in our library10.1177/0885066605278644

9. 9.

   Cain SM Appearance of excess lactate in anesthetized dogs during anemic and hypoxic hypoxiaAm J Physiol1965 3604608

   Not in our library10.1152/ajplegacy.1965.209.3.604

10. 10.

    Zhang H Vincent JL Oxygen extraction is altered by endotoxin during tamponade-induced stagnant hypoxia in the dogCirc Shock J1 - CS1993 33168176

    Not in our library

11. 11.

    Bakker J Vincent J-L The oxygen supply dependency phenomenon is associated with increased blood lactate levelsJ Crit Care1991 3152159

    Not in our library10.1016/0883-9441(91)90006-f

12. 12.

    Ronco JJ Fenwick JC Tweeddale MG Wiggs BR Phang PT Cooper DJ Cunningham KF Russell JA Walley KR Identification of the critical oxygen delivery for anaerobic metabolism in critically ill septic and nonseptic humansJAMA1993 31417241730

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.1993.03510140084034

13. 13.

    Friedman G De Backer D Shahla M Vincent JL Oxygen supply dependency can characterize septic shockIntensive Care Med1998 32118123

    Not in our library10.1007/s001340050531

14. 14.

    De Backer D Creteur J Dubois MJ Sakr Y Koch M Verdant C Vincent JL The effects of dobutamine on microcirculatory alterations in patients with septic shock are independent of its systemic effectsCrit Care Med2006 32403408

    Not in our library10.1097/01.ccm.0000198107.61493.5a

15. 15.

    Leverve XM From tissue perfusion to metabolic marker: assessing organ competition and co-operation in critically ill patients?Intensive Care Med1999 39890892

    Not in our library10.1007/s001340050976

16. 16.

    Levy B Sadoune LO Gelot AM Bollaert PE Nabet P Larcan A Evolution of lactate/pyruvate and arterial ketone body ratios in the early course of catecholamine-treated septic shock [see comments]Crit Care Med2000 31114119

    Not in our library10.1097/00003246-200001000-00019

17. 17.

    Levy B Bollaert PE Charpentier C Nace L Audibert G Bauer P Nabet P Larcan A Comparison of norepinephrine and dobutamine to epinephrine for hemodynamics, lactate metabolism, and gastric tonometric variables in septic shock: a prospective, randomized studyIntensive Care Med1997 33282287

    Not in our library10.1007/s001340050329

18. 18.

    Weil MH Tang W Forty-five-year evolution of stat blood and plasma lactate measurement to guide critical careClin Chem2009 31120532054

    Not in our library10.1373/clinchem.2009.133553

19. 19.

    Griffith FR Jr Lockwood JE Emery FE Adrenalin lactacidemia: proportionality with doseAm J Physiol1939 33415421

    Not in our library

20. 20.

    Zborowska-Sluis DT Dossetor JB Hyperlactatemia of hyperventilationJ Appl Physiol J1 - JAP1967 34746755

    Not in our library10.1152/jappl.1967.22.4.746

21. 21.

    McMahon M Gerich J Rizza R Effects of glucocorticoids on carbohydrate metabolismDiabetes Metab Rev1988 311730

    Not in our library10.1002/dmr.5610040105

22. 22.

    Warburg O On respiratory impairment in cancer cellsScience1956 33215269270

    Not in our library

23. 23.

    Levy B Gibot S Franck P Cravoisy A Bollaert PE Relation between muscle Na+K+ ATPase activity and raised lactate concentrations in septic shock: a prospective studyLancet2005 39462871875

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(05)71045-x

24. 24.

    Levy B Desebbe O Montemont C Gibot S Increased aerobic glycolysis through beta-2 stimulation is a common mechanism involved in lactate formation during shock statesShock2008 34417421

    Not in our library10.1097/shk.0b013e318167378f

25. 25.

    Taylor DJ Faragher EB Evanson JM Inflammatory cytokines stimulate glucose uptake and glycolysis but reduce glucose oxidation in human dermal fibroblasts in vitroCirc Shock1992 32105110

    Not in our library

26. 26.

    McCarter FD Evans JA Luchette FA Friend LA James JH Davis K Frame SB Concurrent reduction of glycogenolysis, glycolysis, and Na(+)/K(+) pump activity after hemorrhagic shockCurr Surg2000 36639

    Not in our library10.1016/s0149-7944(00)00362-7

27. 27.

    Luchette FA Friend LA Brown CC Upputuri RK James JH Increased skeletal muscle Na+, K+-ATPase activity as a cause of increased lactate production after hemorrhagic shockJ Trauma1998 35796801discussion 801–793

    Not in our library10.1097/00005373-199805000-00010

28. 28.

    Haji-Michael PG Ladriere L Sener A Vincent JL Malaisse WJ Leukocyte glycolysis and lactate output in animal sepsis and ex vivo human bloodMetabolism1999 36779785

    Not in our library10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90179-8

29. 29.

    Brealey D Brand M Hargreaves I Heales S Land J Smolenski R Davies NA Cooper CE Singer M Association between mitochondrial dysfunction and severity and outcome of septic shockLancet2002 39328219223

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(02)09459-x

30. 30.

    Crouser ED Julian MW Blaho DV Pfeiffer DR Endotoxin-induced mitochondrial damage correlates with impaired respiratory activityCrit Care Med2002 32276284

    Not in our library10.1097/00003246-200202000-00002

31. 31.

    Didwania A Miller J Kassel D Jackson EVJ Chernow B Effect of intravenous lactated Ringer’s solution infusion on the circulating lactate concentration: Part 3. Results of a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trialCrit Care Med1997 31118511854

    Not in our library10.1097/00003246-199711000-00024

32. 32.

    Levraut J Ciebiera JP Jambou P Ichai C Labib Y Grimaud D Effect of continuous venovenous hemofiltration with dialysis on lactate clearance in critically ill patientsCrit Care Med1997 315862

    Not in our library10.1097/00003246-199701000-00013

33. 33.

    Cole L Bellomo R Baldwin I Hayhoe M Ronco C The impact of lactate-buffered high-volume hemofiltration on acid–base balanceIntensive Care Med2003 3711131120

    Not in our library10.1007/s00134-003-1812-1

34. 34.

    Bollmann MD Revelly JP Tappy L Berger MM Schaller MD Cayeux MC Martinez A Chiolero RL Effect of bicarbonate and lactate buffer on glucose and lactate metabolism during hemodiafiltration in patients with multiple organ failureIntensive Care Med2004 3611031110

    Not in our library10.1007/s00134-004-2251-3

35. 35.

    Lalau JD Lacroix C Compagnon P de Cagny B Rigaud JP Bleichner G Chauveau P Dulbecco P Guerin C Haegy JM Role of metformin accumulation in metformin-associated lactic acidosisDiabetes Care1995 36779784

    Not in our library10.2337/diacare.18.6.779

36. 36.

    Marinella MA Lactic acidosis associated with propofolChest1996 31292

    Not in our library10.1378/chest.109.1.292

37. 37.

    Lonergan JT Behling C Pfander H Hassanein TI Mathews WC Hyperlactatemia and hepatic abnormalities in 10 human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients receiving nucleoside analogue combination regimensClin Infect Dis2000 31162166

    Not in our library10.1086/313912

38. 38.

    Claessens YE Cariou A Monchi M Soufir L Azoulay E Rouges P Goldgran-Toledano D Branche F Dhainaut JF Detecting life-threatening lactic acidosis related to nucleoside-analog treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients, and treatment with L-carnitineCrit Care Med2003 3410421047

    Not in our library10.1097/01.ccm.0000053649.69377.08

39. 39.

    Naidoo DP Gathiram V Sadhabiriss A Hassen F Clinical diagnosis of cardiac beriberiS Afr Med J1990 33125127

    Not in our library

40. 40.

    Morgan TJ Clark C Clague A Artifactual elevation of measured plasma L-lactate concentration in the presence of glycolateCrit Care Med1999 31021772179

    Not in our library10.1097/00003246-199910000-00017

41. 41.

    Brindley PG Butler MS Cembrowski G Brindley DN Falsely elevated point-of-care lactate measurement after ingestion of ethylene glycolCMAJ2007 3810971099

    Not in our library10.1503/cmaj.061288

42. 42.

    Leverve XM Boon C Hakim T Anwar M Siregar E Mustafa I Half-molar sodium-lactate solution has a beneficial effect in patients after coronary artery bypass graftingIntensive Care Med2008 31017961803

    Not in our library10.1007/s00134-008-1165-x

43. 43.

    Almenoff PL Leavy J Weil MH Goldberg NB Vega D Rackow EC Prolongation of the half-life of lactate after maximal exercise in patients with hepatic dysfunctionCrit Care Med1989 39870873

    Not in our library10.1097/00003246-198909000-00004

44. 44.

    Mustafa I Roth H Hanafiah A Hakim T Anwar M Siregar E Leverve XM Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass on lactate metabolismIntensive Care Med2003 3812791285

    Not in our library10.1007/s00134-003-1860-6

45. 45.

    Vary TC Sepsis-induced alterations in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex activity in rat skeletal muscle: effects on plasma lactateShock1996 328994

    Not in our library10.1097/00024382-199608000-00002

46. 46.

    Stacpoole PW Wright EC Baumgartner TG Bersin RM Buchalter S Curry SH Duncan CA Harman EM Henderson GN Jenkinson S A controlled clinical trial of dichloroacetate for treatment of lactic acidosis in adults. The Dichloroacetate-Lactic Acidosis Study GroupN Engl J Med1992 32215641569

    Not in our library10.1056/nejm199211263272204

47. 47.

    Aduen J Bernstein WK Khastgir T Miller J Kerzner R Bhatiani A Lustgarten J Bassin AS Davison L Chernow B The use and clinical importance of a substrate-specific electrode for rapid determination of blood lactate concentrationsJAMA1994 32116781685

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.1994.03520210062033

48. 48.

    Brinkert W Rommes JH Bakker J Lactate measurements in critically ill patients with a hand-held analyserIntensive Care Med1999 39966969

    Not in our library10.1007/s001340050990

49. 49.

    Weil MH Michaels S Rackow EC Comparison of blood lactate concentrations in central venous, pulmonary artery, and arterial bloodCrit Care Med1987 35489490

    Not in our library

50. 50.

    Younger JG Falk JL Rothrock SG Relationship between arterial and peripheral venous lactate levelsAcad Emerg Med1996 37730734

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1553-2712.1996.tb03502.x

51. 51.

    Fauchere JC Bauschatz AS Arlettaz R Zimmermann-Bar U Bucher HU Agreement between capillary and arterial lactate in the newbornActa Paediatr2002 317881

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1651-2227.2002.tb01645.x

52. 52.

    Noordally O Vincent JL Evaluation of a new, rapid lactate analyzer in critical careIntensive Care Med1999 35508513

    Not in our library10.1007/s001340050889

53. 53.

    Astles R Williams CP Sedor F Stability of plasma lactate in vitro in the presence of antiglycolytic agentsClin Chem1994 37 Pt 113271330

    Not in our library

54. 54.

    Andersen O Haugaard SB Jorgensen LT Sorensen S Nielsen JO Madsbad S Iversen J Preanalytical handling of samples for measurement of plasma lactate in HIV patientsScand J Clin Lab Invest2003 36449454

    Not in our library10.1080/00365510310005128

55. 55.

    Jansen TC van Bommel J Bakker J Blood lactate monitoring in critically ill patients: a systematic health technology assessmentCrit Care Med2009 31028272839

    Not in our library10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181a98899

56. 56.

    Bakker J Gris P Coffernils M Kahn RJ Vincent JL Serial blood lactate levels can predict the development of multiple organ failure following septic shockAm J Surg1996 32221226

    Not in our library10.1016/s0002-9610(97)89552-9

57. 57.

    Jansen TC van Bommel J Woodward R Mulder PG Bakker J Association between blood lactate levels, sequential organ failure assessment subscores, and 28-day mortality during early and late intensive care unit stay: a retrospective observational studyCrit Care Med2009 3823692374

    Not in our library10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181a0f919

58. 58.
    The prognostic value of blood lactate levels relative to that of vital signs in the pre-hospital setting: a pilot study · 2008

    No notice
59. 59.

    Bakker J Coffernils M Leon M Gris P Vincent J-L Blood lactate levels are superior to oxygen-derived variables in predicting outcome in human septic shockChest1991 34956962

    Not in our library10.1378/chest.99.4.956

60. 60.

    Howell M Donnino M Clardy P Talmor D Shapiro N Occult hypoperfusion and mortality in patients with suspected infectionIntensive Care Med2007 31118921899

    Not in our library10.1007/s00134-007-0680-5

61. 61.

    Shapiro NI Howell MD Talmor D Nathanson LA Lisbon A Wolfe RE Weiss JW Serum lactate as a predictor of mortality in emergency department patients with infectionAnn Emerg Med2005 35524528

    Not in our library10.1016/j.annemergmed.2004.12.006

62. 62.

    Hernandez G Bruhn A Castro R Regueira T The holistic view on perfusion monitoring in septic shockCurr Opin Crit Care2012 33280286

    Not in our library10.1097/mcc.0b013e3283532c08

63. 63.

    Vincent JL Ince C Bakker J Clinical review: circulatory shock - an update: a tribute to Professor Max Harry WeilCrit Care2012 36239

    Not in our library10.1186/cc11510

64. 64.

    Polonen P Ruokonen E Hippelainen M Poyhonen M Takala J A prospective, randomized study of goal-oriented hemodynamic therapy in cardiac surgical patientsAnesth Analg2000 3510521059

    Not in our library10.1097/00000539-200005000-00010

65. 65.

    Jones AE Shapiro NI Trzeciak S Arnold RC Claremont HA Kline JA Lactate clearance vs central venous oxygen saturation as goals of early sepsis therapy: a randomized clinical trialJAMA2010 38739746

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.2010.158

66. 66.

    Jansen TC van Bommel J Schoonderbeek FJ Sleeswijk Visser SJ van der Klooster JM Lima AP Willemsen SP Bakker J Early lactate-guided therapy in intensive care unit patients: a multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trialAm J Respir Crit Care Med2010 36752761

    Not in our library10.1164/rccm.200912-1918oc

67. 67.

    James JH Luchette FA McCarter FD Fischer JE Lactate is an unreliable indicator of tissue hypoxia in injury or sepsisLancet1999 39177505508

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(98)91132-1

68. 68.

    Vincent JL Dufaye P Berre J Leeman M Degaute JP Kahn RJ Serial lactate determinations during circulatory shockCrit Care Med1983 36449451

    Not in our library10.1097/00003246-198306000-00012

69. 69.

    Lewis RJ Disassembling goal-directed therapy for sepsis: a first stepJAMA2010 38777779

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.2010.203

70. 70.

    Zhang H Spapen H Benlabed M Vincent JL Systemic oxygen extraction can be improved during repeated episodes of cardiac tamponadeJ Crit Care1993 329399

    Not in our library10.1016/0883-9441(93)90013-b

71. 71.

    Spronk PE Ince C Gardien MJ Mathura KR Oudemans-van Straaten HM Zandstra DF Nitroglycerin in septic shock after intravascular volume resuscitationLancet2002 3934313951396

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(02)11393-6

72. 72.

    Lima A van Genderen M Van Bommel J Bakker J Nitroglycerine dose-dependent improves peripheral perfusion in patients with circulatory shock: results of a prospective cross-over studyIntensive Care Med2012 3Suppl 1S127

    Not in our library

73. 73.

    Boerma EC Koopmans M Konijn A Kaiferova K Bakker AJ van Roon EN Buter H Bruins N Egbers PH Gerritsen RT Effects of nitroglycerin on sublingual microcirculatory blood flow in patients with severe sepsis/septic shock after a strict resuscitation protocol: a double-blind randomized placebo controlled trialCrit Care Med2010 3193100

    Not in our library10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181b02fc1

74. 74.

    Rivers E Nguyen B Havstad S Ressler J Muzzin A Knoblich B Peterson E Tomlanovich M Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shockN Engl J Med2001 31913681377

    Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa010307

Cited by papers we hold 3

• Tissue oxygen saturation changes and postoperative complications in cardiac surgery: a prospective observational study · 2019
  Not checked
• A metabolic profile of all-cause mortality risk identified in an observational study of 44,168 individuals · 2019
  No notice
• Hemodynamic consequences of severe lactic acidosis in shock states: from bench to bedside · 2015
  Corrected

Reads

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.