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Caveolin‐1: an ambiguous partner in cell signalling and cancer

Andrew F. G. Quest, Jorge L. Gutierrez‐Pajares, Vicente A. Torres

Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · 2008 · Review

doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00331.x

Abstract

Introduction The caveolins Caveolin‐1 in cell physiology Caveolin‐1 in cancer Concluding remarks Caveolae are small plasma membrane invaginations that have been implicated in a variety of functions including transcytosis, potocytosis and cholesterol transport and signal transduction. The major protein component of this compartment is a family of proteins called caveolins. Experimental data obtained in knockout mice have provided unequivocal evidence for a requirement of caveolins to generate morphologically detectable caveolae structures. However, expression of caveolins is not sufficient per seto assure the presence of these structures. With respect to other roles attributed to caveolins in the regulation of cellular function, insights are even less clear. Here we will consider, more specifically, the data concerning the ambiguous roles ascribed to caveolin‐1 in signal transduction and cancer. In particular, evidence indicating that caveolin‐1 function is cell context dependent will be discussed.

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    Not in our library10.1111/j.1582-4934.2007.00083.x

  96. 96.

    Murata M, Peranen J, Schreiner R, Wieland F, Kurzchalia TV, Simons K. VIP21/caveolin is a cholesterol-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:10339-43.

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.92.22.10339

  97. 97.

    Fielding CJ, Fielding PE. Caveolae and intracellular trafficking of cholesterol. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2001;49:251-64.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0169-409x(01)00140-5

  98. 98.

    Schlegel A, Arvan P, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 binding to endoplasmic reticulum membranes and entry into the regulated secretory pathway are regulated by serine phosphorylation. Protein sorting at the level of the endoplasmic reticulum. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:4398-408.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m005448200

  99. 99.

    Pol A, Luetterforst R, Lindsay M, Heino S, Ikonen E, Parton RG. A caveolin dominant negative mutant associates with lipid bodies and induces intracellular cholesterol imbalance. J Cell Biol. 2001;152:1057-70.

    Not in our library10.1083/jcb.152.5.1057

  100. 100.

    Roy S, Luetterforst R, Harding A, Apolloni A, Etheridge M, Stang E, Rolls B, Hancock JF, Parton RG. Dominant-negative caveolin inhibits H-Ras function by disrupting cholesterol-rich plasma membrane domains. Nat Cell Biol. 1999;1:98-105.

    Not in our library10.1038/10067

  101. 101.

    Pike LJ. Growth factor receptors, lipid rafts and caveolae: an evolving story. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005;1746:260-73.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbamcr.2005.05.005

  102. 102.

    Magee T, Pirinen N, Adler J, Pagakis SN, Parmryd I. Lipid rafts: cell surface platforms for T cell signaling. Biol Res. 2002;35:127-31.

    Not in our library10.4067/s0716-97602002000200003

  103. 103.

    Faroudi M, Zaru R, Favier B, Valitutti S. New insights to the functional role of the T cell-antigen presenting cell immunological synapse. Biol Res. 2002;35:133-7.

    Not in our library10.4067/s0716-97602002000200004

  104. 104.

    Leyton L, Quest AF. Supramolecular complex formation in cell signaling and disease: an update on a recurrent theme in cell life and death. Biol Res. 2004;37:29-43.

    Not in our library10.4067/s0716-97602004000100004

  105. 105.

    Leyton L, Quest AF. Introduction to supramolecular complex formation in cell signaling and disease. Biol Res. 2002;35:117-25.

    Not in our library10.4067/s0716-97602002000200002

  106. 106.

    Hayashi K, Matsuda S, Machida K, Yamamoto T, Fukuda Y, Nimura Y, Hayakawa T, Hamaguchi M. Invasion activating caveolin-1 mutation in human scirrhous breast cancers. Cancer Res. 2001;61:2361-4.

    Not in our library

  107. 107.

    Lee H, Park DS, Razani B, Russell RG, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 mutations (P132L and null) and the pathogenesis of breast cancer: caveolin-1 (P132L) behaves in a dominant-negative manner and caveolin-1 (–/–) null mice show mammary epithelial cell hyperplasia. Am J Pathol. 2002;161:1357-69.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64412-4

  108. 108.

    Li T, Sotgia F, Vuolo MA, Li M, Yang WC, Pestell RG, Sparano JA, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 mutations in human breast cancer: functional association with estrogen receptor alpha-positive status. Am J Pathol. 2006;168:1998-2013.

    Not in our library10.2353/ajpath.2006.051089

  109. 109.

    Forbes A, Wadehra M, Mareninov S, Morales S, Shimazaki K, Gordon LK, Braun J. The tetraspan protein EMP2 regulates expression of caveolin-1. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:26542-51.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m702117200

  110. 110.

    Chen ST, Lin SY, Yeh KT, Kuo SJ, Chan WL, Chu YP, Chang JG. Mutational, epigenetic and expressional analyses of caveolin-1 gene in breast cancers. Int J Mol Med. 2004;14:577-82.

    Not in our library

  111. 111.

    Engelman JA, Zhang XL, Lisanti MR. Sequence and detailed organization of the human caveolin-1 and -2 genes located near the D7S522 locus (7q31.1). Methylation of a CpG island in the 5′ promoter region of the caveolin-1 gene in human breast cancer cell lines. FEBS Lett. 1999;448:221-30.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00365-8

  112. 112.

    Hirasawa Y, Arai M, Imazeki F, Tada M, Mikata R, Fukai K, Miyazaki M, Ochiai T, Saisho H, Yokosuka O. Methylation status of genes upregulated by demethylating agent 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncology. 2006;71:77-85.

    Not in our library10.1159/000100475

  113. 113.

    Lin SY, Yeh KT, Chen WT, Chen HC, Chen ST, Chang JG. Promoter CpG methylation of caveolin-1 in sporadic colorectal cancer. Anticancer Res. 2004;24:1645-50.

    Not in our library

  114. 114.

    Sunaga N, Miyajima K, Suzuki M, Sato M, White MA, Ramirez RD, Shay JW, Gazdar AF, Minna JD. Different roles for caveolin-1 in the development of non-small cell lung cancer versus small cell lung cancer. Cancer Res. 2004;64:4277-85.

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3941

  115. 115.

    Engelman JA, Zhang XL, Razani B, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. p42/44 MAP kinase-dependent and -independent signaling pathways regulate caveolin-1 gene expression. Activation of Ras-MAP kinase and protein kinase A signaling cascades transcriptionally down-regulates caveolin-1 promoter activity. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:32333-41.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.274.45.32333

  116. 116.

    Volonte D, Galbiati F, Lisanti MP. Visualization of caveolin-1, a caveolar marker protein, in living cells using green fluorescent protein (GFP) chimeras. The subcellular distribution of caveolin-1 is modulated by cell-cell contact. FEBS Lett. 1999;445:431-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0014-5793(99)00164-7

  117. 117.

    Galbiati F, Volonte D, Engelman JA, Watanabe G, Burk R, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Targeted downregulation of caveolin-1 is sufficient to drive cell transformation and hyperactivate the p42/44 MAP kinase cascade. EMBO J. 1998;17:6633-48.

    Not in our library10.1093/emboj/17.22.6633

  118. 118.

    Williams TM, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 in oncogenic transformation, cancer, and metastasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005;288:C494-506.

    Not in our library10.1152/ajpcell.00458.2004

  119. 119.

    Liu J, Lee P, Galbiati F, Kitsis RN, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 expression sensitizes fibroblastic and epithelial cells to apoptotic stimulation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2001;280:C823-35.

    Not in our library10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.4.c823

  120. 120.

    Xie Z, Zeng X, Waldman T, Glazer RI. Transformation of mammary epithelial cells by 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 activates beta-catenin and c-Myc, and down-regulates caveolin-1. Cancer Res. 2003;63:5370-5.

    Not in our library

  121. 121.

    Yang G, Truong LD, Timme TL, Ren C, Wheeler TM, Park SH, Nasu Y, Bangma CH, Kattan MW, Scardino PT, Thompson TC. Elevated expression of caveolin is associated with prostate and breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1998;4:1873-80.

    Not in our library

  122. 122.

    Van Den Heuvel AP, Schulze A, Burgering BM. Direct control of caveolin-1 expression by FOXO transcription factors. Biochem J. 2005;385:795-802.

    Not in our library10.1042/bj20041449

  123. 123.

    Chintharlapalli S, Smith R, Samudio I, Zhang W, Safe S. 1,1-Bis(3’-indolyl)-1-(p-substitutedphenyl)methanes induce peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-mediated growth inhibition, transactivation, and differentiation markers in colon cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2004;64:5994-6001.

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-0399

  124. 124.

    Bist A, Fielding CJ, Fielding PE. p53 regulates caveolin gene transcription, cell cholesterol, and growth by a novel mechanism. Biochemistry. 2000;39:1966-72.

    Not in our library10.1021/bi991721h

  125. 125.

    Deregowski V, Delhalle S, Benoit V, Bours V, Merville MP. Identification of cytokine-induced nuclear factor-kappaB target genes in ovarian and breast cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2002;64:873-81.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01151-6

  126. 126.

    Bist A, Fielding PE, Fielding CJ. Two sterol regulatory element-like sequences mediate up-regulation of caveolin gene transcription in response to low density lipoprotein free cholesterol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1997;94:10693-8.

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.94.20.10693

  127. 127.
  128. 128.

    Park DS, Razani B, Lasorella A, Schreiber-Agus N, Pestell RG, lavarone A, Lisanti MP. Evidence that Myc isoforms transcriptionally repress caveolin-1 gene expression via an INR-dependent mechanism. Biochemistry. 2001;40:3354-62.

    Not in our library10.1021/bi002787b

  129. 129.

    Timme TL, Goltsov A, Tahir S, Li L, Wang J, Ren C, Johnston RN, Thompson TC. Caveolin-1 is regulated by c-myc and suppresses c-myc-induced apoptosis. Oncogene. 2000;19:3256-65.

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.onc.1203654

  130. 130.

    Cao S, Fernandez-Zapico ME, Jin D, Puri V, Cook TA, Lerman LO, Zhu XY, Urrutia R, Shah V. KLF11-mediated repression antagonizes Sp1/sterol-responsive element-binding protein-induced transcriptional activation of caveolin-1 in response to cholesterol signaling. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:1901-10.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m407941200

  131. 131.

    Zschocke J, Manthey D, Bayatti N, Van Der Burg B, Goodenough S, Behl C. Estrogen receptor alpha-mediated silencing of caveolin gene expression in neu-ronal cells. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:38772-80.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m205664200

  132. 132.

    Sasai K, Kakumoto K, Hanafusa H, Akagi T. The Ras-MAPK pathway downregulates Caveolin-1 in rodent fibroblast but not in human fibroblasts: implications in the resistance to oncogene-mediated transformation. Oncogene. 2007;26:449-55.

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.onc.1209792

  133. 133.

    Rothberg KG, Heuser JE, Donzell WC, Ying YS, Glenney JR, Anderson RG. Caveolin, a protein component of caveolae membrane coats. Cell. 1992;68:673-82.

    Not in our library10.1016/0092-8674(92)90143-z

  134. 134.

    Dupree P, Parton RG, Raposo G, Kurzchalia TV, Simons K. Caveolae and sorting in the trans-Golgi network of epithelial cells. EMBO J. 1993;12:1597-605.

    Not in our library10.1002/j.1460-2075.1993.tb05804.x

  135. 135.

    Kurzchalia TV, Dupree P, Parton RG, Kellner R, Virta H, Lehnert M, Simons K. VIP21, a 21-kD membrane protein is an integral component of trans-Golgi-net-work-derived transport vesicles. J Cell Biol. 1992;118:1003-14.

    Not in our library10.1083/jcb.118.5.1003

  136. 136.

    Galbiati F, Razani B, Lisanti MP. Emerging themes in lipid rafts and caveolae. Cell. 2001;106:403-11.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0092-8674(01)00472-x

  137. 137.

    Park DS, Lee H, Frank PG, Razani B, Nguyen AV, Parlow AF, Russell RG, Hulit J, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1-deficient mice show accelerated mammary gland development during pregnancy, premature lactation, and hyperactivation of the Jak-2/STAT5a signaling cascade. Mol Biol Cell. 2002;13:3416-30.

    Not in our library10.1091/mbc.02-05-0071

  138. 138.

    Insel PA, Patel HH. Do studies in caveolin-knockouts teach us about physiology and pharmacology or instead, the ways mice compensate for ‘lost proteins’? Br J Pharmacol. 2007;150:251-4.

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.bjp.0706981

  139. 139.

    Fernandez MA, Albor C, Ingelmo-Torres M, Nixon SJ, Ferguson C, Kurzchalia T, Tebar F, Enrich C, Parton RG, Pol A. Caveolin-1 is essential for liver regeneration. Science. 2006;313:1628-32.

    Not in our library10.1126/science.1130773

  140. 140.

    Park DS, Cohen AW, Frank PG, Razani B, Lee H, Williams TM, Chandra M, Shirani J, De Souza AP, Tang B, Jelicks LA, Factor SM, Weiss LM, Tanowitz HB, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 null (–/–) mice show dramatic reductions in life span. Biochemistry. 2003;42:15124-31.

    Not in our library10.1021/bi0356348

  141. 141.

    Koleske AJ, Baltimore D, Lisanti MP. Reduction of caveolin and caveolae in oncogenically transformed cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:1381-5.

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.92.5.1381

  142. 142.

    Engelman JA, Wykoff CC, Yasuhara S, Song KS, Okamoto T, Lisanti MP. Recombinant expression of caveolin-1 in oncogenically transformed cells abrogates anchorage-independent growth. J Biol Chem. 1997;272:16374-81.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.272.26.16374

  143. 143.

    Torres VA, Tapia JC, Rodriguez DA, Parraga M, Lisboa P, Montoya M, Leyton L, Quest AF. Caveolin-1 controls cell proliferation and cell death by suppressing expression of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin. J Cell Sci. 2006;119:1812-23.

    Not in our library10.1242/jcs.02894

  144. 144.

    Galbiati F, Volonte D, Brown AM, Weinstein DE, Ben-Ze’ev A, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 expression inhibits Wnt/beta-catenin/Lef-1 signaling by recruiting beta-catenin to caveolae membrane domains. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:23368-77.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m002020200

  145. 145.

    Galbiati F, Volonte D, Liu J, Capozza F, Frank PG, Zhu L, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 expression negatively regulates cell cycle progression by inducing G(0)/G(1) arrest via a p53/p21(WAF1/Cip1)-dependent mechanism. Mol Biol Cell. 2001;12:2229-44.

    Not in our library10.1091/mbc.12.8.2229

  146. 146.

    Volonte D, Zhang K, Lisanti MP, Galbiati F. Expression of caveolin-1 induces premature cellular senescence in primary cultures of murine fibroblasts. Mol Biol Cell. 2002;13:2502-17.

    Not in our library10.1091/mbc.01-11-0529

  147. 147.

    Dasari A, Bartholomew JN, Volonte D, Galbiati F. Oxidative stress induces premature senescence by stimulating caveolin-1 gene transcription through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase/Sp1-mediated activation of two GC-rich promoter elements. Cancer Res. 2006;66:10805-14.

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-1236

  148. 148.

    Isshiki M, Ando J, Yamamoto K, Fujita T, Ying Y, Anderson RG. Sites of Ca(2+) wave initiation move with caveolae to the trailing edge of migrating cells. J Cell Sci. 2002;115:475-84.

    Not in our library10.1242/jcs.115.3.475

  149. 149.

    Isshiki M, Ying YS, Fujita T, Anderson RG. A molecular sensor detects signal transduction from caveolae in living cells. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:43389-98.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m205411200

  150. 150.

    Fujimoto T. Calcium pump of the plasma membrane is localized in caveolae. J Cell Biol. 1993;120:1147-57.

    Not in our library10.1083/jcb.120.5.1147

  151. 151.

    Gherghiceanu M, Popescu LM. Caveolar nanospaces in smooth muscle cells. J Cell Mol Med. 2006;10:519-28.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00417.x

  152. 152.

    Daniel EE, El-Yazbi A, Cho WJ. Caveolae and calcium handling, a review and a hypothesis. J Cell Mol Med. 2006;10:529-44.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1582-4934.2006.tb00418.x

  153. 153.

    Murata T, Lin MI, Stan RV, Bauer PM, Yu J, Sessa WC. Genetic evidence supporting caveolae microdomain regulation of calcium entry in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:16631-43.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m607948200

  154. 154.

    Lu Z, Ghosh S, Wang Z, Hunter T. Downregulation of caveolin-1 function by EGF leads to the loss of E-cadherin, increased transcriptional activity of beta-catenin, and enhanced tumor cell invasion. Cancer Cell. 2003;4:499-515.

    Not in our library10.1016/s1535-6108(03)00304-0

  155. 155.

    Hulit J, Bash T, Fu M, Galbiati F, Albanese C, Sage DR, Schlegel A, Zhurinsky J, Shtutman M, Ben-Ze’ev A, Lisanti MP, Pestell RG. The cyclin D1 gene is transcriptionally repressed by caveolin-1. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:21203-9.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m000321200

  156. 156.

    Torres VA, Tapia JC, Rodriguez DA, Lladser A, Arredondo C, Leyton L, Quest AF. E-cadherin is required for caveolin-1-mediated down-regulation of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein survivin via reduced {beta}-catenin-tcf/lef-dependent transcription. Mol Cell Biol. 2007;27:7703-17.

    Not in our library10.1128/mcb.01991-06

  157. 157.

    Lu Z, Hunter T. Wnt-Independent beta-catenin transactivation in tumor development. Cell Cycle. 2004;3:571-3.

    Not in our library

  158. 158.

    Peinado H, Portillo F, Cano A. Transcriptional regulation of cadherins during development and carcinogenesis. Int J Dev Biol. 2004;48:365-75.

    Not in our library10.1387/ijdb.041794hp

  159. 159.

    Potter E, Bergwitz C, Brabant G. The cadherin-catenin system: implications for growth and differentiation of endocrine tissues. Endocr Rev. 1999;20:207-39.

    Not in our library10.1210/edrv.20.2.0362

  160. 160.

    Hirohashi S, Kanai Y. Cell adhesion system and human cancer morphogenesis. Cancer Sci. 2003;94:575-81.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1349-7006.2003.tb01485.x

  161. 161.

    Miotti S, Tomassetti A, Facetti I, Sanna E, Berno V, Canevari S. Simultaneous expression of caveolin-1 and E-cadherin in ovarian carcinoma cells stabilizes adherens junctions through inhibition of src-related kinases. Am J Pathol. 2005;167:1411-27.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0002-9440(10)61228-x

  162. 162.

    Wong NA, Pignatelli M. Beta-catenin – a linchpin in colorectal carcinogenesis? Am J Pathol. 2002;160:389-401.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64856-0

  163. 163.

    Bender FC, Reymond MA, Bron C, Quest AF. Caveolin-1 levels are down-regulated in human colon tumors, and ectopic expression of caveolin-1 in colon carcinoma cell lines reduces cell tumorigenicity. Cancer Res. 2000;60:5870-8.

    Not in our library

  164. 164.

    Li J, Hassan GS, Williams TM, Minetti C, Pestell RG, Tanowitz HB, Frank PG, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Loss of caveolin-1 causes the hyper-proliferation of intestinal crypt stem cells, with increased sensitivity to whole body gamma-radiation. Cell Cycle. 2005;4:1817-25.

    Not in our library10.4161/cc.4.12.2199

  165. 165.

    Sotgia F, Williams TM, Cohen AW, Minetti C, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1-deficient mice have an increased mammary stem cell population with upregulation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Cell Cycle. 2005;4:1808-16.

    Not in our library10.4161/cc.4.12.2198

  166. 166.

    Cao H, Courchesne WE, Mastick CC. A phosphotyrosine-dependent protein interaction screen reveals a role for phosphorylation of caveolin-1 on tyrosine 14: recruitment of C-terminal Src kinase. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:8771-4.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.c100661200

  167. 167.

    Cao H, Sanguinetti AR, Mastick CC. Oxidative stress activates both Src-kinases and their negative regulator Csk and induces phosphorylation of two targeting proteins for Csk: caveolin-1 and paxillin. Exp Cell Res. 2004;294:159-71.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.yexcr.2003.11.010

  168. 168.

    Labrecque L, Nyalendo C, Langlois S, Durocher Y, Roghi C, Murphy G, Gingras D, Beliveau R. Src-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 induces its association with membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:52132-40.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m409617200

  169. 169.

    Del Pozo MA, Schwartz MA. Rac, membrane heterogeneity, caveolin and regulation of growth by integrins. Trends Cell Biol. 2007;17:246-50.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.tcb.2007.03.001

  170. 170.

    Williams TM, Lee H, Cheung MW, Cohen AW, Razani B, Iyengar P, Scherer PE, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Combined loss of INK4a and caveolin-1 synergisti-cally enhances cell proliferation and oncogene-induced tumorigenesis: role of INK4a/CAV-1 in mammary epithelial cell hyperplasia. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:24745-56.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m402064200

  171. 171.

    Roussel E, Belanger MM, Couet J. G2/M blockade by paclitaxel induces caveolin-1 expression in A549 lung cancer cells: caveolin-1 as a marker of cytotoxicity. Anticancer Drugs. 2004;15:961-7.

    Not in our library10.1097/00001813-200411000-00005

  172. 172.

    Gargalovic P, Dory L. Cellular apoptosis is associated with increased caveolin-1 expression in macrophages. J Lipid Res. 2003;44:1622-32.

    Not in our library10.1194/jlr.m300140-jlr200

  173. 173.

    Peterson TE, Guicciardi ME, Gulati R, Kleppe LS, Mueske CS, Mookadam M, Sowa G, Gores GJ, Sessa WC, Simari RD. Caveolin-1 can regulate vascular smooth muscle cell fate by switching platelet-derived growth factor signaling from a proliferative to an apoptotic pathway. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2003;23:1521-7.

    Not in our library10.1161/01.atv.0000081743.35125.05

  174. 174.

    Ono K, Iwanaga Y, Hirayama M, Kawamura T, Sowa N, Hasegawa K. Contribution of caveolin-1 alpha and Akt to TNF-alpha-induced cell death. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2004;287:L201-9.

    Not in our library10.1152/ajplung.00293.2003

  175. 175.

    Shack S, Wang XT, Kokkonen GC, Gorospe M, Longo DL, Holbrook NJ. Caveolin-induced activation of the phos-phatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway increases arsenite cytotoxicity. Mol Cell Biol. 2003;23:2407-14.

    Not in our library10.1128/mcb.23.7.2407-2414.2003

  176. 176.

    Zundel W, Swiersz LM, Giaccia A. Caveolin 1-mediated regulation of receptor tyrosine kinase-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity by ceramide. Mol Cell Biol. 2000;20:1507-14.

    Not in our library10.1128/mcb.20.5.1507-1514.2000

  177. 177.

    Shajahan AN, Wang A, Decker M, Minshall RD, Liu MC, Clarke R. Caveolin-1 tyrosine phosphorylation enhances paclitaxel-mediated cytotoxicity. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:5934-43.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m608857200

  178. 178.

    Altieri DC. Validating survivin as a cancer therapeutic target. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3:46-54.

    Not in our library10.1038/nrc968

  179. 179.

    Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. The hallmarks of cancer. Cell. 2000;100:57-70.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81683-9

  180. 180.

    Wikman H, Kettunen E, Seppanen JK, Karjalainen A, Hollmen J, Anttila S, Knuutila S. Identification of differentially expressed genes in pulmonary adenocarcinoma by using cDNA array. Oncogene. 2002;21:5804-13.

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.onc.1205726

  181. 181.

    Racine C, Belanger M, Hirabayashi H, Boucher M, Chakir J, Couet J. Reduction of caveolin 1 gene expression in lung carcinoma cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999;255:580-6.

    Not in our library10.1006/bbrc.1999.0236

  182. 182.

    Lee SW, Reimer CL, Oh P, Campbell DB, Schnitzer JE. Tumor cell growth inhibition by caveolin re-expression in human breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 1998;16:1391-7.

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.onc.1201661

  183. 183.

    Wiechen K, Diatchenko L, Agoulnik A, Scharff KM, Schober H, Arlt K, Zhumabayeva B, Siebert PD, Dietel M, Schafer R, Sers C. Caveolin-1 is down-regulated in human ovarian carcinoma and acts as a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Am J Pathol. 2001;159:1635-43.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63010-6

  184. 184.

    Wiechen K, Sers C, Agoulnik A, Arlt K, Dietel M, Schlag PM, Schneider U. Down-regulation of caveolin-1, a candidate tumor suppressor gene, in sarcomas. Am J Pathol. 2001;158:833-9.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64031-x

  185. 185.

    Cantiani L, Manara MC, Zucchini C, De Sanctis P, Zuntini M, Valvassori L, Serra M, Olivero M, Di Renzo MF, Colombo MP, Picci P, Scotlandi K. Caveolin-1 reduces osteosarcoma metastases by inhibiting c-Src activity and met signaling. Cancer Res. 2007;67:7675-85.

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4697

  186. 186.

    Bartz R, Zhou J, Hsieh JT, Ying Y, Li W, Liu P. Caveolin-1 secreting LNCaP cells induce tumor growth of caveolin-1 negative LNCaP cells in vivo. Int J Cancer. 2007;122:520-5.

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.23142

  187. 187.

    Karam JA, Lotan Y, Roehrborn CG, Ashfaq R, Karakiewicz PI, Shariat SF. Caveolin-1 overexpression is associated with aggressive prostate cancer recurrence. Prostate. 2007;67:614-22.

    Not in our library10.1002/pros.20557

  188. 188.

    Li L, Yang G, Ebara S, Satoh T, Nasu Y, Timme TL, Ren C, Wang J, Tahir SA, Thompson TC. Caveolin-1 mediates testosterone-stimulated survival/clonal growth and promotes metastatic activities in prostate cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2001;61:4386-92.

    Not in our library

  189. 189.

    Tahir SA, Yang G, Ebara S, Timme TL, Satoh T, Li L, Goltsov A, Ittmann M, Morrisett JD, Thompson TC. Secreted caveolin-1 stimulates cell survival/clonal growth and contributes to metastasis in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer. Cancer Res. 2001;61:3882-5.

    Not in our library

  190. 190.

    Yang G, Addai J, Wheeler TM, Frolov A, Miles BJ, Kadmon D, Thompson TC. Correlative evidence that prostate cancer cell-derived caveolin-1 mediates angiogen-esis. Hum Pathol. 2007;38:1688-95.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.humpath.2007.03.024

  191. 191.

    Williams TM, Cheung MW, Park DS, Razani B, Cohen AW, Muller WJ, Di Vizio D, Chopra NG, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Loss of caveolin-1 gene expression accelerates the development of dysplastic mammary lesions in tumor-prone transgenic mice. Mol Biol Cell. 2003;14:1027-42.

    Not in our library10.1091/mbc.e02-08-0503

  192. 192.

    Capozza F, Williams TM, Schubert W, McClain S, Bouzahzah B, Sotgia F, Lisanti MP. Absence of caveolin-1 sensitizes mouse skin to carcinogen-induced epidermal hyperplasia and tumor formation. Am J Pathol. 2003;162:2029-39.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64335-0

  193. 193.

    Lin MI, Yu J, Murata T, Sessa WC. Caveolin-1-deficient mice have increased tumor microvascular permeability, angiogenesis, and growth. Cancer Res. 2007;67:2849-56.

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4082

  194. 194.

    Hurlstone AF, Reid G, Reeves JR, Fraser J, Strathdee G, Rahilly M, Parkinson EK, Black DM. Analysis of the CAVEOLIN-1 gene at human chromosome 7q31.1 in primary tumours and tumour-derived cell lines. Oncogene. 1999;18:1881-90.

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.onc.1202491

  195. 195.

    Hatanaka M, Maeda T, Ikemoto T, Mori H, Seya T, Shimizu A. Expression of caveolin-1 in human T cell leukemia cell lines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1998;253:382-7.

    Not in our library10.1006/bbrc.1998.9744

  196. 196.

    Lavie Y, Liscovitch M. Changes in lipid and protein constituents of rafts and caveolae in multidrug resistant cancer cells and their functional consequences. Glycoconj J. 2000;17:253-9.

    Not in our library10.1023/a:1026553626537

  197. 197.

    Lavie Y, Fiucci G, Liscovitch M. Up-regulation of caveolae and caveolar constituents in multidrug-resistant cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:32380-3.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.273.49.32380

  198. 198.

    Fiucci G, Ravid D, Reich R, Liscovitch M. Caveolin-1 inhibits anchorage-independent growth, anoikis and invasiveness in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 2002;21:2365-75.

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.onc.1205300

  199. 199.

    Ravid D, Maor S, Werner H, Liscovitch M. Caveolin-1 inhibits anoikis and promotes survival signaling in cancer cells. Adv Enzyme Regul. 2006;46:163-75.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.advenzreg.2006.01.022

  200. 200.

    Garcia S, Dales JP, Charafe-Jauffret E, Carpentier-Meunier S, Andrac-Meyer L, Jacquemier J, Andonian C, Lavaut MN, Allasia C, Bonnier P, Charpin C. Poor prognosis in breast carcinomas correlates with increased expression of targetable CD146 and c-Met and with proteomic basal-like phenotype. Hum Pathol. 2007;38:830-41.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.humpath.2006.11.015

  201. 201.

    Savage K, Lambros MB, Robertson D, Jones RL, Jones C, Mackay A, James M, Hornick JL, Pereira EM, Milanezi F, Fletcher CD, Schmitt FC, Ashworth A, Reis-Filho JS. Caveolin 1 is overex-pressed and amplified in a subset of basal-like and metaplastic breast carcinomas: a morphologic, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical, and in situ hybridization analysis. Clin Cancer Res. 2007;13:90-101.

    Not in our library10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1371

  202. 202.

    Ho CC, Kuo SH, Huang PH, Huang HY, Yang CH, Yang PC. Caveolin-1 expression is significantly associated with drug resistance and poor prognosis in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. Lung Cancer. 2008;59:105-10.

    Not in our library10.1016/j.lungcan.2007.07.024

  203. 203.

    Ando T, Ishiguro H, Kimura M, Mitsui A, Mori Y, Sugito N, Tomoda K, Mori R, Harada K, Katada T, Ogawa R, Fujii Y, Kuwabara Y. The overexpression of caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 correlates with a poor prognosis and tumor progression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep. 2007;18:601-9.

    Not in our library

  204. 204.

    Burgermeister E, Xing X, Rocken C, Juhasz M, Chen J, Hiber M, Mair K, Shatz M, Liscovitch M, Schmid RM, Ebert MP. Differential expression and function of caveolin-1 in human gastric cancer progression. Cancer Res. 2007;67:8519-26.

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-07-1125

  205. 205.

    Beardsley A, Fang K, Mertz H, Castranova V, Friend S, Liu J. Loss of caveolin-1 polarity impedes endothelial cell polarization and directional movement. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:3541-7.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m409040200

  206. 206.

    Parat MO, Anand-Apte B, Fox PL. Differential caveolin-1 polarization in endothelial cells during migration in two and three dimensions. Mol Biol Cell. 2003;14:3156-68.

    Not in our library10.1091/mbc.e02-11-0761

  207. 207.

    Santilman V, Baran J, Anand-Apte B, Evans RM, Parat MO. Caveolin-1 polarization in transmigrating endothelial cells requires binding to intermediate filaments. Angiogenesis. 2007;10:297-305.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10456-007-9083-z

  208. 208.

    Grande-Garcia A, Echarri A, de Rooij J, Alderson NB, Waterman-Storer CM, Valdivielso JM, del Pozo MA. Caveolin-1 regulates cell polarization and directional migration through Src kinase and Rho GTPases. J Cell Biol. 2007;177:683-94.

    Not in our library10.1083/jcb.200701006

  209. 209.

    Santilman V, Baran J, Anand-Apte B, Fox PL, Parat MO. Caveolin-1 polarization in migrating endothelial cells is directed by substrate topology not chemoattractant gradient. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton. 2006;63:673-80.

    Not in our library10.1002/cm.20153

  210. 210.

    Cho KA, Ryu SJ, Oh YS, Park JH, Lee JW, Kim HP, Kim KT, Jang IS, Park SC. Morphological adjustment of senescent cells by modulating caveolin-1 status. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:42270-8.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m402352200

  211. 211.

    Aoki T, Nomura R, Fujimoto T. Tyrosine phosphorylation of caveolin-1 in the endothelium. Exp Cell Res. 1999;253:629-36.

    Not in our library10.1006/excr.1999.4652

  212. 212.

    Nomura R, Fujimoto T. Tyrosine-phos-phorylated caveolin-1: immunolocalization and molecular characterization. Mol Biol Cell. 1999;10:975-86.

    Not in our library10.1091/mbc.10.4.975

  213. 213.

    Tourkina E, Gooz P, Pannu J, Bonner M, Scholz D, Hacker S, Silver RM, Trojanowska M, Hoffman S. Opposing effects of protein kinase Calpha and protein kinase Cepsilon on collagen expression by human lung fibroblasts are mediated via MEK/ERK and caveolin-1 signaling. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:13879-87.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m412551200

  214. 214.

    Llaverias G, Vazquez-Carrera M, Sanchez RM, Noe V, Ciudad CJ, Laguna JC, Alegret M. Rosiglitazone upregulates caveolin-1 expression in THP-1 cells through a PPAR-dependent mechanism. J Lipid Res. 2004;45:2015-24.

    Not in our library10.1194/jlr.m400049-jlr200

  215. 215.

    Fawzi-Grancher S, Sun RJ, Traore M, Stoltz JF, Muller S. Role of Ca2+ in the effects of shear stress and TNF-alpha on caveolin-1 expression. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2005;33:253-61.

    Not in our library

  216. 216.

    Kathuria H, Cao YX, Ramirez MI, Williams MC. Transcription of the caveolin-1 gene is differentially regulated in lung type I epithelial and endothelial cell lines. A role for ETS proteins in epithelial cell expression. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:30028-36.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m402236200

  217. 217.

    Lei MG, Tan X, Qureshi N, Morrison DC. Regulation of cellular caveolin-1 protein expression in murine macrophages by microbial products. Infect Immun. 2005;73:8136-43.

    Not in our library10.1128/iai.73.12.8136-8143.2005

  218. 218.

    Yang FL, He H, Liu XX, Tu B, Zeng XW, Su JX, Wang X, Hu Q. Effects of raloxifene on caveolin-1 mRNA and protein expressions in vascular smooth muscle cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai). 2006;38:747-52.

    Not in our library10.1111/j.1745-7270.2006.00222.x

  219. 219.

    Kim HP, Wang X, Nakao A, Kim SI, Murase N, Choi ME, Ryter SW, Choi AM. Caveolin-1 expression by means of p38beta mitogen-activated protein kinase mediates the antiproliferative effect of carbon monoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:11319-24.

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.0501345102

  220. 220.

    Park DS, Lee H, Riedel C, Hulit J, Scherer PE, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Prolactin negatively regulates caveolin-1 gene expression in the mammary gland during lactation, via a Ras-dependent mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2001;276:48389-97.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m108210200

  221. 221.

    Liu J, Razani B, Tang S, Terman BI, Ware JA, Lisanti MP. Angiogenesis activators and inhibitors differentially regulate caveolin-1 expression and caveolae formation in vascular endothelial cells. Angiogenesis inhibitors block vascular endothelial growth factor-induced down-regulation of caveolin-1. J Biol Chem. 1999;274:15781-5.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.274.22.15781

  222. 222.

    Razani B, Altschuler Y, Zhu L, Pestell RG, Mostov KE, Lisanti MP. Caveolin-1 expression is down-regulated in cells transformed by the human papilloma virus in a p53-dependent manner. Replacement of caveolin-1 expression suppresses HPV-mediated cell transformation. Biochemistry. 2000;39:13916-24.

    Not in our library10.1021/bi001489b

  223. 223.

    Engelman JA, Lee RJ, Karnezis A, Bearss DJ, Webster M, Siegel P, Muller WJ, Windle JJ, Pestell RG, Lisanti MP. Reciprocal regulation of neu tyrosine kinase activity and caveolin-1 protein expression in vitro and in vivo. Implications for human breast cancer. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:20448-55.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.273.32.20448

  224. 224.

    Zschocke J, Bayatti N, Behl C. Caveolin and GLT-1 gene expression is reciprocally regulated in primary astrocytes: association of GLT-1 with non-caveolar lipid rafts. Glia. 2005;49:275-87.

    Not in our library10.1002/glia.20116

  225. 225.

    Syed V, Mukherjee K, Lyons-Weiler J, Lau KM, Mashima T, Tsuruo T, Ho SM. Identification of ATF-3, caveolin-1, DLC-1, and NM23-H2 as putative antitumorigenic, progesterone-regulated genes for ovarian cancer cells by gene profiling. Oncogene. 2005;24:1774-87.

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.onc.1207991

  226. 226.

    Burgermeister E, Tencer L, Liscovitch M. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma upregulates caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 expression in human carcinoma cells. Oncogene. 2003;22:3888-900.

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.onc.1206625

  227. 227.

    Wu D, Terrian DM. Regulation of caveolin-1 expression and secretion by a protein kinase cepsilon signaling pathway in human prostate cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:40449-55.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m206270200

  228. 228.

    Bagnoli M, Tomassetti A, Figini M, Flati S, Dolo V, Canevari S, Miotti S. Downmodulation of caveolin-1 expression in human ovarian carcinoma is directly related to alpha-folate receptor overex-pression. Oncogene. 2000;19:4754-63.

    Not in our library10.1038/sj.onc.1203839

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