Role of Vitamin D in Insulin Resistance

Abstract

Vitamin D is characterized as a regulator of homeostasis of bone and mineral metabolism, but it can also provide nonskeletal actions because vitamin D receptors have been found in various tissues including the brain, prostate, breast, colon, pancreas, and immune cells. Bone metabolism, modulation of the immune response, and regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation are all biological functions of vitamin D. Vitamin D may play an important role in modifying the risk of cardiometabolic outcomes, including diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The incidence of type 2 DM is increasing worldwide and results from a lack of insulin or inadequate insulin secretion following increases in insulin resistance. Therefore, it has been proposed that vitamin D deficiency plays an important role in insulin resistance resulting in diabetes. The potential role of vitamin D deficiency in insulin resistance has been proposed to be associated with inherited gene polymorphisms including vitamin D-binding protein, vitamin D receptor, and vitamin D 1alpha-hydroxylase gene. Other roles have been proposed to involve immunoregulatory function by activating innate and adaptive immunity and cytokine release, activating inflammation by upregulation of nuclear factor κ B and inducing tumor necrosis factor α , and other molecular actions to maintain glucose homeostasis and mediate insulin sensitivity by a low calcium status, obesity, or by elevating serum levels of parathyroid hormone. These effects of vitamin D deficiency, either acting in concert or alone, all serve to increase insulin resistance. Although there is evidence to support a relationship between vitamin D status and insulin resistance, the underlying mechanism requires further exploration. The purpose of this paper was to review the current information available concerning the role of vitamin D in insulin resistance.

Cited by papers we hold 7

• The relationship between nutrition and the immune system · 2022
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• Trends in insulin resistance: insights into mechanisms and therapeutic strategy · 2022
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• The Molecular Mechanisms by Which Vitamin D Prevents Insulin Resistance and Associated Disorders · 2020
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• Analysis of Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Insulin Resistance · 2019
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• Association of serum vitamin D3 with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus · 2018
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• COMPONENTS OF THE METABOLIC SYNDROME IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF VITAMIN D: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY · 2017
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• Relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and risks of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination survey 2008-2010 · 2015
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