Skip to content
naulon

Corrected on Mar 21, 2017.

Source: the publisher, via Crossref · checked Oct 16, 2026 · Read the notice (opens in a new tab)

2016 AHA/ACC Guideline on the Management of Patients With Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Marie D. Gerhard-Herman, Heather L. Gornik, Coletta Barrett and 18 more (opens in a new tab)

Circulation · 2017

doi:10.1161/cir.0000000000000470 (opens in a new tab)

Abstract

limb salvage ◼ smoking cessation AHA/ACC GUIDELINE ACC/AHA Task Force Members, see page e707 *Writing committee members are required to recuse themselves from voting on sections to which their specific relationships with industry and other entities may apply; see Appendix 1 for recusal information.†Functioning as the lay volunteer/patient representative.‡ACC/AHA Representative.

Shown for reading. Its publisher allows quoting it, not republishing it.

References 324

  1. 1.

    Clinical Practice Guidelines We Can Trust. 2011.

    Not in our library

  2. 2.

    Eden J. Finding What Works in Health Care: Standards for Systematic Reviews. 2011.

    Not in our library

  3. 3.

    Methodology Manual and Policies From the ACCF/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines. 2010.

    Not in our library

  4. 4.

    Halperin JL, Levine GN, Al-Khatib SM, et al. Further evolution of the ACC/AHA clinical practice guideline recommendation classification system: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2016;133:1426-28.

    Not in our library10.1161/cir.0000000000000312 (opens in a new tab)

  5. 5.

    Jacobs AK, Kushner FG, Ettinger SM, et al. ACCF/AHA clinical practice guideline methodology summit report: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013;127:268-310.

    Not in our library10.1161/cir.0b013e31827e8e5f (opens in a new tab)

  6. 6.

    Jacobs AK, Anderson JL, Halperin JL. The evolution and future of ACC/AHA clinical practice guidelines: a 30-year journey: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;130:1208-17-1373-84.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.001 (opens in a new tab)

  7. 7.

    Anderson JL, Heidenreich PA, Barnett PG, et al. ACC/AHA statement on cost/value methodology in clinical practice guidelines and performance measures: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Performance Measures and Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2014;130:1662-7.

    Not in our library

  8. 8.

    Arnett DK, Goodman RA, Halperin JL, et al. AHA/ACC/HHS strategies to enhance application of clinical practice guidelines in patients with cardiovascular disease and comorbid conditions: from the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Circulation. 2014;130:1662-7.

    Not in our library10.1161/cir.0000000000000128 (opens in a new tab)

  9. 9.
  10. 10.

    Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, et al. ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): executive summary: a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease). Circulation. 2006;113:e463-654.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.106.174526 (opens in a new tab)

  11. 11.

    Rooke TW, Hirsch AT, Misra S, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA focused update of the guideline for the management of patients with peripheral artery disease (updating the 2005 guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2011;124:2020-45.

    Not in our library10.1161/cir.0b013e31822e80c3 (opens in a new tab)

  12. 12.

    Jones WS, Schmit KM, Vemulapalli S, et al. Treatment Strategies for Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease. Comparative Effectiveness Review No 118 The Duke Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No 290-2007-10066-I. 2013.

    Not in our library

  13. 13.

    Vemulapalli S, Dolor RJ, Hasselblad V, et al. Comparative effectiveness of medical therapy, supervised exercise, and revascularization for patients with intermittent claudication: a network metaanalysis. Clin Cardiol. 2015;38:378-86.

    Not in our library10.1002/clc.22406 (opens in a new tab)

  14. 14.

    Schmit K, Dolor RJ, Jones WS, et al. Comparative effectiveness review of antiplatelet agents in peripheral artery disease. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e001330.

    Not in our library10.1161/jaha.113.001330 (opens in a new tab)

  15. 15.

    Jones WS, Dolor RJ, Hasselblad V, et al. Comparative effectiveness of endovascular and surgical revascularization for patients with peripheral artery disease and critical limb ischemia: systematic review of revascularization in critical limb ischemia. Am Heart J. 2014;167:489-98.e7.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ahj.2013.12.012 (opens in a new tab)

  16. 16.

    Menard MT, Farber A. The BEST-CLI trial: a multidisciplinary effort to assess whether surgical or endovascular therapy is better for patients with critical limb ischemia. Semin Vasc Surg. 2014;27:82-4.

    Not in our library10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2015.01.003 (opens in a new tab)

  17. 17.
  18. 18.

    Menard MT, Farber A, Assmann SF, et al. Design and rationale of the Best Endovascular Versus Best Surgical Therapy for Patients With Critical Limb Ischemia (BEST-CLI) Trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5:e003219.

    Not in our library10.1161/jaha.116.003219 (opens in a new tab)

  19. 19.

    Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2016 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133:e38-e360.

    Not in our library10.1161/cir.0000000000000350 (opens in a new tab)

  20. 20.

    Fowkes FG, Rudan D, Rudan I, et al. Comparison of global estimates of prevalence and risk factors for peripheral artery disease in 2000 and 2010: a systematic review and analysis. Lancet. 2013;382:1329-40.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(13)61249-0 (opens in a new tab)

  21. 21.

    Creager MA, Belkin M, Bluth EI, et al. 2012 ACCF/AHA/ACR/ SCAI/SIR/STS/SVM/SVN/SVS key data elements and definitions for peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Data Standards (Writing Committee to develop Clinical Data Standards for Peripheral Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease). Circulation. 2012;125:395-467.

    Not in our library10.1161/cir.0b013e31823299a1 (opens in a new tab)

  22. 22.

    Rutherford RB, Baker JD, Ernst C, et al. Recommended standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia: revised version. J Vasc Surg. 1997;26:517-38.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0741-5214(97)70045-4 (opens in a new tab)

  23. 23.

    Norgren L, Hiatt WR, Dormandy JA, et al. Inter-society consensus for the management of peripheral arterial disease (TASC II). Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;33(1):S1-75.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.09.024 (opens in a new tab)

  24. 24.

    Fakhry F, Rouwet EV, den Hoed PT, et al. Long-term clinical effectiveness of supervised exercise therapy versus endovascular revascularization for intermittent claudication from a randomized clinical trial. Br J Surg. 2013;100:1164-71.

    Not in our library10.1002/bjs.9207 (opens in a new tab)

  25. 25.

    Murphy TP, Cutlip DE, Regensteiner JG, et al. Supervised exercise versus primary stenting for claudication resulting from aortoiliac peripheral artery disease: six-month outcomes from the claudication: exercise versus endoluminal revascularization (CLEVER) study. Circulation. 2012;125:130-39.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.111.075770 (opens in a new tab)

  26. 26.

    Murphy TP, Cutlip DE, Regensteiner JG, et al. Supervised exercise, stent revascularization, or medical therapy for claudication due to aortoiliac peripheral artery disease: the CLEVER study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;65:999-1009.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jacc.2014.12.043 (opens in a new tab)

  27. 27.

    Treat-Jacobson D, Bronas UG, Leon AS. Efficacy of arm-ergometry versus treadmill exercise training to improve walking distance in patients with claudication. Vasc Med. 2009;14:203-13.

    Not in our library10.1177/1358863x08101858 (opens in a new tab)

  28. 28.

    Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG, Hargarten ME, et al. Benefit of exercise conditioning for patients with peripheral arterial disease. Circulation. 1990;81:602-9.

    Not in our library10.1161/01.cir.81.2.602 (opens in a new tab)

  29. 29.

    Parmenter BJ, Dieberg G, Smart NA. Exercise training for management of peripheral arterial disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Med. 2015;45:231-44.

    Not in our library10.1007/s40279-014-0261-z (opens in a new tab)

  30. 30.

    Parmenter BJ, Dieberg G, Phipps G, et al. Exercise training for health-related quality of life in peripheral artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Vasc Med. 2015;20:30-40.

    Not in our library10.1177/1358863x14559092 (opens in a new tab)

  31. 31.

    Pilz M, Kandioler-Honetz E, Wenkstetten-Holub A, et al. Evaluation of 6- and 12-month supervised exercise training on strength and endurance parameters in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2014;126:383-9.

    Not in our library10.1007/s00508-014-0548-y (opens in a new tab)

  32. 32.

    Regensteiner JG, Steiner JF, Hiatt WR. Exercise training improves functional status in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 1996;23:104-15.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0741-5214(05)80040-0 (opens in a new tab)

  33. 33.

    Regensteiner JG. Exercise in the treatment of claudication: assessment and treatment of functional impairment. Vasc Med. 1997;2:238-42.

    Not in our library10.1177/1358863x9700200313 (opens in a new tab)

  34. 34.

    Stewart KJ, Hiatt WR, Regensteiner JG, et al. Exercise training for claudication. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1941-51.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejmra021135 (opens in a new tab)

  35. 35.

    Collins TC, Lunos S, Carlson T, et al. Effects of a home-based walking intervention on mobility and quality of life in people with diabetes and peripheral arterial disease: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2011;34:2174-9.

    Not in our library10.2337/dc10-2399 (opens in a new tab)

  36. 36.

    Fakhry F, Spronk S, de Ridder M, et al. Long-term effects of structured home-based exercise program on functional capacity and quality of life in patients with intermittent claudication. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92:1066-73.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.apmr.2011.02.007 (opens in a new tab)

  37. 37.

    Gardner AW, Parker DE, Montgomery PS, et al. Step-monitored home exercise improves ambulation, vascular function, and inflammation in symptomatic patients with peripheral artery disease: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e001107.

    Not in our library10.1161/jaha.114.001107 (opens in a new tab)

  38. 38.

    Mays RJ, Rogers RK, Hiatt WR, et al. Community walking programs for treatment of peripheral artery disease. J Vasc Surg. 2013;58:1678-87.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2013.08.034 (opens in a new tab)

  39. 39.

    McDermott MM, Domanchuk K, Liu K, et al. The Group Oriented Arterial Leg Study (GOALS) to improve walking performance in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Contemp Clin Trials. 2012;33:1311-20.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.cct.2012.08.001 (opens in a new tab)

  40. 40.

    McDermott MM, Mehta S. Greenland PExertional leg symptoms other than intermittent claudication are common in peripheral arterial disease. Arch Intern Med. 1999;159:387-92.

    Not in our library10.1001/archinte.159.4.387 (opens in a new tab)

  41. 41.

    Hirsch AT, Criqui MH, Treat-Jacobson D, et al. Peripheral arterial disease detection, awareness, and treatment in primary care. JAMA. 2001;286:1317-24.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.286.11.1317 (opens in a new tab)

  42. 42.

    McDermott MM, Greenland P, Liu K, et al. Leg symptoms in peripheral arterial disease: associated clinical characteristics and functional impairment. JAMA. 2001;286:1599-606.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.286.13.1599 (opens in a new tab)

  43. 43.

    Clark CE, Taylor RS, Shore AC, et al. Association of a difference in systolic blood pressure between arms with vascular disease and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2012;379:905-14.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(11)61710-8 (opens in a new tab)

  44. 44.

    Singh S, Sethi A, Singh M, et al. Simultaneously measured inter-arm and inter-leg systolic blood pressure differences and cardiovascular risk stratification: a systemic review and meta-analysis. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2015;9:640-650.e12.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jash.2015.05.013 (opens in a new tab)

  45. 45.

    Shadman R, Criqui MH, Bundens WP, et al. Subclavian artery stenosis: prevalence, risk factors, and association with cardiovascular diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:618-23.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jacc.2004.04.044 (opens in a new tab)

  46. 46.

    Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Abraham P, et al. Measurement and interpretation of the ankle-brachial index: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2012;126:2890-909.

    Not in our library10.1161/cir.0b013e318276fbcb (opens in a new tab)

  47. 47.

    Rose GA. The diagnosis of ischaemic heart pain and intermittent claudication in field surveys. Bull World Health Organ. 1962;27:645-58.

    Not in our library

  48. 48.

    Khan NA, Rahim SA, Anand SS, et al. Does the clinical examination predict lower extremity peripheral arterial disease? JAMA. 2006;295:536-46.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.295.5.536 (opens in a new tab)

  49. 49.

    Criqui MH, Denenberg JO, Bird CE, et al. The correlation between symptoms and non-invasive test results in patients referred for peripheral arterial disease testing. Vasc Med. 1996;1:65-71.

    Not in our library10.1177/1358863x9600100112 (opens in a new tab)

  50. 50.

    Armstrong DWJ, Tobin C, Matangi MF. The accuracy of the physical examination for the detection of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease. Can J Cardiol. 2010;26:e346-50.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0828-282x(10)70467-0 (opens in a new tab)

  51. 51.

    Cournot M, Boccalon H, Cambou JP, et al. Accuracy of the screening physical examination to identify subclinical atherosclerosis and peripheral arterial disease in asymptomatic subjects. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46:1215-21.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2007.08.022 (opens in a new tab)

  52. 52.

    Wassel CL, Loomba R, Ix JH, et al. Family history of peripheral artery disease is associated with prevalence and severity of peripheral artery disease: the San Diego Population Study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:1386-92.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jacc.2011.06.023 (opens in a new tab)

  53. 53.

    Eslahpazir BA, Allemang MT, Lakin RO, et al. Pulse volume recording does not enhance segmental pressure readings for peripheral arterial disease stratification. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014;28:18-27.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.avsg.2013.06.015 (opens in a new tab)

  54. 54.

    Raines JK, Darling RC, Buth J, et al. Vascular laboratory criteria for the management of peripheral vascular disease of the lower extremities. Surgery. 1976;79:21-9.

    Not in our library

  55. 55.

    Mahe G, Pollak AW, Liedl DA, et al. Discordant diagnosis of lower extremity peripheral artery disease using American Heart Association postexercise guidelines. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94:e1277.

    Not in our library10.1097/md.0000000000001277 (opens in a new tab)

  56. 56.

    Nicolaï SP, Viechtbauer W, Kruidenier LM, et al. Reliability of treadmill testing in peripheral arterial disease: a meta-regression analysis. J Vasc Surg. 2009;50:322-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2009.01.042 (opens in a new tab)

  57. 57.

    Stein R, Hriljac I, Halperin JL, et al. Limitation of the resting anklebrachial index in symptomatic patients with peripheral arterial disease. Vasc Med. 2006;11:29-33.

    Not in our library10.1191/1358863x06vm663oa (opens in a new tab)

  58. 58.

    Laing SP, Greenhalgh RM. Standard exercise test to assess peripheral arterial disease. Br Med J. 1980;280:13-6.

    Not in our library10.1136/bmj.280.6206.13 (opens in a new tab)

  59. 59.

    Sumner DS. Strandness DE The relationship between calf blood flow and ankle blood pressure in patients with intermittent claudication. Surgery. 1969;65:763-71.

    Not in our library

  60. 60.

    Schröder F, Diehm N, Kareem S, et al. A modified calculation of ankle-brachial pressure index is far more sensitive in the detection of peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:531-6.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2006.05.016 (opens in a new tab)

  61. 61.

    Premalatha G, Ravikumar R, Sanjay R, et al. Comparison of colour duplex ultrasound and ankle-brachial pressure index measurements in peripheral vascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients with foot infections. J Assoc Physicians India. 2002;50:1240-4.

    Not in our library

  62. 62.

    Allen J, Oates CP, Henderson J, et al. Comparison of lower limb arterial assessments using color-duplex ultrasound and ankle/brachial pressure index measurements. Angiology. 1996;47:225-32.

    Not in our library10.1177/000331979604700302 (opens in a new tab)

  63. 63.

    Lijmer JG, Hunink MG, van den Dungen JJ, et al. ROC analysis of noninvasive tests for peripheral arterial disease. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1996;22:391-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/0301-5629(96)00036-1 (opens in a new tab)

  64. 64.

    Guo X, Li J, Pang W, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of ankle-brachial index for detecting angiographic stenosis of peripheral arteries. Circ J. 2008;72:605-10.

    Not in our library10.1253/circj.72.605 (opens in a new tab)

  65. 65.

    Niazi K, Khan TH, Easley KA. Diagnostic utility of the two methods of ankle brachial index in the detection of peripheral arterial disease of lower extremities. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2006;68:788-92.

    Not in our library10.1002/ccd.20906 (opens in a new tab)

  66. 66.

    Aboyans V, Ho E, Denenberg JO, et al. The association between elevated ankle systolic pressures and peripheral occlusive arterial disease in diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48:1197-203.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2008.06.005 (opens in a new tab)

  67. 67.
  68. 68.

    Fowkes FG, Price JF, Stewart MC, et al. Aspirin for prevention of cardiovascular events in a general population screened for a low ankle brachial index: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010;303:841-8.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.2010.221 (opens in a new tab)

  69. 69.

    Alahdab F, Wang AT, Elraiyah TA, et al. A systematic review for the screening for peripheral arterial disease in asymptomatic patients. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61:42S-53S.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2014.12.008 (opens in a new tab)

  70. 70.

    Lin JS, Olson CM, Johnson ES, et al. The ankle-brachial index for peripheral artery disease screening and cardiovascular disease prediction among asymptomatic adults: a systematic evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern med. 2013;333-41.

    Not in our library10.7326/0003-4819-159-5-201309030-00007 (opens in a new tab)

  71. 71.

    Diehm C, Allenberg JR, Pittrow D, et al. Mortality and vascular morbidity in older adults with asymptomatic versus symptomatic peripheral artery disease. Circulation. 2009;120:2053-61.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.109.865600 (opens in a new tab)

  72. 72.

    Fowkes FG, Murray GD, Butcher I, et al. Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2008;300:197-208.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.300.2.197 (opens in a new tab)

  73. 73.

    Ratanakorn D, Keandoungchun J, Tegeler CH. Prevalence and association between risk factors, stroke subtypes, and abnormal ankle brachial index in acute ischemic stroke. J Stroke Cerebro-vasc Dis. 2012;21:498-503.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2010.11.011 (opens in a new tab)

  74. 74.

    Sen S, Lynch DR, Kaltsas E, et al. Association of asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease with vascular events in patients with stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke. 2009;40:3472-7.

    Not in our library10.1161/strokeaha.109.559278 (opens in a new tab)

  75. 75.

    Bundó M, Mufioz L, Pérez C, et al. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in type 2 diabetes patients: a 10-year follow-up study of the utility of the ankle brachial index as a prognostic marker of cardiovascular disease. Ann Vasc Surg. 2010;24:985-93.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.avsg.2010.06.001 (opens in a new tab)

  76. 76.

    Bouisset F, Bongard V, Ruidavets JB, et al. Prognostic usefulness of clinical and subclinical peripheral arterial disease in men with stable coronary heart disease. Am J Cardiol. 2012;110:197-202.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.03.013 (opens in a new tab)

  77. 77.

    Hiramoto JS, Katz R, Ix JH, et al. Sex differences in the prevalence and clinical outcomes of subclinical peripheral artery disease in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (Health ABC) study. Vascular. 2014;22:142-8.

    Not in our library10.1177/1708538113476023 (opens in a new tab)

  78. 78.

    Jiménez M, Dorado L, Hernández-Pérez M, et al. Ankle-brachial index in screening for asymptomatic carotid and intracranial atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2014;233:72-5.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.12.021 (opens in a new tab)

  79. 79.

    Tsivgoulis G, Bogiatzi C, Heliopoulos I, et al. Low ankle-brachial index predicts early risk of recurrent stroke in patients with acute cerebral ischemia. Atherosclerosis. 2012;220:407-12.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.11.009 (opens in a new tab)

  80. 80.

    McDermott MM, Liu K, Guralnik JM, et al. Home-based walking exercise intervention in peripheral artery disease: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310:57-65.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.2013.7231 (opens in a new tab)

  81. 81.

    McDermott MM, Fried L, Simonsick E, et al. Asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease is independently associated with impaired lower extremity functioning: the Women's Health and Aging Study. Circulation. 2000;101:1007-12.

    Not in our library10.1161/01.cir.101.9.1007 (opens in a new tab)

  82. 82.

    McDermott MM, Applegate WB, Bonds DE, et al. Ankle brachial index values, leg symptoms, and functional performance among community-dwelling older men and women in the Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2013;2:e000257.

    Not in our library10.1161/jaha.113.000257 (opens in a new tab)

  83. 83.

    McDermott MM, Liu K, Greenland P, et al. Functional decline in peripheral arterial disease: associations with the ankle brachial index and leg symptoms. JAMA. 2004;292:453-61.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.292.4.453 (opens in a new tab)

  84. 84.

    McDermott MM, Ferrucci L, Liu K, et al. Leg symptom categories and rates of mobility decline in peripheral arterial disease. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2010;58:1256-62.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.02941.x (opens in a new tab)

  85. 85.

    McDermott MM, Liu K, Ferrucci L, et al. Physical performance in peripheral arterial disease: a slower rate of decline in patients who walk more. Ann Intern Med. 2006;144:10-20.

    Not in our library10.7326/0003-4819-144-1-200601030-00005 (opens in a new tab)

  86. 86.

    McDermott MM, Guralnik JM, Criqui MH, et al. Home-based walking exercise in peripheral artery disease: 12-month follow-up of the GOALS randomized trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e000711.

    Not in our library10.1161/jaha.113.000711 (opens in a new tab)

  87. 87.

    Selvin E, Erlinger TP. Prevalence of and risk factors for peripheral arterial disease in the United States: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999–2000. Circulation. 2004;110:738-43.

    Not in our library10.1161/01.cir.0000137913.26087.f0 (opens in a new tab)

  88. 88.

    Ramos R, Garcfa-Gil M, Comas-Cufí M, et al. Statins for prevention of cardiovascular events in a low-risk population with low ankle brachial index. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:630-40.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jacc.2015.11.052 (opens in a new tab)

  89. 89.

    Fowkes FG, Murray GD, Butcher I, et al. Development and validation of an ankle brachial index risk model for the prediction of cardiovascular events. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2014;21:310-20.

    Not in our library10.1177/2047487313516564 (opens in a new tab)

  90. 90.

    Criqui MH, Vargas V, Denenberg JO, et al. Ethnicity and peripheral arterial disease: the San Diego Population Study. Circulation. 2005;112:2703-7.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.105.546507 (opens in a new tab)

  91. 91.

    Carter SA, Tate RB. Value of toe pulse waves in addition to systolic pressures in the assessment of the severity of peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 1996;24:258-65.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0741-5214(96)70101-5 (opens in a new tab)

  92. 92.

    Ramsey DE, Manke DA, Sumner DS. Toe blood pressure. A valuable adjunct to ankle pressure measurement for assessing peripheral arterial disease. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1983;24:43-8.

    Not in our library

  93. 93.

    Vincent DG, Salles-Cunha SX, Bernhard VM, et al. Noninvasive assessment of toe systolic pressures with special reference to diabetes mellitus. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1983;24:22-8.

    Not in our library

  94. 94.

    Carter SA. Clinical measurement of systolic pressures in limbs with arterial occlusive disease. JAMA. 1969;207:1869-74.

    Not in our library

  95. 95.

    Biotteau E, Mahe G, Rousseau P, et al. Transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements in diabetic and non-diabetic patients clinically suspected of severe limb ischemia: a matched paired retrospective analysis. Int Angiol. 2009;28:479-83.

    Not in our library

  96. 96.

    Yamada T, Ohta T, Ishibashi H, et al. Clinical reliability and utility of skin perfusion pressure measurement in ischemic limbs—comparison with other noninvasive diagnostic methods. J Vasc Surg. 2008;47:318-23.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2007.10.045 (opens in a new tab)

  97. 97.

    Castronuovo JJ, Adera HM, Smiell JM, et al. Skin perfusion pressure measurement is valuable in the diagnosis of critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 1997;26:629-37.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0741-5214(97)70062-4 (opens in a new tab)

  98. 98.

    Bunte MC, Jacob J, Nudelman B, et al. Validation of the relationship between ankle-brachial and toe-brachial indices and infra-genicular arterial patency in critical limb ischemia. Vasc Med. 2015;20:23-9.

    Not in our library10.1177/1358863x14565372 (opens in a new tab)

  99. 99.

    Shishehbor MH, Hammad TA, Zeller T, et al. An analysis of IN.PACT DEEP randomized trial on the limitations of the societal guidelines-recommended hemodynamic parameters to diagnose critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2016;63:1311-7.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2015.11.042 (opens in a new tab)

  100. 100.

    Burbelko M, Augsten M, Kalinowski MO, et al. Comparison of contrast-enhanced multi-station MR angiography and digital subtraction angiography of the lower extremity arterial disease. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2013;37:1427-35.

    Not in our library10.1002/jmri.23944 (opens in a new tab)

  101. 101.

    Shareghi S, Gopal A, Gul K, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of 64 multidetector computed tomographic angiography in peripheral vascular disease. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;75:23-31.

    Not in our library10.1002/ccd.22228 (opens in a new tab)

  102. 102.

    Ota H, Takase K, Igarashi K, et al. MDCT compared with digital subtraction angiography for assessment of lower extremity arterial occlusive disease: importance of reviewing cross-sectional images. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;182:201-9.

    Not in our library10.2214/ajr.182.1.1820201 (opens in a new tab)

  103. 103.

    de Vries SO, Hunink MG, Polak JF. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves as a technique for meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of duplex ultrasonography in peripheral arterial disease. Acad Radiol. 1996;3:361-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/s1076-6332(96)80257-1 (opens in a new tab)

  104. 104.
  105. 105.

    Stacul F, van der Molen AJ, Reimer P, et al. Contrast induced nephropathy: updated ESUR Contrast Media Safety Committee guidelines. Eur Radiol. 2011;21:2527-41.

    Not in our library10.1007/s00330-011-2225-0 (opens in a new tab)

  106. 106.

    McCullough PA, Capasso P. Patient discomfort associated with the use of intra-arterial iodinated contrast media: a meta-analysis of comparative randomized controlled trials. BMC Med Imaging. 2011;11:12.

    Not in our library10.1186/1471-2342-11-12 (opens in a new tab)

  107. 107.

    Giugliano G, Laurenzano E, Rengo C, et al. Abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients affected by intermittent claudication: prevalence and clinical predictors. BMC Surg. 2012;12(1):S17.

    Not in our library10.1186/1471-2482-12-s1-s17 (opens in a new tab)

  108. 108.

    Barba A, Estallo L, Rodríguez L, et al. Detection of abdominal aortic aneurysm in patients with peripheral artery disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2005;30:504-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.05.011 (opens in a new tab)

  109. 109.

    Kurvers HA, van der Graaf Y, Blankensteijn JD, et al. Screening for asymptomatic internal carotid artery stenosis and aneurysm of the abdominal aorta: comparing the yield between patients with manifest atherosclerosis and patients with risk factors for atherosclerosis only. J Vasc Surg. 2003;37:1226-33.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0741-5214(02)75140-9 (opens in a new tab)

  110. 110.

    Lee JY, Lee SW, Lee WS, et al. Prevalence and clinical implications of newly revealed, asymptomatic abnormal ankle-brachial index in patients with significant coronary artery disease. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:1303-13.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jcin.2013.08.008 (opens in a new tab)

  111. 111.

    McFalls EO, Ward HB, Moritz TE, et al. Coronary-artery revascularization before elective major vascular surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2795-804.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa041905 (opens in a new tab)

  112. 112.

    Sultan S, Chua BY, Hamada N, et al. Preoperative vascular screening in the presence of aortic, carotid and peripheral pathology for patients undergoing their first arterial intervention: 18 month follow-up. Int Angiol. 2013;32:281-90.

    Not in our library

  113. 113.

    Hansen KJ, Edwards MS, Craven TE, et al. Prevalence of renovascular disease in the elderly: a population-based study. J Vasc Surg. 2002;36:443-51.

    Not in our library10.1067/mva.2002.127351 (opens in a new tab)

  114. 114.

    Leertouwer TC, Pattynama PM, van den Berg-Huysmans A. Incidental renal artery stenosis in peripheral vascular disease: a case for treatment? Kidney Int. 2001;59:1480-3.

    Not in our library10.1046/j.1523-1755.2001.0590041480.x (opens in a new tab)

  115. 115.

    Olin JW, Melia M, Young JR, et al. Prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in patients with atherosclerosis elsewhere. Am J Med. 1990;88:46N-51N.

    Not in our library

  116. 116.

    Krishnamurthy V, Munir K, Rectenwald JE, et al. Contemporary outcomes with percutaneous vascular interventions for peripheral critical limb ischemia in those with and without poly-vascular disease. Vasc Med. 2014;19:491-9.

    Not in our library10.1177/1358863x14552013 (opens in a new tab)

  117. 117.

    Selvin E, Hirsch AT. Contemporary risk factor control and walking dysfunction in individuals with peripheral arterial disease: NHANES 1999-2004. Atherosclerosis. 2008;201:425-33.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.02.002 (opens in a new tab)

  118. 118.

    Pande RL, Perlstein TS, Beckman JA, et al. Secondary prevention and mortality in peripheral artery disease: National Health and Nutrition Examination Study, 1999 to 2004. Circulation. 2011;124:17-23.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.110.003954 (opens in a new tab)

  119. 119.

    Dawson DL, Cutler BS, Hiatt WR, et al. A comparison of cilostazol and pentoxifylline for treating intermittent claudication. Am J Med. 2000;109:523-30.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0002-9343(00)00569-6 (opens in a new tab)

  120. 120.

    Lee C. Nelson PREffect of cilostazol prescribed in a pragmatic treatment program for intermittent claudication. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2014;48:224-9.

    Not in our library10.1177/1538574413518121 (opens in a new tab)

  121. 121.

    Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002;324:71-86.

    Not in our library10.1136/bmj.324.7329.71 (opens in a new tab)

  122. 122.

    Catalano M, Born G, Peto R. Prevention of serious vascular events by aspirin amongst patients with peripheral arterial disease: randomized, double-blind trial. J Intern Med. 2007;261:276-84.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2796.2006.01763.x (opens in a new tab)

  123. 123.

    Berger JS, Krantz MJ, Kittelson JM, et al. Aspirin for the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients with peripheral artery disease: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA. 2009;301:1909-19.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.2009.623 (opens in a new tab)

  124. 124.

    A randomised, blinded, trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet. 1996;348:1329-39.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(96)09457-3 (opens in a new tab)

  125. 125.

    Cacoub PP, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, et al. Patients with peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. Eur Heart J. 2009;30:192-201.

    Not in our library10.1093/eurheartj/ehn534 (opens in a new tab)

  126. 126.

    Bhatt DL, Flather MD, Hacke W, et al. Patients with prior myocardial infarction, stroke, or symptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the CHARISMA trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:1982-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jacc.2007.03.025 (opens in a new tab)

  127. 127.

    Tepe G, Bantleon R, Brechtel K, et al. Management of peripheral arterial interventions with mono or dual antiplatelet therapy—the MIRROR study: a randomised and double-blinded clinical trial. Eur Radiol. 2012;22:1998-2006.

    Not in our library10.1007/s00330-012-2441-2 (opens in a new tab)

  128. 128.

    Armstrong EJ, Anderson DR, Yeo KK, et al. Association of dual-antiplatelet therapy with reduced major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 2015;62:157-65.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2015.01.051 (opens in a new tab)

  129. 129.

    Strobl FF, Brechtel K, Schmehl J, et al. Twelve-month results of a randomized trial comparing mono with dual antiplatelet therapy in endovascularly treated patients with peripheral artery disease. J Endovasc Ther. 2013;20:699-706.

    Not in our library10.1583/13-4275mr.1 (opens in a new tab)

  130. 130.

    Belch JJ, Dormandy J, et al. Results of the randomized, placebo-controlled Clopidogrel and Acetylsalicylic Acid in Bypass Surgery for Peripheral Arterial Disease (CASPAR) trial. J Vasc Surg. 2010;52:825-33.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2010.04.027 (opens in a new tab)

  131. 131.

    Bonaca MP, Scirica BM, Creager MA, et al. Vorapaxar in patients with peripheral artery disease: results from TRA2oP-TIMI 50. Circulation. 2013;127:1522-9.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.112.000679 (opens in a new tab)

  132. 132.

    Morrow DA, Braunwald E, Bonaca MP, et al. Vorapaxar in the secondary prevention of atherothrombotic events. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:1404-13.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa1200933 (opens in a new tab)

  133. 133.

    Bohula EA, Aylward PE, Bonaca MP, et al. Efficacy and safety of vorapaxar with and without a thienopyridine for secondary prevention in patients with previous myocardial infarction and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attack: results from TRA 2oP-TIMI 50. Circulation. 2015;132:1871-9.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.114.015042 (opens in a new tab)

  134. 134.

    Bonaca MP, Gutierrez JA, Creager MA, et al. Acute limb ischemia and outcomes with vorapaxar in patients with peripheral artery disease: results from the Trial to Assess the Effects of Vorapaxar in Preventing Heart Attack and Stroke in patients With Atherosclerosis-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 50 (TRA2oP-TIMI 50). Circulation. 2016;133:997-1005.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.115.019355 (opens in a new tab)

  135. 135.

    Kumbhani DJ, Steg PG, Cannon CP, et al. Statin therapy and long-term adverse limb outcomes in patients with peripheral artery disease: insights from the REACH registry. Eur Heart J. 2014;35:2864-72.

    Not in our library10.1093/eurheartj/ehu080 (opens in a new tab)

  136. 136.

    Vogel TR, Dombrovskiy VY, Galiñanes EL, et al. Preoperative statins and limb salvage after lower extremity revascularization in the Medicare population. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2013;6:694-700.

    Not in our library10.1161/circinterventions.113.000274 (opens in a new tab)

  137. 137.

    Randomized trial of the effects of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin on peripheral vascular and other major vascular outcomes in 20,536 people with peripheral arterial disease and other high-risk conditions. J Vasc Surg. 2007;45:645-4.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2006.12.054 (opens in a new tab)

  138. 138.

    Mohler ER, Hiatt WR, Creager MA. Cholesterol reduction with atorvastatin improves walking distance in patients with peripheral arterial disease. Circulation. 2003;108:1481-6.

    Not in our library10.1161/01.cir.0000090686.57897.f5 (opens in a new tab)

  139. 139.

    Aung PP, Maxwell HG, Jepson RG, et al. Lipid-lowering for peripheral arterial disease of the lower limb. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;CD000123.

    Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd000123.pub2 (opens in a new tab)

  140. 140.

    Bavry AA, Anderson RD, Gong Y, et al. Outcomes Among hypertensive patients with concomitant peripheral and coronary artery disease: findings from the INternational VErapamil-SR/ Trandolapril STudy. Hypertension. 2010;55:48-53.

    Not in our library10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.142240 (opens in a new tab)

  141. 141.

    Feringa HH, van Waning VH, Bax JJ, et al. Cardioprotective medication is associated with improved survival in patients with peripheral arterial disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;47:1182-7.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jacc.2005.09.074 (opens in a new tab)

  142. 142.

    Sleight P. The HOPE Study (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation). J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2000;1:18-20.

    Not in our library10.3317/jraas.2000.002 (opens in a new tab)

  143. 143.

    Yusuf S, Teo KK, Pogue J, et al. Telmisartan, ramipril, or both in patients at high risk for vascular events. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:1547-59.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa0801317 (opens in a new tab)

  144. 144.

    The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial. Major outcomes in high-risk hypertensive patients randomized to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or calcium channel blocker vs diuretic: The Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT). JAMA. 2002;288:2981-97.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.288.23.2981 (opens in a new tab)

  145. 145.

    Ostergren J, Sleight P, Dagenais G, et al. Impact of ramipril in patients with evidence of clinical or subclinical peripheral arterial disease. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:17-24.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ehj.2003.10.033 (opens in a new tab)

  146. 146.

    Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 2000;342:145-53.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejm200001203420301 (opens in a new tab)

  147. 147.

    Sarac TP, Huber TS, Back MR, et al. Warfarin improves the outcome of infrainguinal vein bypass grafting at high risk for failure. J Vasc Surg. 1998;28:446-57.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0741-5214(98)70130-2 (opens in a new tab)

  148. 148.

    Efficacy of oral anticoagulants compared with aspirin after infrainguinal bypass surgery (The Dutch Bypass Oral Anticoagulants or Aspirin Study): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2000;355:346-51.

    Not in our library

  149. 149.

    Bedenis R, Lethaby A, Maxwell H, et al. Antiplatelet agents for preventing thrombosis after peripheral arterial bypass surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;CD000535.

    Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd000535.pub3 (opens in a new tab)

  150. 150.

    Alonso-Coello P, Bellmunt S, McGorrian C, et al. Antithrombotic therapy in peripheral artery disease: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest. 2012;141:e669S-90S.

    Not in our library10.1378/chest.11-2307 (opens in a new tab)

  151. 151.

    Johnson WC, Williford WO. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooporative Study #362Benefits, morbidity, and mortality associated with long-term administration of oral anticoagulant therapy to patients with peripheral arterial bypass procedures: a prospective randomized study. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35:413-21.

    Not in our library10.1067/mva.2002.121847 (opens in a new tab)

  152. 152.

    Anand S, Yusuf S, Xie C, et al. Oral anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapy and peripheral arterial disease. N Engl J Med. 2007;357:217-27.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa065959 (opens in a new tab)

  153. 153.

    Hennrikus D, Joseph AM, Lando HA, et al. Effectiveness of a smoking cessation program for peripheral artery disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:2105-12.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jacc.2010.07.031 (opens in a new tab)

  154. 154.

    Stead LF, Buitrago D, Preciado N, et al. Physician advice for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;CD000165.

    Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd000165.pub4 (opens in a new tab)

  155. 155.

    Hoel AW, Nolan BW, Goodney PP, et al. Variation in smoking cessation after vascular operations. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57:1338-44.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2012.10.130 (opens in a new tab)

  156. 156.

    Rigotti NA, Pipe AL, Benowitz NL, et al. Efficacy and safety of varenicline for smoking cessation in patients with cardiovascular disease: a randomized trial. Circulation. 2010;121:221-9.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.109.869008 (opens in a new tab)

  157. 157.

    Rigotti NA, Regan S, Levy DE, et al. Sustained care intervention and postdischarge smoking cessation among hospitalized adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312:719-28.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.2014.9237 (opens in a new tab)

  158. 158.

    Tonstad S, Farsang C, Klaene G, et al. Bupropion SR for smoking cessation in smokers with cardiovascular disease: a multicentre, randomised study. Eur Heart J. 2003;24:946-55.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0195-668x(03)00003-4 (opens in a new tab)

  159. 159.

    Tan CE, Glantz SA. Association between smoke-free legislation and hospitalizations for cardiac, cerebrovascular, and respiratory diseases: a meta-analysis. Circulation. 2012;126:2177-83.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.112.121301 (opens in a new tab)

  160. 160.

    Lu L, Mackay DF, Pell JP. Association between level of exposure to secondhand smoke and peripheral arterial disease: cross-sectional study of 5,686 never smokers. Atherosclerosis. 2013;229:273-6.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.05.015 (opens in a new tab)

  161. 161.

    Singh S, Armstrong EJ, Sherif W, et al. Association of elevated fasting glucose with lower patency and increased major adverse limb events among patients with diabetes undergoing infrapopli-teal balloon angioplasty. Vasc Med. 2014;19:307-14.

    Not in our library10.1177/1358863x14538330 (opens in a new tab)

  162. 162.

    Takahara M, Kaneto H, Iida O, et al. The influence of glycemic control on the prognosis of Japanese patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for critical limb ischemia. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:2538-42.

    Not in our library10.2337/dc10-0939 (opens in a new tab)

  163. 163.

    Bedenis R, Stewart M, Cleanthis M, et al. Cilostazol for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD003748.

    Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd003748.pub4 (opens in a new tab)

  164. 164.

    Salhiyyah K, Senanayake E, Abdel-Hadi M, et al. Pentoxifylline for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;1:CD005262.

    Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd005262.pub2 (opens in a new tab)

  165. 165.

    Villarruz MV, Dans A, Tan F. Chelation therapy for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;CD002785.

    Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd002785 (opens in a new tab)

  166. 166.

    Lonn E, Held C, Arnold JM, et al. Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of a large, simple, randomized trial of combined folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12 in high-risk patients: the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE)-2 trial. Can J Cardiol. 2006;22:47-53.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0828-282x(06)70238-0 (opens in a new tab)

  167. 167.

    Lonn E, Yusuf S, Arnold MJ, et al. Homocysteine lowering with folic acid and B vitamins in vascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1567-77.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa060900 (opens in a new tab)

  168. 168.

    Khandanpour N, Loke YK, Meyer FJ, et al. Homocysteine and peripheral arterial disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2009;38:316-22.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejvs.2009.05.007 (opens in a new tab)

  169. 169.

    Brenner I, Parry M, Brown CA. Exercise interventions for patients with peripheral arterial disease: a review of the literature. Phys Sportsmed. 2012;40:41-55.

    Not in our library10.3810/psm.2012.05.1964 (opens in a new tab)

  170. 170.

    Lane R, Ellis B, Watson L, et al. Exercise for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD000990.

    Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd000990.pub3 (opens in a new tab)

  171. 171.

    Gardner AW, Parker DE, Montgomery PS, et al. Efficacy of quantified home-based exercise and supervised exercise in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial. Circulation. 2011;123:491-8.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.110.963066 (opens in a new tab)

  172. 172.

    Guidon M, McGee H. One-year effect of a supervised exercise programme on functional capacity and quality of life in peripheral arterial disease. Disabil Rehabil. 2013;35:397-404.

    Not in our library10.3109/09638288.2012.694963 (opens in a new tab)

  173. 173.

    Saxton JM, Zwierska I, Blagojevic M, et al. Upper- versus lower-limb aerobic exercise training on health-related quality of life in patients with symptomatic peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53:1265-73.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2010.10.125 (opens in a new tab)

  174. 174.

    Gommans LN, Fokkenrood HJ, van Dalen HC, et al. Safety of supervised exercise therapy in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61:512-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2014.08.070 (opens in a new tab)

  175. 175.

    Langbein WE, Collins EG, Orebaugh C, et al. Increasing exercise tolerance of persons limited by claudication pain using polestrid-ing. J Vasc Surg. 2002;35:887-93.

    Not in our library10.1067/mva.2002.123756 (opens in a new tab)

  176. 176.

    Walker RD, Nawaz S, Wilkinson CH, et al. Influence of upper- and lower-limb exercise training on cardiovascular function and walking distances in patients with intermittent claudication. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31:662-9.

    Not in our library10.1067/mva.2000.104104 (opens in a new tab)

  177. 177.

    Miller JD, Carter E, Shih J, et al. How to do a 3-minute diabetic foot exam. J Fam Pract. 2014;63:646-56.

    Not in our library

  178. 178.

    Prompers L, Schaper N, Apelqvist J, et al. Prediction of outcome in individuals with diabetic foot ulcers: focus on the differences between individuals with and without peripheral arterial disease. The EURODIALE Study. Diabetologia. 2008;51:747-55.

    Not in our library10.1007/s00125-008-0940-0 (opens in a new tab)

  179. 179.

    Pickwell K, Siersma V, Kars M, et al. Predictors of lower-extremity amputation in patients with an infected diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetes Care. 2015;38:852-7.

    Not in our library10.2337/dc14-1598 (opens in a new tab)

  180. 180.

    Dorresteijn JA, Kriegsman DM, Assendelft WJ, et al. Patient education for preventing diabetic foot ulceration. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;CD001488.

    Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd001488.pub5 (opens in a new tab)

  181. 181.

    Gardner SE, Hillis SL, Frantz RA. Clinical signs of infection in diabetic foot ulcers with high microbial load. Biol Res Nurs. 2009;11:119-28.

    Not in our library10.1177/1099800408326169 (opens in a new tab)

  182. 182.

    Lipsky BA, Berendt AR, Cornia PB, et al. 2012 Infectious Diseases Society of America clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:e132-73.

    Not in our library10.1093/cid/cis346 (opens in a new tab)

  183. 183.

    Dinh MT, Abad CL, Safdar N. Diagnostic accuracy of the physical examination and imaging tests for osteomyelitis underlying diabetic foot ulcers: meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2008;47:519-27.

    Not in our library10.1086/590011 (opens in a new tab)

  184. 184.

    Vartanian SM, Robinson KD, Ofili K, et al. Outcomes of neuroisch-emic wounds treated by a multidisciplinary amputation prevention service. Ann Vasc Surg. 2015;29:534-42.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.avsg.2014.10.030 (opens in a new tab)

  185. 185.

    Clerici G, Faglia E. Saving the limb in diabetic patients with ischemic foot lesions complicated by acute infection. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2014;13:273-93.

    Not in our library10.1177/1534734614549416 (opens in a new tab)

  186. 186.

    Leng GC, Lee AJ, Fowkes FG, et al. Incidence, natural history and cardiovascular events in symptomatic and asymptomatic peripheral arterial disease in the general population. Int J Epidemiol. 1996;25:1172-81.

    Not in our library10.1093/ije/25.6.1172 (opens in a new tab)

  187. 187.

    Dormandy J, Mahir M, Ascady G, et al. Fate of the patient with chronic leg ischaemia. A review article. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1989;30:50-57.

    Not in our library

  188. 188.

    Jelnes R, Gaardsting O, Hougaard Jensen K, et al. Fate in intermittent claudication: outcome and risk factors. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986;293:1137-40.

    Not in our library10.1136/bmj.293.6555.1137 (opens in a new tab)

  189. 189.

    Bloor K. Natural history of arteriosclerosis of the lower extremities: Hunterian lecture delivered at the Royal College of Surgeons of England on 22nd April 1960. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1961;28:36-52.

    Not in our library

  190. 190.

    Nordanstig J, Taft C, Hensäter M, et al. Improved quality of life after 1 year with an invasive versus a noninvasive treatment strategy in claudicants: one-year results of the Invasive Revascularization or Not in Intermittent Claudication (IRONIC) Trial. Circulation. 2014;130:939-47.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.114.009867 (opens in a new tab)

  191. 191.

    Malgor RD, Alahdab F, Elraiyah TA, et al. A systematic review of treatment of intermittent claudication in the lower extremities. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61:54S-73S.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2014.12.007 (opens in a new tab)

  192. 192.

    Tetteroo E, van Engelen AD, Spithoven JH, et al. Stent placement after iliac angioplasty: comparison of hemodynamic and angiographic criteria. Dutch Iliac Stent Trial Study Group. Radiology. 1996;201:155-9.

    Not in our library10.1148/radiology.201.1.8816537 (opens in a new tab)

  193. 193.

    Udoff EJ, Barth KH, Harrington DP, et al. Hemodynamic significance of iliac artery stenosis: pressure measurements during angiography. Radiology. 1979;132:289-93.

    Not in our library10.1148/132.2.289 (opens in a new tab)

  194. 194.

    Spronk S, Bosch JL, den Hoed PT, et al. Intermittent claudication: clinical effectiveness of endovascular revascularization versus supervised hospital-based exercise training-randomized controlled trial. Radiology. 2009;250:586-95.

    Not in our library10.1148/radiol.2501080607 (opens in a new tab)

  195. 195.

    Gelin J, Jivegård L, Taft C, et al. Treatment efficacy of intermittent claudication by surgical intervention, supervised physical exercise training compared to no treatment in unselected randomised patients, I: one year results of functional and physiological improvements. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2001;22:107-13.

    Not in our library10.1053/ejvs.2001.1413 (opens in a new tab)

  196. 196.

    Greenhalgh RM, Belch JJ, Brown LC, et al. The adjuvant benefit of angioplasty in patients with mild to moderate intermittent claudication (MIMIC) managed by supervised exercise, smoking cessation advice and best medical therapy: results from two randomised trials for stenotic femoropopliteal and aortoiliac arterial disease. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2008;36:680-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejvs.2008.10.007 (opens in a new tab)

  197. 197.

    Hobbs SD, Marshall T, Fegan C, et al. The constitutive proco-agulant and hypofibrinolytic state in patients with intermittent claudication due to infrainguinal disease significantly improves with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty. J Vasc Surg. 2006;43:40-6.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2005.09.013 (opens in a new tab)

  198. 198.

    Mazari FA, Gulati S, Rahman MN, et al. Early outcomes from a randomized, controlled trial of supervised exercise, angioplasty, and combined therapy in intermittent claudication. Ann Vasc Surg. 2010;24:69-79.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.avsg.2009.07.005 (opens in a new tab)

  199. 199.

    Mazari FA, Khan JA, Carradice D, et al. Randomized clinical trial of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, supervised exercise and combined treatment for intermittent claudication due to femoropopliteal arterial disease. Br J Surg. 2012;99:39-48.

    Not in our library10.1002/bjs.7710 (opens in a new tab)

  200. 200.

    Nordanstig J, Gelin J, Hensäter M, et al. Walking performance and health-related quality of life after surgical or endovascular invasive versus non-invasive treatment for intermittent claudication—a prospective randomised trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;42:220-7.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.02.019 (opens in a new tab)

  201. 201.

    Nylaende M, Abdelnoor M, Stranden E, et al. The Oslo Balloon Angioplasty versus Conservative Treatment study (OBACT)—the 2-years results of a single centre, prospective, randomised study in patients with intermittent claudication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2007;33:3-12.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.08.007 (opens in a new tab)

  202. 202.

    Perkins JM, Collin J, Creasy TS, et al. Reprinted article “Exercise training versus angioplasty for stable claudication. Long and medium term results of a prospective, randomised trial”. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2011;42(1):S41-5.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.06.021 (opens in a new tab)

  203. 203.

    Spronk S, Bosch JL, den Hoed PT, et al. Cost-effectiveness of endovascular revascularization compared to supervised hospital-based exercise training in patients with intermittent claudication: a randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg. 2008;48:1472-80.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2008.06.016 (opens in a new tab)

  204. 204.

    Taft C, Karlsson J, Gelin J, et al. Treatment efficacy of intermittent claudication by invasive therapy, supervised physical exercise training compared to no treatment in unselected randomised patients, II: one-year results of health-related quality of life. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2001;22:114-23.

    Not in our library10.1053/ejvs.2001.1406 (opens in a new tab)

  205. 205.

    Whyman MR, Fowkes FG, Kerracher EM, et al. Randomised controlled trial of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for intermittent claudication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1996;12:167-72.

    Not in our library10.1016/s1078-5884(96)80102-x (opens in a new tab)

  206. 206.

    Whyman MR, Fowkes FG, Kerracher EM, et al. Is intermittent claudication improved by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty? A randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg. 1997;26:551-7.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0741-5214(97)70052-1 (opens in a new tab)

  207. 207.

    Löfberg AM, Karacagil S, Ljungman C, et al. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the femoropopliteal arteries in limbs with chronic critical lower limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2001;34:114-21.

    Not in our library10.1067/mva.2001.113486 (opens in a new tab)

  208. 208.

    Capek P, McLean GK, Berkowitz HD. Femoropopliteal angioplasty. Factors influencing long-term success. Circulation. 1991;83:I70-80.

    Not in our library

  209. 209.

    Clark TW, Groffsky JL, Soulen MC. Predictors of long-term patency after femoropopliteal angioplasty: results from the STAR registry. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2001;12:923-33.

    Not in our library10.1016/s1051-0443(07)61570-x (opens in a new tab)

  210. 210.

    Johnston KW, Rae M, Hogg-Johnston SA, et al. 5-year results of a prospective study of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty. Ann Surg. 1987;206:403-13.

    Not in our library10.1097/00000658-198710000-00002 (opens in a new tab)

  211. 211.

    Schulte KL, Pilger E, Schellong S, et al. Primary self-expanding nitinol stenting vs balloon angioplasty with optional bailout stent-ing for the treatment of infrapopliteal artery disease in patients with severe intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia (EXPAND Study). J Endovasc Ther. 2015;22:690-7.

    Not in our library10.1177/1526602815598955 (opens in a new tab)

  212. 212.

    Rastan A, Tepe G, Krankenberg H, et al. Sirolimus-eluting stents vs. bare-metal stents for treatment of focal lesions in infrapopliteal arteries: a double-blind, multi-centre, randomized clinical trial. Eur Heart J. 2011;32:2274-81.

    Not in our library10.1093/eurheartj/ehr144 (opens in a new tab)

  213. 213.

    Siablis D, Kitrou PM, Spiliopoulos S, et al. Paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty versus drug-eluting stenting for the treatment of infrapopliteal long-segment arterial occlusive disease: the IDEAS randomized controlled trial. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2014;7:1048-56.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jcin.2014.04.015 (opens in a new tab)

  214. 214.

    Sachs T, Pomposelli F, Hamdan A, et al. Trends in the national outcomes and costs for claudication and limb threatening ischemia: angioplasty vs bypass graft. J Vasc Surg. 2011;54:1021-31.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2011.03.281 (opens in a new tab)

  215. 215.

    Shammas NW, Shammas GA, Dippel EJ, et al. Predictors of distal embolization in peripheral percutaneous interventions: a report from a large peripheral vascular registry. J Invasive Cardiol. 2009;21:628-31.

    Not in our library

  216. 216.

    Matsi PJ, Manninen HI. Complications of lower-limb percutaneous transluminal angioplasty: a prospective analysis of 410 procedures on 295 consecutive patients. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 1998;21:361-6.

    Not in our library10.1007/s002709900281 (opens in a new tab)

  217. 217.

    Antoniou GA, Chalmers N, Georgiadis GS, et al. A meta-analysis of endovascular versus surgical reconstruction of femoropopliteal arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57:242-53.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2012.07.038 (opens in a new tab)

  218. 218.

    Fowkes F, Leng GC. Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb isch-aemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008;CD002000.

    Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd002000.pub2 (opens in a new tab)

  219. 219.

    Aihara H, Soga Y, Mii S, et al. Comparison of long-term outcome after endovascular therapy versus bypass surgery in claudication patients with Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus-II C and D femoropopliteal disease. Circ J. 2014;78:457-64.

    Not in our library10.1253/circj.cj-13-1147 (opens in a new tab)

  220. 220.

    Chiesa R, Marone EM, Tshomba Y, et al. Aortobifemoral bypass grafting using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene stretch grafts in patients with occlusive atherosclerotic disease. Ann Vasc Surg. 2009;23:764-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.avsg.2009.01.004 (opens in a new tab)

  221. 221.

    Goodney PP, Likosky DS, Cronenwett JL, et al. Predicting ambulation status one year after lower extremity bypass. J Vasc Surg. 2009;49:1431-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2009.02.014 (opens in a new tab)

  222. 222.

    Lo RC, Bensley RP, Dahlberg SE, et al. Presentation, treatment, and outcome differences between men and women undergoing revascularization or amputation for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59:409-18.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2013.07.114 (opens in a new tab)

  223. 223.

    Nguyen BN, Amdur RL, Abugideiri M, et al. Postoperative complications after common femoral endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61:1489-1494.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2015.01.024 (opens in a new tab)

  224. 224.

    Sachwani GR, Hans SS, Khoury MD, et al. Results of iliac stenting and aortofemoral grafting for iliac artery occlusions. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57:1030-7.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2012.09.038 (opens in a new tab)

  225. 225.

    Siracuse JJ, Gill HL, Schneider DB, et al. Assessing the perioperative safety of common femoral endarterectomy in the endovascular era. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2014;48:27-33.

    Not in our library10.1177/1538574413508827 (opens in a new tab)

  226. 226.

    Twine CP, McLain AD. Graft type for femoro-popliteal bypass surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;CD001487.

    Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd001487.pub2 (opens in a new tab)

  227. 227.

    Pereira CE, Albers M, Romiti M, et al. Meta-analysis of femoropopliteal bypass grafts for lower extremity arterial insufficiency. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:510-7.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2006.04.054 (opens in a new tab)

  228. 228.

    AbuRahma AF, Robinson PA, Holt SM. Prospective controlled study of polytetrafluoroethylene versus saphenous vein in clau-dicant patients with bilateral above knee femoropopliteal bypasses. Surgery. 1999;126:594-602.

    Not in our library

  229. 229.

    Archie JP. Femoropopliteal bypass with either adequate ipsilater-al reversed saphenous vein or obligatory polytetrafluoroethylene. Ann Vasc Surg. 1994;8:475-84.

    Not in our library10.1007/bf02133068 (opens in a new tab)

  230. 230.

    Eugster T, Marti R, Gurke L, et al. Ten years after arterial bypass surgery for claudication: venous bypass is the primary procedure for TASC C and D lesions. World J Surg. 2011;35:2328-31.

    Not in our library10.1007/s00268-011-1237-x (opens in a new tab)

  231. 231.

    Green RM, Abbott WM, Matsumoto T, et al. Prosthetic above-knee femoropopliteal bypass grafting: five-year results of a randomized trial. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31:417-25.

    Not in our library

  232. 232.

    Hunink MG, Wong JB, Donaldson MC, et al. Patency results of percutaneous and surgical revascularization for femoropopliteal arterial disease. Med Decis Making. 1994;14:71-81.

    Not in our library10.1177/0272989x9401400109 (opens in a new tab)

  233. 233.

    Johnson WC, Lee KK. Comparative evaluation of externally supported Dacron and polytetrafluoroethylene prosthetic bypasses for femorofemoral and axillofemoral arterial reconstructions. Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study #141. J Vasc Surg. 1999;30:1077-83.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0741-5214(99)70046-7 (opens in a new tab)

  234. 234.

    Klinkert P, Schepers A, Burger DH, et al. Vein versus polytetrafluoroethylene in above-knee femoropopliteal bypass grafting: five-year results of a randomized controlled trial. J Vasc Surg. 2003;37:149-55.

    Not in our library10.1067/mva.2002.86 (opens in a new tab)

  235. 235.

    Feinglass J, McCarthy WJ, Slavensky R, et al. Functional status and walking ability after lower extremity bypass grafting or angioplasty for intermittent claudication: results from a prospective outcomes study. J Vasc Surg. 2000;31:93-103.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0741-5214(00)70071-1 (opens in a new tab)

  236. 236.

    Koivunen K, Lukkarinen H. One-year prospective health-related quality-of-life outcomes in patients treated with conservative method, endovascular treatment or open surgery for symptomatic lower limb atherosclerotic disease. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2008;7:247-56.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejcnurse.2007.12.001 (opens in a new tab)

  237. 237.

    Mori E, Komori K, Kume M, et al. Comparison of the long-term results between surgical and conservative treatment in patients with intermittent claudication. Surgery. 2002;131:S269-74.

    Not in our library10.1067/msy.2002.119966 (opens in a new tab)

  238. 238.

    Veith FJ, Gupta SK, Ascer E, et al. Six-year prospective multi-center randomized comparison of autologous saphenous vein and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene grafts in infrainguinal arterial reconstructions. J Vasc Surg. 1986;3:104-14.

    Not in our library10.1067/mva.1986.avs0030104 (opens in a new tab)

  239. 239.

    Schweiger H, Klein P, Lang W. Tibial bypass grafting for limb salvage with ringed polytetrafluoroethylene prostheses: results of primary and secondary procedures. J Vasc Surg. 1993;18:867-74.

    Not in our library

  240. 240.

    Baldwin ZK, Pearce BJ, Curi MA, et al. Limb salvage after infrainguinal bypass graft failure. J Vasc Surg. 2004;39:951-7.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2004.01.027 (opens in a new tab)

  241. 241.

    Kannel WB, Skinner JJ, Schwartz MJ, et al. Intermittent claudication. Incidence in the Framingham Study. Circulation. 1970;41:875-83.

    Not in our library10.1161/01.cir.41.5.875 (opens in a new tab)

  242. 242.

    Adam DJ, Beard JD, Cleveland T, et al. Bypass versus angioplasty in severe ischaemia of the leg (BASIL): multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366:1925-34.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67704-5 (opens in a new tab)

  243. 243.

    Bradbury AW, Adam DJ, Bell J, et al. Multicentre randomised controlled trial of the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a bypass-surgery-first versus a balloon-angioplasty-first revascularisation strategy for severe limb ischaemia due to infrainguinal disease. The Bypass versus Angioplasty in Severe Ischaemia of the Leg (BASIL) trial. Health Technol Assess. 2010;14:1-210.

    Not in our library10.3310/hta14140 (opens in a new tab)

  244. 244.

    244 Deleted in press.

    Not in our library

  245. 245.

    Acín F, Varela C, López de Maturana I, et al. Results of infrapopliteal endovascular procedures performed in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia and tissue loss from the perspective of an angiosome-oriented revascularization strategy. Int J Vasc Med. 2014;2014:270539.

    Not in our library10.1155/2014/270539 (opens in a new tab)

  246. 246.

    Söderstrom M, Albäck A, Biancari F, et al. Angiosome-targeted infrapopliteal endovascular revascularization for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57:427-35.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2012.07.057 (opens in a new tab)

  247. 247.

    Lejay A, Georg Y, Tartaglia E, et al. Long-term outcomes of direct and indirect below-the-knee open revascularization based on the angiosome concept in diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia. Ann Vasc Surg. 2014;28:983-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.avsg.2013.08.026 (opens in a new tab)

  248. 248.

    Kret MR, Cheng D, Azarbal AF, et al. Utility of direct angiosome revascularization and runoff scores in predicting outcomes in patients undergoing revascularization for critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59:121-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2013.06.075 (opens in a new tab)

  249. 249.

    Osawa S, Terashi H, Tsuji Y, et al. Importance of the six angio-somes concept through arterial-arterial connections in CLI. Int Angiol. 2013;32:375-85.

    Not in our library

  250. 250.

    Rashid H, Slim H, Zayed H, et al. The impact of arterial pedal arch quality and angiosome revascularization on foot tissue loss healing and infrapopliteal bypass outcome. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57:1219-26.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2012.10.129 (opens in a new tab)

  251. 251.

    Fossaceca R, Guzzardi G, Cerini P, et al. Endovascular treatment of diabetic foot in a selected population of patients with below-the-knee disease: is the angiosome model effective? Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2013;36:637-44.

    Not in our library10.1007/s00270-012-0544-4 (opens in a new tab)

  252. 252.

    Kabra A, Suresh KR, Vivekanand V, et al. Outcomes of angiosome and non-angiosome targeted revascularization in critical lower limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2013;57:44-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2012.07.042 (opens in a new tab)

  253. 253.

    Azuma N, Uchida H, Kokubo T, et al. Factors influencing wound healing of critical ischaemic foot after bypass surgery: is the angiosome important in selecting bypass target artery? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2012;43:322-8.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejvs.2011.12.001 (opens in a new tab)

  254. 254.

    Varela C, Acín F, de Haro J, et al. The role of foot collateral vessels on ulcer healing and limb salvage after successful endovascular and surgical distal procedures according to an angiosome model. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2010;44:654-60.

    Not in our library10.1177/1538574410376601 (opens in a new tab)

  255. 255.

    Neville RF, Attinger CE, Bulan EJ, et al. Revascularization of a specific angiosome for limb salvage: does the target artery matter? Ann Vasc Surg. 2009;23:367-73.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.avsg.2008.08.022 (opens in a new tab)

  256. 256.

    Alexandrescu VA, Hubermont G, Philips Y, et al. Selective primary angioplasty following an angiosome model of reperfusion in the treatment of Wagner 1-4 diabetic foot lesions: practice in a multidisciplinary diabetic limb service. J Endovasc Ther. 2008;15:580-93.

    Not in our library10.1583/08-2460.1 (opens in a new tab)

  257. 257.

    Iida O, Soga Y, Hirano K, et al. Long-term results of direct and indirect endovascular revascularization based on the angiosome concept in patients with critical limb ischemia presenting with isolated below-the-knee lesions. J Vasc Surg. 2012;55:363-70.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2011.08.014 (opens in a new tab)

  258. 258.

    Bosanquet DC, Glasbey JC, Williams IM, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of direct versus indirect angiosomal revascularisation of infrapopliteal arteries. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014;48:88-97.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.04.002 (opens in a new tab)

  259. 259.

    Biancari F, Juvonen T. Angiosome-targeted lower limb revascularization for ischemic foot wounds: systematic review and metaanalysis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014;47:517-22.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejvs.2013.12.010 (opens in a new tab)

  260. 260.

    Abu Dabrh AM, Steffen MW, Undavalli C, et al. The natural history of untreated severe or critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2015;62:1642-51.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2015.07.065 (opens in a new tab)

  261. 261.

    Gray BH, Laird JR, Ansel GM, et al. Complex endovascular treatment for critical limb ischemia in poor surgical candidates: a pilot study. J Endovasc Ther. 2002;9:599-604.

    Not in our library10.1177/152660280200900509 (opens in a new tab)

  262. 262.

    Ryer EJ, Trocciola SM, DeRubertis B, et al. Analysis of outcomes following failed endovascular treatment of chronic limb ischemia. Ann Vasc Surg. 2006;20:440-6.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10016-006-9101-4 (opens in a new tab)

  263. 263.

    Krankenberg H, Schliiter M, Steinkamp HJ, et al. Nitinol stent implantation versus percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in superficial femoral artery lesions up to 10 cm in length: the Femoral Artery Stenting Trial (FAST). Circulation. 2007;116:285-92.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.107.689141 (opens in a new tab)

  264. 264.

    Schillinger M, Sabeti S, Dick P, et al. Sustained benefit at 2 years of primary femoropopliteal stenting compared with balloon angioplasty with optional stenting. Circulation. 2007;115:2745-9.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.107.688341 (opens in a new tab)

  265. 265.

    Johnson WC, Lee KK. A comparative evaluation of polytetrafluoroethylene, umbilical vein, and saphenous vein bypass grafts for femoral-popliteal above-knee revascularization: a prospective randomized Department of Veterans Affairs cooperative study. J Vasc Surg. 2000;32:268-77.

    Not in our library10.1067/mva.2000.106944 (opens in a new tab)

  266. 266.

    Fogle MA, Whittemore AD, Couch NP, et al. A comparison of in situ and reversed saphenous vein grafts for infrainguinal reconstruction. J Vasc Surg. 1987;5:46-52.

    Not in our library

  267. 267.

    Leather RP, Karmody AM. In-situ saphenous vein arterial bypass for the treatment of limb ischemia. Adv Surg. 1986;19:175-219.

    Not in our library

  268. 268.

    Taylor LM, Edwards JM, Porter JM. Present status of reversed vein bypass grafting: five-year results of a modern series. J Vasc Surg. 1990;11:193-205.

    Not in our library10.1067/mva.1990.17235 (opens in a new tab)

  269. 269.

    Nolan BW, De Martino RR, Stone DH, et al. Prior failed ipsilateral percutaneous endovascular intervention in patients with critical limb ischemia predicts poor outcome after lower extremity bypass. J Vasc Surg. 2011;54:730-5.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2011.03.236 (opens in a new tab)

  270. 270.

    Santo VJ, Dargon P, Azarbal AF, et al. Lower extremity autologous vein bypass for critical limb ischemia is not adversely affected by prior endovascular procedure. J Vasc Surg. 2014;60:129-35.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2014.01.013 (opens in a new tab)

  271. 271.

    Uhl C, Hock C, Betz T, et al. Pedal bypass surgery after crural endovascular intervention. J Vasc Surg. 2014;59:1583-7.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2013.11.071 (opens in a new tab)

  272. 272.

    Okadome J, Matsumoto T, Aoyagi Y, et al. Long-term results of a hybrid revascularization procedure for peripheral arterial disease. Fukuoka Igaku Zasshi. 2015;106:254-61.

    Not in our library

  273. 273.

    Starodubtsev V, Karpenko A, Ignatenko P. Hybrid and open surgery of Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society II type C and D iliac occlusive disease and concomitant lesion of common femoral artery. Int Angiol. 2016;35:484-91.

    Not in our library

  274. 274.

    Nishibe T, Maruno K, Iwahori A, et al. The role of common femoral artery endarterectomy in the endovascular era. Ann Vasc Surg. 2015;29:1501-7.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.avsg.2015.05.005 (opens in a new tab)

  275. 275.

    Kobayashi N, Hirano K, Nakano M, et al. Prognosis of critical limb ischemia patients with tissue loss after achievement of complete wound healing by endovascular therapy. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61:951-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.065 (opens in a new tab)

  276. 276.

    Armstrong DG, Bharara M, White M, et al. The impact and outcomes of establishing an integrated interdisciplinary surgical team to care for the diabetic foot. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2012;28:514-8.

    Not in our library10.1002/dmrr.2299 (opens in a new tab)

  277. 277.

    Chung J, Modrall JG, Ahn C, et al. Multidisciplinary care improves amputation-free survival in patients with chronic critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61:162-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2014.05.101 (opens in a new tab)

  278. 278.

    Moran PS, Teljeur C, Harrington P, et al. A systematic review of intermittent pneumatic compression for critical limb ischaemia. Vasc Med. 2015;20:41-50.

    Not in our library10.1177/1358863x14552096 (opens in a new tab)

  279. 279.

    Abidia A, Laden G, Kuhan G, et al. The role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in ischaemic diabetic lower extremity ulcers: a double-blind randomised-controlled trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2003;25:513-8.

    Not in our library10.1053/ejvs.2002.1911 (opens in a new tab)

  280. 280.

    Ruffolo AJ, Romano M, Ciapponi A. Prostanoids for critical limb ischaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;CD006544.

    Not in our library10.1002/14651858.cd006544.pub2 (opens in a new tab)

  281. 281.

    Blaisdell FW. The pathophysiology of skeletal muscle ischemia and the reperfusion syndrome: a review. Cardiovasc Surg. 2002;10:620-30.

    Not in our library10.1177/096721090201000620 (opens in a new tab)

  282. 282.

    Londero LS, N0rgaard B, Houlind K. Patient delay is the main cause of treatment delay in acute limb ischemia: an investigation of pre-and in-hospital time delay. World J Emerg Surg. 2014;9:56.

    Not in our library10.1186/1749-7922-9-56 (opens in a new tab)

  283. 283.

    Duval S, Keo HH, Oldenburg NC, et al. The impact of prolonged lower limb ischemia on amputation, mortality, and functional status: the FRIENDS registry. Am Heart J. 2014;168:577-87.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ahj.2014.06.013 (opens in a new tab)

  284. 284.

    Morris-Stiff G, D'Souza J, Raman S, et al. Update experience of surgery for acute limb ischaemia in a district general hospital—are we getting any better? Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2009;91:637-40.

    Not in our library10.1308/003588409x12486167521271 (opens in a new tab)

  285. 285.

    Saarinen E, Vuorisalo S, Kauhanen P, et al. The benefit of revascularization in nonagenarians with lower limb ischemia is limited by high mortality. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2015;49:420-5.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejvs.2014.12.027 (opens in a new tab)

  286. 286.

    Baril DT, Patel VI, Judelson DR, et al. Outcomes of lower extremity bypass performed for acute limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2013;58:949-56.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2013.04.036 (opens in a new tab)

  287. 287.

    Manojlović V, Popović V, Nikolić D, et al. Analysis of associated diseases in patients with acute critical lower limb ischemia. Med Pregl. 2013;66:41-5.

    Not in our library10.2298/mpns1302041m (opens in a new tab)

  288. 288.

    Comerota AJ, Weaver FA, Hosking JD, et al. Results of a prospective, randomized trial of surgery versus thrombolysis for occluded lower extremity bypass grafts. Am J Surg. 1996;172:105-12.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0002-9610(96)00129-8 (opens in a new tab)

  289. 289.

    Diffin DC, Kandarpa K. Assessment of peripheral intraarterial thrombolysis versus surgical revascularization in acute lower-limb ischemia: a review of limb-salvage and mortality statistics. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1996;7:57-63.

    Not in our library10.1016/s1051-0443(96)70734-0 (opens in a new tab)

  290. 290.

    Ouriel K, Veith FJ, Sasahara AA. A comparison of recombinant urokinase with vascular surgery as initial treatment for acute arterial occlusion of the legs. Thrombolysis or Peripheral Arterial Surgery (TOPAS) Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:1105-11.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejm199804163381603 (opens in a new tab)

  291. 291.

    Results of a prospective randomized trial evaluating surgery versus thrombolysis for ischemia of the lower extremity. The STILE trial. Ann Surg. 1994;220:266-8.

    Not in our library10.1097/00000658-199409000-00003 (opens in a new tab)

  292. 292.

    Ouriel K, Shortell CK, DeWeese JA, et al. A comparison of thrombolytic therapy with operative revascularization in the initial treatment of acute peripheral arterial ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 1994;19:1021-30.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0741-5214(94)70214-4 (opens in a new tab)

  293. 293.

    Eliason JL, Wakefield TW. Metabolic consequences of acute limb ischemia and their clinical implications. Semin Vasc Surg. 2009;22:29-33.

    Not in our library10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2009.01.001 (opens in a new tab)

  294. 294.

    Henke PK. Contemporary management of acute limb ischemia: factors associated with amputation and in-hospital mortality. Semin Vasc Surg. 2009;22:34-40.

    Not in our library10.1053/j.semvascsurg.2009.01.002 (opens in a new tab)

  295. 295.

    Ansel GM, Botti CF, Silver MJ. Treatment of acute limb ischemia with a percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy-based endovascu-lar approach: 5-year limb salvage and survival results from a single center series. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008;72:325-30.

    Not in our library10.1002/ccd.21641 (opens in a new tab)

  296. 296.

    Gupta R, Hennebry TA. Percutaneous isolated pharmaco-mechanical thrombolysis-thrombectomy system for the management of acute arterial limb ischemia: 30-day results from a single-center experience. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;80:636-43.

    Not in our library10.1002/ccd.24283 (opens in a new tab)

  297. 297.

    Silva JA, Ramee SR, Collins TJ, et al. Rheolytic thrombectomy in the treatment of acute limb-threatening ischemia: immediate results and six-month follow-up of the multicenter AngioJet registry. Possis Peripheral AngioJet Study AngioJet Investigators. Cathet Cardiovasc Diagn. 1998;45:386-93.

    Not in our library10.1002/(sici)1097-0304(199812)45:4<386::aid-ccd7>3.0.co;2-q (opens in a new tab)

  298. 298.

    Taha AG, Byrne RM, Avgerinos ED, et al. Comparative effectiveness of endovascular versus surgical revascularization for acute lower extremity ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61:147-54.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2014.06.109 (opens in a new tab)

  299. 299.

    Leung DA, Blitz LR, Nelson T, et al. Rheolytic pharmacomechanical thrombectomy for the management of acute limb ischemia: results from the PEARL Registry. J Endovasc Ther. 2015;22:546-57.

    Not in our library10.1177/1526602815592849 (opens in a new tab)

  300. 300.

    Zaraca F, Ponzoni A, Sbraga P, et al. Factors affecting long-term outcomes after thromboembolectomy for acute lower limb ischemia. Minerva Chir. 2012;67:49-57.

    Not in our library

  301. 301.

    Ender Topal A, Nesimi Eren M, Celik Y. Management of non-traumatic acute limb ischemia and predictors of outcome in 270 thrombembolectomy cases. Int Angiol. 2011;30:172-80.

    Not in our library

  302. 302.

    Fogarty TJ, Cranley JJ, Krause RJ, et al. A method for extraction of arterial emboli and thrombi. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1963;116:241-4.

    Not in our library

  303. 303.

    Schrijver AM, Reijnen MM, van Oostayen JA, et al. Initial results of catheter-directed ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis for thromboembolic obstructions of the aortofemoral arteries: a feasibility study. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol. 2012;35:279-85.

    Not in our library10.1007/s00270-011-0164-4 (opens in a new tab)

  304. 304.

    Schrijver A, Vos J, Hoksbergen AW, et al. Ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis for lower extremity ischemia: multicenter experience and literature review. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 2011;52:467-76.

    Not in our library

  305. 305.

    Schrijver AM, Reijnen MM, van Oostayen JA, et al. Dutch randomized trial comparing standard catheter-directed thrombolysis versus ultrasound-accelerated thrombolysis for thromboembolic infraingui-nal disease (DUET): design and rationale. Trials. 2011;12:20.

    Not in our library10.1186/1745-6215-12-20 (opens in a new tab)

  306. 306.

    Jongsma H, Bekken JA, van Buchem F, et al. Secondary interventions in patients with autologous infrainguinal bypass grafts strongly improve patency rates. J Vasc Surg. 2016;63:385-90.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2015.08.100 (opens in a new tab)

  307. 307.

    Carter A, Murphy MO, Halka AT, et al. The natural history of stenoses within lower limb arterial bypass grafts using a graft surveillance program. Ann Vasc Surg. 2007;21:695-703.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.avsg.2007.07.019 (opens in a new tab)

  308. 308.

    Ihlberg L, Luther M, Albäck A, et al. Does a completely accomplished duplex-based surveillance prevent vein-graft failure? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1999;18:395-400.

    Not in our library10.1053/ejvs.1999.0935 (opens in a new tab)

  309. 309.

    Westerband A, Mills JL, Kistler S, et al. Prospective validation of threshold criteria for intervention in infrainguinal vein grafts undergoing duplex surveillance. Ann Vasc Surg. 1997;11:44-8.

    Not in our library10.1007/s100169900008 (opens in a new tab)

  310. 310.

    Lundell A, Lindblad B, Bergqvist D, et al. Femoropopliteal-crural graft patency is improved by an intensive surveillance program: a prospective randomized study. J Vasc Surg. 1995;21:26-33.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0741-5214(95)70241-5 (opens in a new tab)

  311. 311.

    Mills JL, Harris EJ, Taylor LM, et al. The importance of routine surveillance of distal bypass grafts with duplex scanning: a study of 379 reversed vein grafts. J Vasc Surg. 1990;12:379-86.

    Not in our library

  312. 312.

    Bandyk DF, Cato RF, Towne JB. A low flow velocity predicts failure of femoropopliteal and femorotibial bypass grafts. Surgery. 1985;98:799-809.

    Not in our library

  313. 313.

    Back MR, Novotney M, Roth SM, et al. Utility of duplex surveillance following iliac artery angioplasty and primary stenting. J Endovasc Ther. 2001;8:629-37.

    Not in our library10.1177/152660280100800617 (opens in a new tab)

  314. 314.

    Baril DT, Marone LK. Duplex evaluation following femoropopliteal angioplasty and stenting: criteria and utility of surveillance. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2012;46:353-7.

    Not in our library10.1177/1538574412448684 (opens in a new tab)

  315. 315.

    Troutman DA, Madden NJ, Dougherty MJ, et al. Duplex ultrasound diagnosis of failing stent grafts placed for occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg. 2014;60:1580-4.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2014.08.071 (opens in a new tab)

  316. 316.

    Brumberg RS, Back MR, Armstrong PA, et al. The relative importance of graft surveillance and warfarin therapy in infrainguinal prosthetic bypass failure. J Vasc Surg. 2007;46:1160-6.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2007.07.046 (opens in a new tab)

  317. 317.

    Calligaro KD, Doerr K, McAffee-Bennett S, et al. Should duplex ultrasonography be performed for surveillance of femoropopliteal and femorotibial arterial prosthetic bypasses? Ann Vasc Surg. 2001;15:520-4.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10016-001-0006-y (opens in a new tab)

  318. 318.

    Stone PA, Armstrong PA, Bandyk DF, et al. Duplex ultrasound criteria for femorofemoral bypass revision. J Vasc Surg. 2006;44:496-502.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2006.06.002 (opens in a new tab)

  319. 319.

    Subherwal S, Patel MR, Chiswell K, et al. Clinical trials in peripheral vascular disease: pipeline and trial designs: an evaluation of the ClinicalTrials.gov database. Circulation. 2014;130:1812-9.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.114.011021 (opens in a new tab)

  320. 320.

    Darling JD, McCallum JC, Soden PA, et al. Predictive ability of the Society for Vascular Surgery Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) classification system following infrapopliteal endovascular interventions for critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2016;64:616-22.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2016.03.417 (opens in a new tab)

  321. 321.

    Causey MW, Ahmed A, Wu B, et al. Society for Vascular Surgery limb stage and patient risk correlate with outcomes in an amputation prevention program. J Vasc Surg. 2016;63:1563-73.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2016.01.011 (opens in a new tab)

  322. 322.

    Beropoulis E, Stavroulakis K, Schwindt A, et al. Validation of the Wound, Ischemia, foot Infection (WIfI) classification system in nondiabetic patients treated by endovascular means for critical limb ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 2016;64:95-103.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2016.01.040 (opens in a new tab)

  323. 323.

    Zhan LX, Branco BC, Armstrong DG, et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery lower extremity threatened limb classification system based on Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) correlates with risk of major amputation and time to wound healing. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61:939-44.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2014.11.045 (opens in a new tab)

  324. 324.

    Mills JL, Conte MS, Armstrong DG, et al. The Society for Vascular Surgery Lower Extremity Threatened Limb Classification System: risk stratification based on wound, ischemia, and foot infection (WIfI). J Vasc Surg. 2014;59:220-34.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jvs.2013.08.003 (opens in a new tab)

Cited by papers we hold 7

Questions about this paper

We email you if it is retracted, withdrawn, corrected or flagged.

Reads

Read by people on this page

None yet.

Checked or read by AI through naulon

None yet.

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.

Are you an author?

Is this your paper?

Claim it to add your note and be paid when agents cite it. Free.