The Itinerary of Autophagosomes: From Peripheral Formation to Kiss‐and‐Run Fusion with Lysosomes

Abstract

Macroautophagy, a constitutive process in higher eukaryotic cells, mediates degradation of many long‐lived proteins and organelles. The actual events occurring during the process in the dynamic system of a living cell have never been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to develop a live‐cell assay in which to follow the complete itinerary of an autophagosome. Our experiments show that autophagosomes are formed randomly in peripheral regions of the cell. They then move bidirectionally along microtubules, accumulating at the microtubule‐organizing centre, in a similar way to lysosomes. Their centripetal movement is dependent on the motor protein dynein and is important for their fusion with lysosomes. Initially, autophagosomes dock on to lysosomes, independent of lysosomal acidification. Two kinds of fusion then occur: complete fusions, creating a hybrid organelle, or more often kiss‐and‐run fusions, i.e. transfer of some content while still maintaining two separate vesicles. Surprisingly, the autophagolysosomal compartment seems to be more long lived than expected. Our study documents many aspects of autophagosome behaviour, adding to our understanding of the mechanism and control of autophagy. Indeed, although the formation of autophagosomes is completely different from any other vesicular structures, their later itinerary appears to be very similar to those of other trafficking pathways.

Shown for reading. Its publisher allows quoting it, not republishing it.

References 32

1. 1.

   This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

   Not in our library

2. 2.

   This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

   Not in our library

3. 3.

   This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

   Not in our library

4. 4.

   This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

   Not in our library

5. 5.

   This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

   Not in our library

6. 6.

   This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

   Not in our library

7. 7.

   This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

   Not in our library

8. 8.

   This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

   Not in our library

9. 9.

   This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

   Not in our library

10. 10.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

11. 11.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

12. 12.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

13. 13.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

14. 14.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

15. 15.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

16. 16.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

17. 17.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

18. 18.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

19. 19.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

20. 20.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

21. 21.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

22. 22.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

23. 23.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

24. 24.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

25. 25.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

26. 26.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

27. 27.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

28. 28.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

29. 29.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

30. 30.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

31. 31.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

32. 32.

    This reference’s wording can’t be shown under the paper’s licence.

    Not in our library

Cited by papers we hold 15

• Regulation of neuronal autophagy and the implications in neurodegenerative diseases · 2022
  Not checked
• Dual Role of Autophagy in Diseases of the Central Nervous System · 2019
  No notice
• Recent Insights into the Mitochondrial Role in Autophagy and Its Regulation by Oxidative Stress · 2019
  No notice
• Overexpression of <named-content content-type="genus-species">Plasmodium berghei</named-content> ATG8 by Liver Forms Leads to Cumulative Defects in Organelle Dynamics and to Generation of Noninfectious Merozoites · 2016
  Not checked
• Endolysosomes Are the Principal Intracellular Sites of Acid Hydrolase Activity · 2016
  No notice
• Cholesterol and ORP1L-mediated ER contact sites control autophagosome transport and fusion with the endocytic pathway · 2016
  No notice
• Autophagosome–lysosome fusion is independent of V-ATPase-mediated acidification · 2015
  No notice
• Cellular and Molecular Connections between Autophagy and Inflammation · 2015
  No notice
• Dopamine Oxidation and Autophagy · 2012
  No notice
• Unconventional Use of LC3 by Coronaviruses through the Alleged Subversion of the ERAD Tuning Pathway · 2011
  Not checked
• Autophagosome Precursor Maturation Requires Homotypic Fusion · 2011
  No notice
• Acetylated microtubules are required for fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes · 2010
  No notice
• Autophagy, a guardian against neurodegeneration · 2010
  No notice
• Regulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing by the Beclin 1 Complex · 2010
  No notice
• All-you-can-eat: autophagy in neurodegeneration and neuroprotection · 2009
  No notice

Reads

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.