Dyneins Across Eukaryotes: A Comparative Genomic Analysis

Abstract

Dyneins are large minus‐end‐directed microtubule motors. Each dynein contains at least one dynein heavy chain (DHC) and a variable number of intermediate chains (IC), light intermediate chains (LIC) and light chains (LC). Here, we used genome sequence data from 24 diverse eukaryotes to assess the distribution of DHCs, ICs, LICs and LCs across Eukaryota. Phylogenetic inference identified nine DHC families (two cytoplasmic and seven axonemal) and six IC families (one cytoplasmic). We confirm that dyneins have been lost from higher plants and show that this is most likely because of a single loss of cytoplasmic dynein 1 from the ancestor of Rhodophyta and Viridiplantae, followed by lineage‐specific losses of other families. Independent losses in Entamoeba mean that at least three extant eukaryotic lineages are entirely devoid of dyneins. Cytoplasmic dynein 2 is associated with intraflagellar transport (IFT), but in two chromalveolate organisms, we find an IFT footprint without the retrograde motor. The distribution of one family of outer‐arm dyneins accounts for 2‐headed or 3‐headed outer‐arm ultrastructures observed in different organisms. One diatom species builds motile axonemes without any inner‐arm dyneins (IAD), and the unexpected conservation of IAD I1 in non‐flagellate algae and LC8 (DYNLL1/2) in all lineages reveals a surprising fluidity to dynein function.

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    Felsenstein J. PHYLIP – Phylogeny Inference Package (version 3.2). Cladistics. 1989;5:164-166.

    Not in our library

92. 92.

    Swofford DL. Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony (*And Other Methods). 1998.

    Not in our library

93. 93.

    Lawrence CJ, Dawe RK, Christie KR, Cleveland DW, Dawson SC, Endow SA, Goldstein LSB, Goodson HV, Hirokawa N, Howard J, Malmberg RL, McIntosh JR, Miki H, Mitchison TJ, Okada Y, et al. A standardized kinesin nomenclature. J Cell Biol. 2004;167:19-22.

    Not in our library10.1083/jcb.200408113

94. 94.

    Soltis PS, Soltis DE. Applying the bootstrap in phylogeny reconstruction. Stat Sci. 2003;18:256-267.

    Not in our library

95. 95.

    Patel-King RS, Benashski SE, Harrison A, King SM. Two functional thioredoxins containing redox-sensitive vicinal dithiols from the Chlamydomonas outer dynein arm. Syst Biol. 1996;271:6283-6291.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.271.11.6283

Cited by papers we hold 5

• Cryo-EM of dynein microtubule-binding domains shows how an axonemal dynein distorts the microtubule · 2019
  Not checked
• Mechanisms of Chromosome Congression during Mitosis · 2017
  No notice
• Evolution and Classification of Myosins, a Paneukaryotic Whole-Genome Approach · 2014
  No notice
• Patterns of kinesin evolution reveal a complex ancestral eukaryote with a multifunctional cytoskeleton · 2010
  No notice
• Origin of the cell nucleus, mitosis and sex: roles of intracellular coevolution · 2010
  No notice

Reads

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.