Physical activity in obesity and metabolic syndrome

Abstract

Biological aging is typically associated with a progressive increase in body fat mass and a loss of lean body mass. Owing to the metabolic consequences of reduced muscle mass, it is understood that normal aging and/or decreased physical activity may lead to a higher prevalence of metabolic disorders. Lifestyle modification, specifically changes in diet, physical activity, and exercise, is considered the cornerstone of obesity management. However, for most overweight people it is difficult to lose weight permanently through diet or exercise. Thus, prevention of weight gain is thought to be more effective than weight loss in reducing obesity rates. A key question is whether physical activity can extenuate age‐related weight gain and promote metabolic health in adults. Current guidelines suggest that adults should accumulate about 60 minutes of moderate‐intensity physical activity daily to prevent unhealthy weight gain. Because evidence suggests that resistance training may promote a negative energy balance and may change body fat distribution, it is possible that an increase in muscle mass after resistance training may be a key mediator leading to better metabolic control.

Shown for reading. Its publisher allows quoting it, not republishing it.

References 175

1. 1.

   Hunter GR, Lara-Castro C, Byrne NM, et al. Weight loss needed to maintain visceral adipose tissue during aging. Int. J. Body Comp. Res. 2005;3:55-61.

   Not in our library

2. 2.

   Wilson PWF, D'Augostino RB, Sullivan L, et al. Overweight and obesity as determinants of cardiovascular risk. The Framingham experience. Arch. Intern. Med. 2002;162:1867-1872.

   Not in our library10.1001/archinte.162.16.1867

3. 3.

   Body-mass index and cause-specific mortality in 900.000 adults: a collaborative analyses of 57 prospective studies. Lancet. 2009;373:1083-1096.

   Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(09)60318-4

4. 4.

   Mozaffarian D, Hao T, Rimm EB, et al. Changes in diet and lifestyle and long-term weight gain in women and men. N. Engl. J. Med. 2011;364:2392-2404.

   Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa1014296

5. 5.

   Powell KE, Paluch AE, Blair SN. Physical activity for health: what kind? How much? How intense? On top of what. Annu. Rev. Pub. Health. 2011;32:349-365.

   Not in our library10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031210-101151

6. 6.

   Ekelund U, Besson H, Luan J, et al. Physical activity and gain in abdominal adiposity and body weight: prospective cohort study in 288,498 men and women. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2011;93:826-835.

   Not in our library10.3945/ajcn.110.006593

7. 7.

   Manson JE, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ, et al. Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002;347:716-725.

   Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa021067

8. 8.

   Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Eriksson JG, et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyles among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001;344:1343-1350.

   Not in our library10.1056/nejm200105033441801

9. 9.

   Hahn V, Halle M, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, et al. Physical activity and the metabolic syndrome in elderly German men and women. Results from the population-based KORA-survey. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:511-513.

   Not in our library10.2337/dc08-1285

10. 10.

    Friedenreich CM, Neilson HK, Lynch BM. State of the epidemiological evidence on physical activity and cancer prevention. Eur. J. Cancer. 2010;46:2593-2604.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ejca.2010.07.028

11. 11.

    Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. US Department of Health and Human Services. 2008.

    Not in our library

12. 12.

    Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, et al. Physical activity and public health. A recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. JAMA. 1995;273:402-407.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.273.5.402

13. 13.

    Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al. Updated recommendation for adults from the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2007;116:1081-1093.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.107.185649

14. 14.

    Flegal KM, Carroll MD, Ogden CL. Prevalence of obesity and trends in the distribution of body mass index among US adults, 1999–2010. JAMA. 2012;307:491-497.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.2012.39

15. 15.

    Saris WH, Blair SN, van Baak MA, et al. How much physical activity is enough to prevent unhealthy weight gain? Outcome of the IASO 1st Stock Conference and consensus statement. Obes. Rev. 2003;4:101-114.

    Not in our library10.1046/j.1467-789x.2003.00101.x

16. 16.

    Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med. Sci. Sports Exer. 2009;41:459-471.

    Not in our library10.1249/mss.0b013e3181949333

17. 17.

    Dunstan DW, Barr ELM, Healy GN, et al. Television viewing time and mortality: the AusDiab study. Circulation. 2010;121:384-391.

    Not in our library10.1161/circulationaha.109.894824

18. 18.

    Katzmarzyk PT, Church TS, Craig CL, et al. Sitting time and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Med. Sci. Sports Exer. 2009;41:998-1005.

    Not in our library10.1249/mss.0b013e3181930355

19. 19.

    Tremblay MS, Colley RC, Saunders TJ, et al. Physiological and health implications of a sedentary lifestyle. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 2010;35:725-740.

    Not in our library10.1139/h10-079

20. 20.

    National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data 2003–2004, 2005–2006. 2010.

    Not in our library

21. 21.

    Owen N, Sparling PB, Healy GN, et al. Sedentary behavior: emerging evidence for a new health risk. Mayo Clin. Proc. 2010;85:1138-1141.

    Not in our library10.4065/mcp.2010.0444

22. 22.

    Hu FB, Leitzmann MF, Stampfer MJ, et al. Physical activity and television watching in relation to risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in men. Arch. Intern. Med. 2001;161:1542-1548.

    Not in our library10.1001/archinte.161.12.1542

23. 23.

    Healy GN, Wijndaele K, Dunstan DW, et al. Objectively measured sedentary time, physical activity, and metabolic risk: the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Diabetes Care. 2008;31:369-371.

    Not in our library10.2337/dc07-1795

24. 24.

    Matthews CE, George SM, Moore SC, et al. Amount of time spent in sedentary behaviors and cause-specific mortality in US adults. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2012;95:437-445.

    Not in our library10.3945/ajcn.111.019620

25. 25.

    Hamilton MT, Hamilton DG, Zderic TW. Role of low energy expenditure and sitting in obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Diabetes. 2007;56:2655-2667.

    Not in our library10.2337/db07-0882

26. 26.

    Manson JE, Greenland P, LaCroix AZ, et al. Walking compared with vigorous exercise for the prevention of cardiovascular events in women. N. Engl. J. Med. 2002;347:716-725.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa021067

27. 27.

    Manini TM, Everhart JE, Patel KV, et al. Daily activity energy expenditure and mortality among older adults. JAMA. 2006;296:171-179.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.296.2.171

28. 28.

    Matthews CE, Jurj AL, Shu XO, et al. Influence of exercise, walking, cycling, and overall nonerxercise physical activity on mortality in Chinese women. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2007;165:1343-1350.

    Not in our library10.1093/aje/kwm088

29. 29.

    Dunstan DW, Salmon J, Healy GN, et al. Association of television viewing with fasting and 2-h-postchallenge plasma glucose levels in adults without diagnosed diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:516-522.

    Not in our library10.2337/dc06-1996

30. 30.

    Ford ES, Li C, Zhao G, et al. Sedentary behavior, physical activity, and concentrations of insulin among US adults. Metabolism. 2010;59:1268-1275.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.metabol.2009.11.020

31. 31.

    Thorp AA, Healy GN, Owen N, et al. Deleterious associations of sitting time and television viewing time with cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers: Aus-Diab 2004–2005. Diabetes Care. 2010;33:327-334.

    Not in our library10.2337/dc09-0493

32. 32.

    Bey L, Hamilton MT. Suppression of skeletal muscle lipoprotein lipase activity during physical inactivity: a molecular reason to maintain daily low-intensity activity. J. Physiol. 2003;551:673-682.

    Not in our library10.1113/jphysiol.2003.045591

33. 33.

    Hamburg NM, McMackin CJ, Huang AL, et al. Physical inactivity rapidly induces insulin resistance and microvascular dysfunction in healthy volunteers. Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 2007;27:2650-2656.

    Not in our library10.1161/atvbaha.107.153288

34. 34.

    Hamilton MT, Hamilton DG, Zderic TW. Exercise physiology versus inactivity physiology: An essential concept for understanding lipoprotein lipase regulation. Exer. Sport Sci. Rev. 2004;32:161-166.

    Not in our library10.1097/00003677-200410000-00007

35. 35.

    Megeney LA, Neufer PD, Dohm PD, et al. Effects of muscle activity and fiber composition on glucose transport and GLUT-4. Am. J. Physiol. 1993;264:E583-E593.

    Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.1993.264.4.e583

36. 36.

    Healy GN, Dunstan DW, Salmon E, et al. Objectively measured light-intensity physical activity is independent associated with 2-h plasma glucose. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:1384-1389.

    Not in our library10.2337/dc07-0114

37. 37.

    Hu FB, Li TY, Colditz GA, et al. Television watching and other sedentary behaviors in relation to risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. JAMA. 2003;289:1785-1791.

    Not in our library10.1001/jama.289.14.1785

38. 38.

    Blanck HM, McCullough ML, Patel AV, et al. Sedentary behavior, recreational physical activity, and 7-year weight gain among postmenopausal US women. Obes. Res. 2007;15:1578-1588.

    Not in our library10.1038/oby.2007.187

39. 39.

    Fung TT, Hu FB, Yu J, et al. Leisure-time physical activity, television watching, and plasma biomarkers of obesity and cardiovascular disease risk. Am. J. Epidemiol. 2000;152:1171-1178.

    Not in our library10.1093/aje/152.12.1171

40. 40.

    Beunza JJ, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Ebrahim S, et al. Sedentary behaviors and risk of incident hypertension—the SUN cohort. Am. J. Hypert. 2007;20:1156-1162.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.amjhyper.2007.06.007

Cited by papers we hold 5

• The interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexity · 2024
  No notice
• Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus · 2020
  No notice
• Sarcopenia and Its Implications for Metabolic Health · 2019
  No notice
• Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome · 2019
  No notice
• Obesity-Associated Oxidative Stress: Strategies Finalized to Improve Redox State · 2013
  No notice

Reads

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.