Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells

Results published in the late 50's and early 60's marked the beginning of the stem cell era. Seminal contributions was made by Ford et al. in 1956 and Till and McCulloch in 1961, demonstrating that lethally irradiated mice could be rescued with cells from freshly isolated bone marrow (10) and that BM cells formed spleen clonies (CFU-S) following transplantation to irradiated recipients (30), respectively. There is no uniform definition of stem cells, but they are characterized by being i) undifferentiated, ii) having the potential to produce specialized differentiated cells for a long period of time, and iii) postulated to be capable of maintaining or expanding the number of stem cells

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