Paracrinicity: The Story of 30 Years of Cellular Pituitary Crosstalk

Abstract

Living organisms represent, in essence, dynamic interactions of high complexity between membrane‐separated compartments that cannot exist on their own, but reach behaviour in co‐ordination. In multicellular organisms, there must be communication and co‐ordination between individual cells and cell groups to achieve appropriate behaviour of the system. Depending on the mode of signal transportation and the target, intercellular communication is neuronal, hormonal, paracrine or juxtacrine. Cell signalling can also be self‐targeting or autocrine. Although the notion of paracrine and autocrine signalling was already suggested more than 100 years ago, it is only during the last 30 years that these mechanisms have been characterised. In the anterior pituitary, paracrine communication and autocrine loops that operate during fetal and postnatal development in mammals and lower vertebrates have been shown in all hormonal cell types and in folliculo‐stellate cells. More than 100 compounds have been identified that have, or may have, paracrine or autocrine actions. They include the neurotransmitters acetylcholine and γ‐aminobutyric acid, peptides such as vasoactive intestinal peptide, galanin, endothelins, calcitonin, neuromedin B and melanocortins, growth factors of the epidermal growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, nerve growth factor and transforming growth factor‐β families, cytokines, tissue factors such as annexin‐1 and follistatin, hormones, nitric oxide, purines, retinoids and fatty acid derivatives. In addition, connective tissue cells, endothelial cells and vascular pericytes may influence paracrinicity by delivering growth factors, cytokines, heparan sulphate proteoglycans and proteases. Basement membranes may influence paracrine signalling through the binding of signalling molecules to heparan sulphate proteoglycans. Paracrine/autocrine actions are highly context‐dependent. They are turned on/off when hormonal outputs need to be adapted to changing demands of the organism, such as during reproduction, stress, inflammation, starvation and circadian rhythms. Specificity and selectivity in autocrine/paracrine interactions may rely on microanatomical specialisations, functional compartmentalisation in receptor–ligand distribution and the non‐equilibrium dynamics of the receptor–ligand interactions in the loops.

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     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1110483

108. 108.

     Begeot M, Morel G, Rivest RW, Aubert ML, Dubois MP, Dubois PM. Influence of gonadoliberin on the differentiation of rat gonadotrophs: an in vivo and in vitro study. Neuroendocrinology. 1984;38:217-225.

     Not in our library10.1159/000123894

109. 109.

     Kudo A, Park MK, Kawashima S. Effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) on the cytodifferentiation of gonadotropes in rat adenohypophysial primordia in organ culture. Cell Tissue Res. 1994;276:35-43.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00354782

110. 110.

     Seuntjens E, Vankelecom H, Quaegebeur A, Vande Vijver V, Denef C. Targeted ablation of gonadotrophs in transgenic mice affects embryonic development of lactotrophs. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1999;150:129-139.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00011-8

111. 111.

     Vankelecom H, Seuntjens E, Hauspie A, Denef C. Targeted ablation of gonadotrophs in transgenic mice depresses prolactin but not growth hormone gene expression at birth as measured by quantitative mRNA detection. J Biomed Sci. 2003;10:805-812.

     Not in our library10.1159/000073968

112. 112.

     Kendall SK, Saunders TL, Jin L, Lloyd RV, Glode LM, Nett TM, Keri RA, Nilson JH, Camper SA. Targeted ablation of pituitary gonadotropes in transgenic mice. Mol Endocrinol. 1991;5:2025-2036.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend-5-12-2025

113. 113.

     Burrows HL, Birkmeier TS, Seasholtz AF, Camper SA. Targeted ablation of cells in the pituitary primordia of transgenic mice. Mol Endocrinol. 1996;10:1467-1477.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend.10.11.8923471

114. 114.

     Chabot V, Gauthier C, Combarnous Y, Taragnat C. Stimulating effect of glycoprotein hormone free alpha-subunit and daily gonadotropin releasing hormone treatment on prolactin release from 50-day ovine foetal pituitary explants. J Neuroendocrinol. 2001;13:199-208.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00614.x

115. 115.

     Stanley HF, Curtis A, Sheward WJ, Roberts JL, Fink G. Prolactin messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the normal and hypogonadal mouse pituitary gland. Endocrinology. 1986;119:2422-2426.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-119-6-2422

116. 116.

     Tilemans D, Andries M, Denef C. Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and neuropeptide Y influence deoxyribonucleic acid replication in three anterior pituitary cell types. Evidence for mediation by growth factors released from gonadotrophs. Endocrinology. 1992;130:882-894.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.130.2.1310281

117. 117.

     Van Bael A, Proesmans M, Tilemans D, Denef C. Interaction of LHRH with growth hormone-releasing factor-dependent and -independent postnatal development of somatotrophs in rat pituitary cell aggregates. J Mol Endocrinol. 1995;14:91-100.

     Not in our library10.1677/jme.0.0140091

118. 118.

     Van Bael A, Huygen R, Himpens B, Denef C. In vitro evidence that LHRH stimulates the recruitment of prolactin mRNA-expressing cells during the postnatal period in the rat. J Mol Endocrinol. 1994;12:107-118.

     Not in our library10.1677/jme.0.0120107

119. 119.

     Hauspie A, Seuntjens E, Vankelecom H, Denef C. Stimulation of combinatorial expression of prolactin and glycoprotein hormone α-subunit genes by gonadotropin-releasing hormone and estradiol-17β in single rat pituitary cells during aggregate cell culture. Endocrinology. 2003;144:388-399.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2002-220606

120. 120.

     Van Bael A, Vande VV, Devreese B, Van Beeumen J, Denef C. N-terminal 10- and 12-kDa POMC fragments stimulate differentiation of lactotrophs. Peptides. 1996;17:1219-1228.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0196-9781(96)00175-1

121. 121.

     Tilemans D, Andries M, Proost P, Devreese B, Van Beeumen J, Denef C. In vitro evidence that an 11-kilodalton N-terminal fragment of proopiomelanocortin is a growth factor specifically stimulating the development of lactotrophs in rat pituitary during postnatal life. Endocrinology. 1994;135:168-174.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.135.1.8013350

122. 122.

     Asch RH, Rojas FJ, Bartke A, Schally AV, Tice TR, Klemcke HG, Siler-Khodr TM, Bray RE, Hogan MP. Prolonged suppression of plasma LH levels in male rats after a single injection of an LH-RH agonist in poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) microcapsules. J Androl. 1985;6:83-88.

     Not in our library10.1002/j.1939-4640.1985.tb00821.x

123. 123.

     Steele MK, Myers LS. In vivo studies on paracrine actions of pituitary angiotensin II in stimulating prolactin release in rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1990;258:E619-E624.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.1990.258.4.e619

124. 124.

     Sellers KJ, Smith MS, Rojas FJ, Asch RH, Schally AV, Bartke A. Effects of a long-acting LHRH agonist preparation on plasma gonadotropin and prolactin levels in castrated male rats and on the release of prolactin from ectopic pituitaries. Regul Pept. 1986;15:219-228.

     Not in our library10.1016/0167-0115(86)90063-7

125. 125.

     Campbell GT, MJ Horacek, CA Blake. Effects of hypothalamic neurohormones on prolactin release from pituitary allografts in the hamster. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1987;186:344-347.

     Not in our library10.3181/00379727-186-42623

126. 126.

     Gordon K, Williams RF, Danforth DR, Veldhuis JD, Hodgen GD. GnRH antagonists suppress prolactin release in non-human primates. Contraception. 1992;45:369-378.

     Not in our library10.1016/0010-7824(92)90059-3

127. 127.

     Cano A, Parrilla JJ, Abad L. Effect of exogenous and endogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone on prolactin secretion in perimenopausal women. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1988;26:308-312.

     Not in our library10.1159/000293711

128. 128.

     De Marinis L, Mancini A, D'Amico C, Calabro F, Zuppi P, Fiumara C, Barini A. Periovulatory plasma prolactin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone: role of endogenous opiates. Neuroendocrinology. 1990;51:717-720.

     Not in our library10.1159/000125416

129. 129.

     Barbarino A, De Marinis L, Mancini A, D'Amico C, Minnielli S. Estrogen dependence of the periovulatory plasma prolactin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in normal women. Metabolism. 1983;32:1059-1062.

     Not in our library10.1016/0026-0495(83)90077-x

130. 130.

     Mais V, Melis GB, Paoletti AM, Strigini F, Antinori D, Fioretti P. Prolactin-releasing action of a low dose of exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone throughout the human menstrual cycle. Neuroendocrinology. 1986;44:326-330.

     Not in our library10.1159/000124664

131. 131.

     Amsterdam JD, Winokur A, Lucki I, Snyder P. Neuroendocrine regulation in depressed postmenopausal women and healthy subjects. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1983;67:43-49.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb00329.x

132. 132.

     Tan YM, Steele PA, Judd SJ. The effect of physiological changes in ovarian steroids on the prolactin response to gonadotrophin releasing factor. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1986;24:71-78.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2265.1986.tb03256.x

133. 133.

     Braund W, Roeger DC, Judd SJ. Synchronous secretion of luteinizing hormone and prolactin in the human luteal phase: neuroendocrine mechanisms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1984;58:293-297.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem-58-2-293

134. 134.

     Geisthoevel F, Arana JB, Balmaceda JP, Rojas FJ, Asch RH. Prolactin and gonadotrophin dynamics in response to antagonists of LHRH and dopamine in ovariectomized rhesus monkeys: a dissection of their common secretion. Hum Reprod. 1988;3:591-595.

     Not in our library10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136751

135. 135.

     Olive DL, Sabella V, Riehl RM, Schenken RS, Moreno A. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists attenuate estrogen/progesterone-induced hyperprolactinemia in monkeys. Fertil Steril. 1989;51:1040-1045.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60740-9

136. 136.

     Kerdelhue B, Catin S, Kordon C, Justisz M. Delayed effects of in vivo LHRH immunoneutralization on gonadotropins and prolactin secretion in the female rat. Endocrinology. 1976;98:1539-1549.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-98-6-1539

137. 137.

     Serafini P, Paulson RJ, Francis MM, Lobo RA. Modulation of prolactin responses to gonadotropin releasing hormone by acute testosterone infusions in normal women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 1987;1:247-253.

     Not in our library10.3109/09513598709023611

138. 138.

     Mauras N, Rogol AD, Veldhuis JD. Estrogenic modulation of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated secretory activity of the gonadotrope and lactotrope in prepubertal females with Turner's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1991;73:1202-1209.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem-73-6-1202

139. 139.

     Barbarino A, De Marinis L, Mancini A, Farabegoli C. Estrogen-dependent plasma prolactin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in intact and castrated men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1982;55:1212-1216.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem-55-6-1212

140. 140.

     Gooren LJ, Harmsen-Louman W, van Bergeyk L, Van Kessel H. Studies on the prolactin-releasing capacity of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone in male subjects. Exp Clin Endocrinol. 1985;86:300-304.

     Not in our library10.1055/s-0029-1210501

141. 141.

     Gooren LJ, Van der Veen EA, Van Kessel H, Harmsen-Louman W. The effect of endogenous and exogenous gonadotrophin-releasing hormone on the prolactin response to TRH. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1984;20:281-288.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2265.1984.tb00084.x

142. 142.

     Beumont PJ, Abraham SF, Turtle J. Paradoxical prolactin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone during weight gain in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1980;51:1283-1285.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem-51-6-1283

143. 143.

     Tamai H, Karibe C, Kiyohara K, Mori K, Takeno K, Kobayashi N, Nakagawa T, Kumagai LF. Abnormal serum prolactin responses to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1987;12:281-287.

     Not in our library10.1016/0306-4530(87)90052-7

144. 144.

     Georgitis WJ, Treece GL, Hofeldt FD. Gonadotrophin releasing hormone provokes prolactin release in hypergonadotrophic hypogonadal women: a response not altered by dexamethasone. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1983;19:319-324.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2265.1983.tb00005.x

145. 145.

     Mais V, Yen SS. Prolactin-releasing action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in hypogonadal women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1986;62:1089-1092.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem-62-6-1089

146. 146.

     Shoupe D, Lobo RA. Prolactin response after gonadotropin-releasing hormone in the polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 1985;43:549-553.

     Not in our library

147. 147.

     De Marinis L, Mancini A, Calabro F, D'Amico C, Sambo P, Passeri M, Tofani A, Barbarino A. Plasma prolactin response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone during benzodiazepine treatment. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1988;13:325-331.

     Not in our library10.1016/0306-4530(88)90057-1

148. 148.

     Blackwell RE, Rodgers-Neame NT, Bradley El, Asch RH. Regulation of human prolactin secretion by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in vitro. Fertil Steril. 1986;46:26-31.

     Not in our library

149. 149.

     Morel G, Dubois PM. Immunocytochemical evidence for gonadoliberin in rat anterior pituitary gland. Neuroendocrinology. 1982;34:197-206.

     Not in our library10.1159/000123300

150. 150.

     Herbert DC, Rennels EG. Effect of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone on prolactin secretion from clonal pituitary cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1977;79:133-138.

     Not in our library10.1016/0006-291x(77)90070-5

151. 151.

     Weber GM, Powell JF, Park M, Fischer WH, Craig AG, Rivier JE, Nanakorn U, Parhar IS, Ngamvongchon S, Grau EG, Sherwood NM. Evidence that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) functions as a prolactin-releasing factor in a teleost fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) and primary structures for three native GnRH molecules. J Endocrinol. 1997;155:121-132.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1550121

152. 152.

     Rossmanith WG, Boscher S, Ulrich U, Benz R. Chronobiology of prolactin secretion in women: diurnal and sleep-related variations in the pituitary lactotroph sensitivity. Neuroendocrinology. 1993;58:263-271.

     Not in our library10.1159/000126542

153. 153.

     Torres-Aleman I, Fernandez M, Debeljuk L, Charro AL. Effect of [D-Trp6]LHRH infusion on prolactin secretion by perifused rat pituitary cells. Regul Pept. 1987;18:19-28.

     Not in our library10.1016/0167-0115(87)90046-2

154. 154.

     Torres-Aleman I, Debeljuk L, Schally AV. Effects of in vivo pretreatment with D-Trp-6-LH-RH on prolactin and LH secretion by pituitary glands in vitro. Peptides. 1985;6:993-995.

     Not in our library10.1016/0196-9781(85)90333-x

155. 155.

     Debeljuk L, Torres-Aleman I, Schally AV. D-Trp-6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone inhibits hyperprolactinemia in female rats. Endocrinology. 1985;116:2227-2231.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-116-6-2227

156. 156.

     Rodriguez T, Bordiu E, Rubio JA, Duran A, Charro AL. Effect of pulse frequency and amplitude of D-Trp6-luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone on the pulsatile secretion of prolactin and LH. J Endocrinol Invest. 1993;16:601-607.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf03347679

157. 157.

     Chabot V, Magallon T, Taragnat C, Combarnous Y. Two free isoforms of ovine glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit strongly differ in their ability to stimulate prolactin release from foetal pituitaries. J Endocrinol. 2000;164:287-297.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1640287

158. 158.

     Oguchi A, Tanaka S, Yamamoto K, Kikuyama S. Release of α-subunit of glycoprotein hormones from the bullfrog pituitary: possible effect of α-subunit on prolactin cell function. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1996;102:141-146.

     Not in our library10.1006/gcen.1996.0055

159. 159.

     Tanaka S, Mizutani F, Yamamoto K, Kikuyama S, Kurosumi K. The alpha-subunit of glycoprotein hormones exists in the prolactin secretory granules of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) pituitary gland. Cell Tissue Res. 1992;267:223-231.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00302959

160. 160.

     Lu J, Swinnen E, Proost P, De Vreese B, Vankelecom H, Denef C. Isolation and structure-bioactivity characterization of glycosylated N-pro-opiomelanocortin isoforms. J Neuroendocrinol. 2002;14:869-879.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00851.x

161. 161.

     Pals K, Boussemaere M, Swinnen E, Vankelecom H, Denef C. A pituitary cell type coexpressing messenger ribonucleic acid of proopiomelanocortin and the glycoprotein hormone α-subunit in neonatal rat and chicken: rapid decline with age and reappearance in vitro under regulatory pressure of corticotropin-releasing hormone in the rat. Endocrinology. 2006;147:4738-4752.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2006-0685

162. 162.

     Roudbaraki M, Lorsignol A, Langouche L, Callewaert G, Vankelecom H, Denef C. Target cells of γ3-melanocyte-stimulating hormone detected through intracellular Ca2+ responses in immature rat pituitary constitute a fraction of all main pituitary cell types, but mostly express multiple hormone phenotypes at the messenger ribonucleic acid level. Refractoriness to melanocortin-3 receptor blockade in the lacto-somatotroph lineage. Endocrinology. 1999;140:4874-4885.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.140.10.7080

163. 163.

     Bert C, Vande Vijver V, Andries M, Verhaert P, Proost P, De Vreese B, Van Beeumen J, Vankelecom H, Denef C. Production of recombinant rat proopiomelanocortin1-74 and characterization of its mitogenic action on pituitary lactotrophs. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1999;154:111-122.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00080-5

164. 164.

     Tilemans D, Ramaekers D, Andries M, Denef C. Effect of POMC(1–76), its C-terminal fragment gamma3-MSH and anti-POMC(1–76) antibodies on DNA replication in lactotrophs in aggregate cell cultures of immature rat pituitary. J Neuroendocrinol. 1997;9:627-637.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.1997.d01-1130.x

165. 165.

     Aida T, Yamamoto K, Kikuyama S. Enhancement by proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides of growth hormone and prolactin secretion by bullfrog pituitary cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1999;115:101-109.

     Not in our library10.1006/gcen.1999.7289

166. 166.

     Yaswen L, Diehl N, Brennan MB, Hochgeschwender U. Obesity in the mouse model of pro-opiomelanocortin deficiency responds to peripheral melanocortin. Nat Med. 1999;5:1066-1070.

     Not in our library10.1038/12506

167. 167.

     Martin NM, Small CJ, Sajedi A, Liao XH, Weiss RE, Gardiner JV, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Abnormalities of the hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis in the pro-opiomelanocortin deficient mouse. Regul Pept. 2004;122:169-172.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.regpep.2004.06.012

168. 168.

     Karpac J, Ostwald D, Li GY, Bui S, Hunnewell P, Brennan MB, Hochgeschwender U. Proopiomelanocortin heterozygous and homozygous null mutant mice develop pituitary adenomas. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-Grand). 2006;52:47-52.

     Not in our library

169. 169.

     Allen RG, Carey C, Parker JD, Mortrud MT, Mellon SH, Low MJ. Targeted ablation of pituitary pre-proopiomelanocortin cells by herpes simplex virus-1 thymidine kinase differentially regulates mRNAs encoding the adrenocorticotropin receptor and aldosterone synthase in the mouse adrenal gland. Mol Endocrinol. 1995;9:1005-1016.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend.9.8.7476975

170. 170.

     Zhou Y, Unterwald EM, Ho A, Laforge KS, Yuferov VP, Kreuter J, Sirianni MJ, Allen RG, Kreek MJ. Ablation of pituitary pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) cells produces alterations in hypothalamic POMC mRNA levels and midbrain u opioid receptor binding in a conditional transgenic mouse model. J Neuroendocrinol. 2001;13:808-817.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00702.x

171. 171.

     Possible involvement of an EGF-like mitogen in the postnatal development of lactotrophs in rat pituitary. Endocrine. 1993;1:329-335.

     Not in our library

172. 172.

     Mueller SG, Kobrin MS, Paterson AJ, Kudlow JE. Transforming growth factor-alpha expression in the anterior pituitary gland: regulation by epidermal growth factor and phorbol ester in dispersed cells. Mol Endocrinol. 1989;3:976-983.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend-3-6-976

173. 173.

     Sharma S, Oomizu S, Kakeya T, Masui T, Takeuchi S, Takahashi S. Gene expression and the physiological role of transforming growth factor-alpha in the mouse pituitary. Zool Sci. 2003;20:83-89.

     Not in our library10.2108/zsj.20.83

174. 174.

     Finley EL, King JS, Ramsdell JS. Human pituitary somatotropes express transforming growth factor-alpha and its receptor. J Endocrinol. 1994;141:547-554.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1410547

175. 175.

     Honda J, Oomizu S, Kiuchi Y, Komatsu N, Takeuchi S, Takahashi S. Identification of epidermal growth factor mRNA-expressing cells in the mouse anterior pituitary. Neuroendocrinology. 2000;71:155-162.

     Not in our library10.1159/000054532

176. 176.

     Fan X, Childs GV. Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha messenger ribonucleic acids and their receptors in the rat anterior pituitary: localization and regulation. Endocrinology. 1995;136:2284-2293.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.136.5.7720677

177. 177.

     Oomizu S, Honda J, Takeuchi S, Kakeya T, Masui T, Takahashi S. Transforming growth factor-alpha stimulates proliferation of mammotrophs and corticotrophs in the mouse pituitary. J Endocrinol. 2000;165:493-501.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1650493

178. 178.

     Childs GV, Rougeau D, Unabia G. Corticotropin-releasing hormone and epidermal growth factor: mitogens for anterior pituitary corticotropes. Endocrinology. 1995;136:1595-1602.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.136.4.7895669

179. 179.

     Berwaer M, Peers B, Nalda AM, Monget P, Davis JRE, Belayew A, Martial JA. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and epidermal growth factor induce human prolactin expression via identical multiple cis elements. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1993;92:1-7.

     Not in our library10.1016/0303-7207(93)90068-u

180. 180.

     Felix R, Meza U, Cota G. Induction of classical lactotropes by epidermal growth factor in rat pituitary cell cultures. Endocrinology. 1995;136:939-946.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.136.3.7867603

181. 181.

     Hsieh M, Conti M. G-protein-coupled receptor signaling and the EGF network in endocrine systems. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2005;16:320-326.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.tem.2005.07.005

182. 182.

     Mueller SG, Kudlow JE. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF beta) inhibits TGF alpha expression in bovine anterior pituitary-derived cells. Mol Endocrinol. 1991;5:1439-1446.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend-5-10-1439

183. 183.

     Houben H, Denef C. Bioactive peptides in anterior pituitary cells. Peptides. 1994;15:547-582.

     Not in our library10.1016/0196-9781(94)90218-6

184. 184.

     Ganong WF. Blood, pituitary, and brain renin-angiotensin systems and regulation of secretion of anterior pituitary gland. Front Neuroendocrinol. 1993;14:233-249.

     Not in our library10.1006/frne.1993.1008

185. 185.

     Bello AR, Reyes R, Hernandez G, Negrin I, Gonzalez M, Tramu G, Alonso R. Developmental expression of neurotensin in thyrotropes and gonadotropes of male and female rats. Neuroendocrinology. 2004;79:90-99.

     Not in our library10.1159/000076632

186. 186.

     Bello, Hernandez Gonzalez Reyes Negrin Marrero Sanchez C, Tramu Alonso. Immunoreactive neurotensin in gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs is regulated by sex steroid hormones in the female rat. J Neuroendocrinol. 1999;11:785-794.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00393.x

187. 187.

     Koves K, Kantor O, Scammell JG, Arimura A. PACAP colocalizes with luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormone immunoreactivities in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Peptides. 1998;19:1069-1072.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0196-9781(98)00049-7

188. 188.

     Koves K, Kantor O, Molnar J, Heinzlmann A, Szabo E, Szabo F, Nemeskeri A, Horvath J, Arimura A. The role of PACAP in gonadotropic hormone secretion at hypothalamic and pituitary levels. J Mol Neurosci. 2003;20:141-152.

     Not in our library10.1385/jmn:20:2:141

189. 189.

     Ren Y, Chien J, Sun YP, Shah GV. Calcitonin is expressed in gonadotropes of the anterior pituitary gland: its possible role in paracrine regulation of lactotrope function. J Endocrinol. 2001;171:217-228.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1710217

190. 190.

     Gon G, Giaid A, Steel JH, O'Halloran DJ, Van Noorden S, Ghatei MA, Jones PM, Amara SG, Ishikawa H, Bloom SR. Localization of immunoreactivity for calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat anterior pituitary during ontogeny and gonadal steroid manipulations and detection of its messenger ribonucleic acid. Endocrinology. 1990;127:2618-2629.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-127-6-2618

191. 191.

     Inagaki S, Kubota Y, Kito S, Kangawa K, Matsuo H. Atrial natriuretic polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in the rat pituitary: light and electron microscopic studies. Regul Pept. 1986;14:101-111.

     Not in our library10.1016/0167-0115(86)90211-9

192. 192.

     McArdle CA, Olcese J, Schmidt C, Poch A, Kratzmeier M, Middendorff R. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) in the pituitary: is CNP an autocrine regulator of gonadotropes? Endocrinology. 1994;135:2794-2801.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.135.6.7988473

193. 193.

     Knepel W, Schwaninger M, Dohler KD. Corelease of dynorphin-like immunoreactivity, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone from rat adenohypophysis in vitro. Endocrinology. 1985;117:481-487.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-117-2-481

194. 194.

     Panula P, Lindberg I. Enkephalins in the rat pituitary gland: immunohistochemical and biochemical observations. Endocrinology. 1987;121:48-58.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-121-1-48

195. 195.

     Khachaturian H, Sherman TG, Lloyd RV, Civelli O, Douglass J, Herbert E, Akil H, Watson SJ. Pro-dynorphin is endogenous to the anterior pituitary and is co-localized with LH and FSH in the gonadotrophs. Endocrinology. 1986;119:1409-1411.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-119-3-1409

196. 196.

     Kuriyama G, Takekoshi S, Tojo K, Nakai Y, Kuhar MJ, Osamura RY. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide in the rat anterior pituitary gland is localized in gonadotrophs and suppresses prolactin secretion. Endocrinology. 2004;145:2542-2550.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2003-0845

197. 197.

     Chabot JG, Enjalbert A, Pelletier G, Dubois PM, Morel G. Evidence for a direct action of neuropeptide Y in the rat pituitary gland. Neuroendocrinology. 1988;47:511-517.

     Not in our library10.1159/000124963

198. 198.

     Suzuki H, Yamamoto T, Kikuyama S, Uemura H. Distribution of endothelin 3-like immunoreactivity in gonadotrophs of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) pituitary. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1997;107:12-22.

     Not in our library10.1006/gcen.1997.6899

199. 199.

     Kanyicska B, Lerant A, Freeman ME. Endothelin-like immunoreactivity in lactotrophs, gonadotrophs, and somatotrophs of rat anterior pituitary gland are affected differentially by ovarian steroid hormones. Endocrine. 2001;14:263-268.

     Not in our library10.1385/endo:14:2:263

200. 200.

     Jin L, Burguera BG, Couce ME, Scheithauer BW, Lamsan J, Eberhardt NL, Kulig E, Lloyd RV. Leptin and leptin receptor expression in normal and neoplastic human pituitary: evidence of a regulatory role for leptin on pituitary cell proliferation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:2903-2911.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem.84.8.5908

201. 201.

     Akhter N, Johnson BW, Crane C, Iruthayanathan M, Zhou YH, Kudo A, Childs GV. Anterior pituitary leptin expression changes in different reproductive states: in vitro stimulation by gonadotropin-releasing hormone. J Histochem Cytochem. 2007;55:151-166.

     Not in our library10.1369/jhc.6a7072.2006

202. 202.

     Childs GV, Cole DE, Kubek M, Tobin RB, Wilber JF. Endogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the anterior pituitary: sites of activity as identified by immunocytochemical staining. J Histochem Cytochem. 1978;26:901-908.

     Not in our library10.1177/26.11.82570

203. 203.

     Canonico PL, Speciale C, Sortino MA, Scapagnini U. Involvement of arachidonate metabolism in neurotensin-induced prolactin release in vitro. Am J Physiol. 1985;249:E257-E263.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.1985.249.3.e257

204. 204.

     Ross PC, Judd AM, Macleod RM. The dynamics of arachidonic acid liberation and prolactin release: a comparison of thyrotropin-releasing hormone, angiotensin II, and neurotensin stimulation in perifused rat anterior pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 1988;123:2445-2453.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-123-5-2445

205. 205.

     Enjalbert A, Arancibia S, Priam M, Bluet-Pajot MT, Kordon C. Neurotensin stimulation of prolactin secretion in vitro. Neuroendocrinology. 1982;34:95-98.

     Not in our library10.1159/000123284

206. 206.

     Vijayan E, McCann SM. In vivo and in vitro effects of substance P and neurotensin on gonadotropin and prolactin release. Endocrinology. 1979;105:64-68.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-105-1-64

207. 207.

     Jarry H, Leonhardt S, Schmidt WE, Creutzfeldt W, Wuttke W. Contrasting effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on in vivo and in vitro prolactin and growth hormone release in male rats. Life Sci. 1992;51:823-830.

     Not in our library10.1016/0024-3205(92)90609-s

208. 208.

     Hart GR, Gowing H, Burrin JM. Effects of a novel hypothalamic peptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, on pituitary hormone release in rats. J Endocrinol. 1992;134:33-41.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1340033

209. 209.

     Velkeniers B, Zheng L, Kazemzadeh M, Robberecht P, Vanhaelst L, Hooghe-Peters EL. Effect of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 on growth hormone and prolactin expression. J Endocrinol. 1994;143:1-11.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1430001

210. 210.

     Propato-Mussafiri R, Kanse SM, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide releases 7B2, adrenocorticotrophin, growth hormone and prolactin from the mouse and rat clonal pituitary cell lines AtT-20 and GH3. J Endocrinol. 1992;132:107-113.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1320107

211. 211.

     Sawangjaroen K, Anderson ST, Curlewis JD. Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) on hormone secretion from sheep pituitary cells in vitro. J Neuroendocrinol. 1997;9:279-286.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.1997.00580.x

212. 212.

     Benter S, Leonhardt S, Wuttke W, Jarry H. Paracrine cell to cell interactions determine the effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on in vitro prolactin release from rat pituitary cells. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 1995;103:386-390.

     Not in our library10.1055/s-0029-1211383

213. 213.

     Rawlings SR, Hezareh M. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and PACAP/vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptors: actions on the anterior pituitary gland. Endocr Rev. 1996;17:4-29.

     Not in our library10.1210/edrv-17-1-4

214. 214.

     Romano D, Magalon K, Ciampini A, Talet C, Enjalbert A, Gerard C. Differential involvement of the Ras and Rap1 small GTPases in vasoactive intestinal and pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating polypeptides control of the prolactin gene. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:51386-51394.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m308372200

215. 215.

     Coleman DT, Chen X, Sassaroli M, Bancroft C. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide regulates prolactin promoter activity via a protein kinase A-mediated pathway that is independent of the transcriptional pathway employed by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Endocrinology. 1996;137:1276-1285.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.4.8625900

216. 216.

     Horvath J, Ertl T, Schally AV. Effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on gonadotropin release in superfused rat pituitary cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1986;83:3444-3446.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.83.10.3444

217. 217.

     Fox BK, Naka T, Inoue K, Takei Y, Hirano T, Grau EG. In vitro effects of homologous natriuretic peptides on growth hormone and prolactin release in the tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2007;150:270-277.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.09.003

218. 218.
     Role of leptin in hypothalamic–pituitary function · 1997

     Not checked
219. 219.

     Wang J, Clofi P, Crowley WR. Neuropeptide Y suppresses prolactin secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells: evidence for interactions with dopamine through inhibitory coupling to calcium entry. Endocrinology. 1996;137:587-594.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.2.8593806

220. 220.

     Baranowska B, Wolinska-Witort E, Chmielowska M, Martynska L, Baranowska-Bik A. Direct effects of cocaine-amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) on pituitary hormone release in pituitary cell culture. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2003;24:224-226.

     Not in our library

221. 221.

     Sernia C, Zeng T, Kerr D, Wyse B. Novel perspectives on pituitary and brain angiotensinogen. Front Neuroendocrinol. 1997;18:174-208.

     Not in our library10.1006/frne.1997.0150

222. 222.

     Robberecht W, Andries M, Denef C. Stimulation of prolactin secretion from rat pituitary by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone: evidence against mediation by angiotensin II acting through a (Sar1-Ala8)-angiotensin II-sensitive receptor. Neuroendocrinology. 1992;56:185-194.

     Not in our library10.1159/000126227

223. 223.

     Hinuma S, Habata Y, Fujii R, Kawamata Y, Hosoya N, Fukusumi S, Kitada C, Masuo Y, Asano T, Matsumoto H, Sekiguchi M, Kurokawa T, Nishimura O, Onda H, Fujino M. A prolactin-releasing peptide in the brain. Nature. 1998;393:272-276.

     Not in our library10.1038/30515

224. 224.

     Swinnen E, Boussemaere M, Denef C. Stimulation and inhibition of prolactin release by prolactin-releasing peptide in rat anterior pituitary cell aggregates. J Neuroendocrinol. 2005;17:379-386.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01313.x

225. 225.

     Murakami Y, Koshimura K, Yamauchi K, Nishiki M, Tanaka J, Kato Y. Roles and mechanisms of action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in growth hormone and prolactin secretion. Endocr J. 2001;48:123-132.

     Not in our library10.1507/endocrj.48.123

226. 226.

     Wong AOL, Leung MY, Shea WLC, Tse LY, Chang JP, Chow BKC. Hypophysiotropic action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the goldfish: immunohistochemical demonstration of PACAP in the pituitary, PACAP Stimulation of growth hormone release from pituitary cells, and molecular cloning of pituitary type I PACAP receptor. Endocrinology. 1998;139:3465-3479.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.139.8.6145

227. 227.

     Shimekake Y, Ohta S, Nagata K. C-type natriuretic peptide stimulates secretion of growth hormone from rat-pituitary-derived GH3 cells via a cyclic-GMP-mediated pathway. Eur J Biochem. 1994;222:645-650.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb18908.x

228. 228.

     Shibasaki T, Naruse M, Yamauchi N, Masuda A, Imaki T, Naruse K, Demura H, Ling N, Inagami T, Shizume K. Rat atrial natriuretic factor suppresses proopiomelanocortinderived peptides secretion from both anterior and intermediate lobe cells and growth hormone release from anterior lobe cells of rat pituitary in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1986;135:1035-1041.

     Not in our library10.1016/0006-291x(86)91032-6

229. 229.

     Robberecht W, Denef C. Stimulation and inhibition of pituitary growth hormone release by angiotensin II in vitro. Endocrinology. 1988;122:1496-1504.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-122-4-1496

230. 230.

     Zivadinovic D, Van Goor F, Yuan D, Koshimizu Ta, Stojilkovic SS. Expression of Ca2+-mobilizing endothelin A receptors and their role in the control of Ca2+ influx and growth hormone secretion in pituitary somatotrophs. J Neurosci. 1999;19:7721-7731.

     Not in our library10.1523/jneurosci.19-18-07721.1999

231. 231.

     Estienne MJ, Barb CR. The control of adenohypophysial hormone secretion by amino acids and peptides in swine. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2005;29:34-42.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.020

232. 232.

     Lorsignol A, Taupignon A, Horvath G, Dufy B. Intracellular calcium concentration and hormone secretion are controlled differently by TRH in rat neonatal lactotrophs and somatotrophs. J Endocrinol. 1997;154:483-494.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1540483

233. 233.

     Denef C, Schramme C, Baes M. Stimulation of growth hormone release by vasoactive intestinal peptide and peptide PHI in rat anterior pituitary reaggregates. Permissive action of a glucocorticoid and inhibition by thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinology. 1985;40:88-91.

     Not in our library10.1159/000124057

234. 234.

     Laverriere JN, Morin A, Tixier-Vidal A, Truong AT, Gourdji D, Martial JA. Inverse control of prolactin and growth hormone gene expression: effect of thyroliberin on transcription and RNA stabilization. EMBO J. 1983;2:1493-1499.

     Not in our library10.1002/j.1460-2075.1983.tb01613.x

235. 235.

     Nakamura Y, Shimatsu A, Murabe H, Mizuta H, Ihara C, Nakao K. Calcitonin gene-related peptide as a GH secretagogue in human and rat pituitary somatotrophs. Brain Res. 1998;807:203-207.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00776-8

236. 236.

     Masayuki S, Robert YO. Leptin and the pituitary. Pituitary. 2001;V4:15-23.

     Not in our library

237. 237.

     McDonald JK, Lumpkin MD, Samson WK, McCann SM. Neuropeptide Y affects secretion of luteinizing hormone and growth hormone in ovariectomized rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1985;82:561-564.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.82.2.561

238. 238.

     Barb CR, Barrett JB. Neuropeptide Y modulates growth hormone but not luteinizing hormone secretion from prepuberal gilt anterior pituitary cells in culture. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2005;29:548-555.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.03.004

239. 239.

     Peng C, Chang JP, Yu KL, Wong AO, Van Goor F, Peter RE, Rivier JE. Neuropeptide-Y stimulates growth hormone and gonadotropin-II secretion in the goldfish pituitary: involvement of both presynaptic and pituitary cell actions. Endocrinology. 1993;132:1820-1829.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.132.4.8462479

240. 240.

     Deftos LJ, Burton DW, Watkins WB, Catherwood BD. Immunohistological studies of artiodactyl and teleost pituitaries with antisera to calcitonin. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1980;42:9-18.

     Not in our library10.1016/0016-6480(80)90251-8

241. 241.

     Shah GV, Deftos LJ, Crowley WR. Synthesis and release of calcitonin-like immunoreactivity by anterior pituitary cells: evidence for a role in paracrine regulation of prolactin secretion. Endocrinology. 1993;132:1367-1372.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.132.3.8440192

242. 242.

     Maddineni SR, Krzysik-Walker SM, Ocon-Grove OM, Motch SM, Hendricks GL, Ramachandran R. Calcitonin is expressed in the chicken pituitary gland: influence of gonadal steroids and sexual maturation. Cell Tiss Res. 2007;327:521-528.

     Not in our library10.1007/s00441-006-0331-0

243. 243.

     Hanna FW, Smith DM, Johnston CF, Akinsanya KO, Jackson ML, Morgan DG, Bhogal R, Buchanan KD, Bloom SR. Expression of a novel receptor for the calcitonin peptide family and a salmon calcitonin-like peptide in the alpha-thyrotropin thyrotroph cell line. Endocrinology. 1995;136:2377-2382.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.136.6.7750458

244. 244.

     Perry KJ, Quiza M, Myers DE, Morfis M, Christopoulos G, Sexton PM. Characterization of amylin and calcitonin receptor binding in the mouse α-thyroid-stimulating hormone thyrotroph cell line. Endocrinology. 1997;138:3486-3496.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.138.8.5312

245. 245.

     Shah GV, Wang W, Grosvenor CE, Crowley WR. Calcitonin inhibits basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced release of prolactin from anterior pituitary cells: evidence for a selective action exerted proximal to secretagogue-induced increases in cytosolic Ca2+. Endocrinology. 1990;127:621-628.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-127-2-621

246. 246.

     Judd AM, Kubota T, Kuan SI, Jarvis WD, Spangelo BL, Macleod RM. Calcitonin decreases thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated prolactin release through a mechanism that involves inhibition of inositol phosphate production. Endocrinology. 1990;127:191-199.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-127-1-191

247. 247.

     Wang YQ, Yuan R, Sun YP, Lee TJ, Shah GV. Antiproliferative action of calcitonin on lactotrophs of the rat anterior pituitary gland: evidence for the involvement of transforming growth factor β1 in calcitonin action. Endocrinology. 2003;144:2164-2171.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2002-220740

248. 248.

     Shah GV, Chien J, Sun YP, Puri S, Ravindra R. Calcitonin inhibits anterior pituitary cell proliferation in the adult female rats. Endocrinology. 1999;140:4281-4291.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.140.9.6995

249. 249.

     Shah GV, Pedchenko V, Stanley S, Li Z, Samson WK. Calcitonin is a physiological inhibitor of prolactin secretion in ovariectomized female rats. Endocrinology. 1996;137:1814-1822.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.5.8612519

250. 250.

     Yuan R, Kulkarni T, Wei F, Shah GV. Targeted overexpression of calcitonin in gonadotrophs of transgenic mice leads to chronic hypoprolactinemia. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2005;229:193-203.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.mce.2004.06.013

251. 251.

     Maddineni SR, Krzysik-Walker SM, Ocon-Grove OM, Motch SM, Hendricks GL, Ramachandran R. Calcitonin is expressed in the chicken pituitary gland: influence of gonadal steroids and sexual maturation. Cell Tissue Res. 2007;327:521-528.

     Not in our library10.1007/s00441-006-0331-0

252. 252.

     Sun YP, Lee TJ, Shah GV. Calcitonin expression in rat anterior pituitary gland is regulated by ovarian steroid hormones. Endocrinology. 2002;143:4056-4064.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2001-210908

253. 253.

     Chronwall BM, Sands SA, Li Z, Shah GV. Calcitonin-like peptide containing gonadotrophs are juxtaposed to cup-shaped lactotrophs. Endocrine. 1996;4:27-33.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf02738871

254. 254.

     Katafuchi T, Kikumoto K, Hamano K, Kangawa K, Matsuo H, Minamino N. Calcitonin receptor-stimulating peptide, a new member of the calcitonin gene-related peptide family: its isolation from porcine brain, structure, tissue distribution, and biological activity. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:12046-12054.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m207970200

255. 255.

     Burns G, Sarkar DK. Transforming growth factor beta 1-like immunoreactivity in the pituitary gland of the rat: effect of estrogen. Endocrinology. 1993;133:1444-1449.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.133.3.8365375

256. 256.

     Sarkar DK, Kim KH, Minami S. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 messenger RNA and protein expression in the pituitary gland: its action on prolactin secretion and lactotropic growth. Mol Endocrinol. 1992;6:1825-1833.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend.6.11.1480172

257. 257.

     Tan SK, Wang FF, Pu HF, Liu TC. Differential effect of age on transforming growth factor-β1 inhibition of prolactin gene expression versus secretion in rat anterior pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 1997;138:878-885.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.138.3.4996

258. 258.

     Murata T, Ying SY. Transforming growth factor-beta and activin inhibit basal secretion of prolactin in a pituitary monolayer culture system. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1991;198:599-605.

     Not in our library10.3181/00379727-198-43295

259. 259.

     Abraham EJ, Faught WJ, Frawley LS. Transforming growth factor β1 is a paracrine inhibitor of prolactin gene expression. Endocrinology. 1998;139:5174-5181.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.139.12.6349

260. 260.

     Carmeliet P, Maertens P, Denef C. Stimulation and inhibition of prolactin release from rat pituitary lactotrophs by the cholinomimetic carbachol in vitro. Influence of hormonal environment and intercellular contacts. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1989;63:121-131.

     Not in our library10.1016/0303-7207(89)90088-9

261. 261.

     Matsumoto H, Suzuki N, Onda H, Fujino M. Abundance of endothelin-3 in rat intestine, pituitary gland and brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989;164:74-80.

     Not in our library10.1016/0006-291x(89)91684-7

262. 262.

     Matsumoto H, Suzuki N, Shiota K, Inoue K, Tsuda M, Fujino M. Insulin-like growth factor-I stimulates endothelin-3 secretion from rat anterior pituitary cells in primary culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990;172:661-668.

     Not in our library10.1016/0006-291x(90)90725-3

263. 263.

     Samson WK, Skala KD, Alexander BD, Huang FL. Hypothalamic endothelin: presence and effects related to fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1991;17(Suppl. 7):S346-S349.

     Not in our library

264. 264.

     Naruse M, Naruse K, Nishikawa T, Yoshihara I, Ohsumi K, Suzuki N, Demura R, Demura H. Endothelin-3 immunoreactivity in gonadotrophs of the human anterior pituitary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;74:968-972.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem.74.5.1569173

265. 265.

     Kanyicska B, Burris TP, Freeman ME. The effects of endothelins on the secretion of prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone are mediated by different guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. Endocrinology. 1991;129:2607-2613.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-129-5-2607

266. 266.

     Burris TP, Kanyicska B, Freeman ME. Inhibition of prolactin secretion by endothelin-3 is pertussis toxin-sensitive. Eur J Pharmacol. 1991;198:223-225.

     Not in our library10.1016/0014-2999(91)90627-3

267. 267.

     Dymshitz J, Laudon M, Ben Jonathan N. Endothelin-induced biphasic response of lactotrophs cultured under different conditions. Neuroendocrinology. 1992;55:724-729.

     Not in our library10.1159/000126192

268. 268.

     Bertram R, Tabak J, Toporikova N, Freeman ME. Endothelin action on pituitary lactotrophs: one receptor, many GTP-binding proteins. Sci STKE. 2006;319:E4.

     Not in our library10.1126/stke.3212006er2

269. 269.

     Samson WK. Adrenomedullin and the control of fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. Annu Rev Physiol. 1999;61:363-389.

     Not in our library10.1146/annurev.physiol.61.1.363

270. 270.

     Takahashi K, Satoh F, Sone M, Murakami O, Sasano H, Mouri T, Shibahara S. Expression of Adrenomedullin mRNA in the human brain and pituitary. Peptides. 1997;18:1051-1053.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0196-9781(97)00038-7

271. 271.

     Montuenga LM, Burrell MA, Garayoa M, Llopiz D, Vos M, Moody T, Garcia R, Martinez A, Villaro AC, Elsasser T, Cuttitta F. Expression of proadrenomedullin derived peptides in the mammalian pituitary: co-localization of follicle stimulating hormone and proadrenomedullin N-20 terminal peptide-like peptide in the same secretory granules of the gonadotropes. J Neuroendocrinol. 2000;12:607-617.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00468.x

272. 272.

     Hisanori W, Yujiro A, Kazuo K, Yoshinari I, Seiichiro H, Yoshitaka Y, Kenji K, Akinobu S, Tanenao E. Immunohistochemical identification of adrenomedullin in human, rat, and porcine tissue. Histochem Cell Biol. 1995;103:251-254.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf01457408

273. 273.

     Collantes M, Bodegas ME, Sesma MP, Villaro AC. Distribution of adrenomedullin and proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide immunoreactivity in the pituitary gland of the frog Rana perezi. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2003;133:50-60.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0016-6480(03)00142-4

274. 274.

     Gibbons C, Dackor R, Dunworth W, Fritz-Six K, Caron KM. Receptor activity-modifying proteins: RAMPing up adrenomedullin signaling. Mol Endocrinol. 2007;21:783-796.

     Not in our library10.1210/me.2006-0156

275. 275.

     Guild SB, Cramb G. Characterisation of the effects of natriuretic peptides upon ACTH secretion from the mouse pituitary. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1999;152:11-19.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0303-7207(99)00068-4

276. 276.

     Chatelain D, Lesage J, Montel V, Chatelain A, Deloof S. Effect of natriuretic peptides on in vitro stimulated adrenocorticotropic hormone release and pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA expression by the fetal rat pituitary gland in late gestation. Horm Res. 2003;59:142-148.

     Not in our library10.1159/000069068

277. 277.

     Wilcox JN, Augustine A, Goeddel DV, Lowe DG. Differential regional expression of three natriuretic peptide receptor genes within primate tissues. Mol Cell Biol. 1991;11:3454-3462.

     Not in our library10.1128/mcb.11.7.3454-3462.1991

278. 278.

     Fink G, Dow RC, Casley D, Johnston CI, Lim AT, Copolov DL, Bennie J, Carroll S, Dick H. Atrial natriuretic peptide is a physiological inhibitor of ACTH release: evidence from immunoneutralization in vivo. J Endocrinol. 1991;131:R9-R12.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.131r009

279. 279.

     Hinson JP, Kapas S, Smith DM. Adrenomedullin, a multifunctional regulatory peptide. Endocr Rev. 2000;21:138-167.

     Not in our library10.1210/edrv.21.2.0396

280. 280.

     Chang CL, Roh J, Hsu SYT. Intermedin, a novel calcitonin family peptide that exists in teleosts as well as in mammals: a comparison with other calcitonin/intermedin family peptides in vertebrates. Peptides. 2004;25:1633-1642.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.peptides.2004.05.021

281. 281.

     Mimoto T, Nishioka T, Asaba K, Takao T, Hashimoto K. Effects of adrenomedullin on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release in pituitary cell cultures and on ACTH and oxytocin responses to shaker stress in conscious rat. Brain Res. 2001;922:261-266.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03184-5

282. 282.

     Samson WK, Murphy TC, Resch ZT. Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide inhibits adrenocorticotropin secretion from cultured pituitary cells, possibly via activation of a potassium channel. Endocrine. 1998;9:269-272.

     Not in our library10.1385/endo:9:3:269

283. 283.

     Samson WK. Proadrenomedullin-derived peptides. Front Neuroendocrinol. 1998;19:100-127.

     Not in our library10.1006/frne.1998.0164

284. 284.

     Samson WK, Murphy T, Schell DA. A novel vasoactive peptide, adrenomedullin, inhibits pituitary adrenocorticotropin release. Endocrinology. 1995;136:2349-2352.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.136.5.7720684

285. 285.

     Parkes DG, May CN. ACTH-suppressive and vasodilator actions of adrenomedullin in conscious sheep. J Neuroendocrinol. 1995;7:923-929.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00737.x

286. 286.

     Iino K, Oki Y, Tominaga T, Iwabuchi M, Ozawa M, Watanabe F, Yoshimi T. Stimulatory effect of calcitonin gene-related peptide on adrenocorticotropin release from rat anterior pituitary cells. J Neuroendocrinol. 1998;10:325-329.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00213.x

287. 287.

     Fisher LA, Kikkawa DO, Rivier JE, Amara SG, Evans RM, Rosenfeld MG, Vale WW, Brown MR. Stimulation of noradrenergic sympathetic outflow by calcitonin gene-related peptide. Nature. 1983;305:534-536.

     Not in our library10.1038/305534a0

288. 288.

     Wu JC, Su P, Safwat NW, Sebastian J, Miller WL. Rapid, efficient isolation of murine gonadotropes and their use in revealing control of follicle-stimulating hormone by paracrine pituitary factors. Endocrinology. 2004;145:5832-5839.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2004-0257

289. 289.

     Steel JH, Gon G, O'Halloran DJ, Jones PM, Yanaihara N, Ishikawa H, Bloom SR, Polak JM. Galanin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide are colocalised with classical pituitary hormones and show plasticity of expression. Histochemistry. 1989;93:183-189.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00315973

290. 290.

     Todd JF, Small CJ, Akinsanya KO, Stanley SA, Smith DM, Bloom SR. Galanin is a paracrine inhibitor of gonadotroph function in the female rat. Endocrinology. 1998;139:4222-4229.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.139.10.6240

291. 291.

     Elsaesser F. Stimulation of porcine pituitary luteinizing hormone release by galanin: putative auto/paracrine regulation. Neuroendocrinology. 2001;74:288-299.

     Not in our library10.1159/000054696

292. 292.

     Blank MS, Fabbri A, Catt KJ, Dufau ML. Inhibition of luteinizing hormone release by morphine and endogenous opiates in cultured pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 1986;118:2097-2101.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-118-5-2097

293. 293.

     Sanchez-Franco F, Cacicedo L. Inhibitory effect of beta-endorphin on gonadotropin-releasing hormone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone releasing activity in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Horm Res. 1986;24:55-61.

     Not in our library10.1159/000180539

294. 294.

     Couceyro PR, Koylu EO, Kuhar MJ. Further studies on the anatomical distribution of CART by in situ hybridization. J Chem Neuroanat. 1997;12:229-241.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0891-0618(97)00212-3

295. 295.

     Kappeler L, Gautron L, Laye S, Dantzer R, Zizzari P, Epelbaum J, Bluet-Pajot MT. Pituitary cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript expression depends on the strain, sex and oestrous cycle in the rat. J Neuroendocrinol. 2006;18:426-433.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01435.x

296. 296.

     Smith SM, Vaughan JM, Donaldson CJ, Fernandez RE, Li C, Chen A, Vale WW. Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript is localized in pituitary lactotropes and is regulated during lactation. Endocrinology. 2006;147:1213-1223.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2005-1392

297. 297.

     Stanley SA, Murphy KG, Bewick GA, Kong WM, Opacka-Juffry J, Gardiner JV, Ghatei M, Small CJ, Bloom SR. Regulation of rat pituitary cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) by CRH and glucocorticoids. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;287:E583-E590.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.00576.2003

298. 298.

     McNeilly AS. Lactational control of reproduction. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2001;13:583-590.

     Not in our library10.1071/rd01056

299. 299.

     Royster M, Driscoll P, Kelly PA, Freemark M. The prolactin receptor in the fetal rat: cellular localization of messenger ribonucleic acid, immunoreactive protein, and ligand-binding activity and induction of expression in late gestation. Endocrinology. 1995;136:3892-3900.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.136.9.7649097

300. 300.

     Krown KA, Wang YF, Ho TW, Kelly PA, Walker AM. Prolactin isoform 2 as an autocrine growth factor for GH3 cells. Endocrinology. 1992;131:595-602.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.131.2.1639009

301. 301.

     Tortonese DJ, Brooks J, Ingleton PM, McNeilly AS. Detection of prolactin receptor gene expression in the sheep pituitary gland and visualization of the specific translation of the signal in gonadotrophs. Endocrinology. 1998;139:5215-5223.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.139.12.6365

302. 302.

     Gregory SJ, Brooks J, McNeilly AS, Ingleton PM, Tortonese DJ. Gonadotroph–lactotroph associations and expression of prolactin receptors in the equine pituitary gland throughout the seasonal reproductive cycle. Reproduction. 2000;119:223-231.

     Not in our library

303. 303.

     Hetzel WD, Schneider PM, Pfeiffer EF. Further evidence that prolactin does not affect gonadotropin release at pituitary level. Horm Metab Res. 1987;19:555-562.

     Not in our library10.1055/s-2007-1011881

304. 304.

     Oguchi A, Tanaka S, Aida T, Yamamoto K, Kikuyama S. Enhancement by prolactin of the GnRH-induced release of LH from dispersed anterior pituitary cells of the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1997;107:128-135.

     Not in our library10.1006/gcen.1997.6904

305. 305.

     Cheung CY. Prolactin suppresses luteinizing hormone secretion and pituitary responsiveness to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone by a direct action at the anterior pituitary. Endocrinology. 1983;113:632-638.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-113-2-632

306. 306.

     Gregory SJ, Townsend J, McNeilly AS, Tortonese DJ. Effects of prolactin on the luteinizing hormone response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone in primary pituitary cell cultures during the ovine annual reproductive cycle. Biol Reprod. 2004;70:1299-1305.

     Not in our library10.1095/biolreprod.103.022806

307. 307.

     Andries M, Tilemans D, Denef C. Isolation of cleaved prolactin variants that stimulate DNA synthesis in specific cell types in rat pituitary cell aggregates in culture. Biochem J. 1992;281:393-400.

     Not in our library10.1042/bj2810393

308. 308.

     Andries M, Jacobs GF, Tilemans D, Denef C. In vitro immunoneutralization of a cleaved prolactin variant: evidence for a local paracrine action of cleaved prolactin in the development of gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs in rat pituitary. J Neuroendocrinol. 1996;8:123-127.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.1996.tb00832.x

309. 309.

     Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Kaminski K, Podewski E, Bonda T, Schaefer A, Sliwa K, Forster O, Quint A, Landmesser U, Doerries C, Luchtefeld M, Poli V, Schneider MD, Balligand JL, Desjardins F, Ansari A, Struman I, Nguyen NQN, Zschemisch NH, Klein G, Heusch G, Schulz R, Hilfiker A, Drexler H. A cathepsin D-cleaved 16 kDa form of prolactin mediates postpartum cardiomyopathy. Cell. 2007;128:589-600.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.cell.2006.12.036

310. 310.

     Dave JR, Culp SG, Liu L, Tabakoff B, Hoffman PL. Regulation of vasopressin and oxytocin synthesis in anterior pituitary and peripheral tissues. Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse. 1988;7:231-234.

     Not in our library10.1300/j251v07n03_30

311. 311.

     Morel G, Chabot JG, Dubois PM. Ultrastructural evidence for oxytocin in the rat anterior pituitary gland. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1988;117:307-314.

     Not in our library10.1530/acta.0.1170307

312. 312.

     Evans JJ, Pragg FL, Mason DR. Release of luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary gland in vitro can be concurrently regulated by at least three peptides: gonadotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin and neuropeptide Y. Neuroendocrinology. 2001;73:408-416.

     Not in our library10.1159/000054659

313. 313.

     Evans JJ, Robinson G, Catt KJ. Luteinizing hormone response to oxytocin is steroid-dependent. Neuroendocrinology. 1992;55:538-543.

     Not in our library10.1159/000126167

314. 314.

     Evans JJ, Hurd SJ, Mason DR. Oxytocin modulates the luteinizing hormone response of the rat anterior pituitary to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone in vitro. J Endocrinol. 1995;145:113-119.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1450113

315. 315.

     Siperstein ER, Miller KJ. Further cytophysiologic evidence for the dentity of the cells that produce adrenocorticotrophic hormone. Endocrinology. 1970;86:451-486.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-86-3-451

316. 316.

     Yoshimura F, Nogami H. Fine structural criteria for identifying rat corticotrophs. Cell Tissue Res. 1981;219:221-228.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00210144

317. 317.

     Nogami H, Yoshimura F. Fine structural criteria of prolactin cells identified immunohistochemically in the male rat. Anat Rec. 1982;202:261-274.

     Not in our library10.1002/ar.1092020211

318. 318.

     Townsend J, Sneddon CL, Tortonese DJ. Gonadotroph heterogeneity, density and distribution, and gonadotroph–lactotroph associations in the pars distalis of the male equine pituitary gland. J Neuroendocrinol. 2004;16:432-440.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.2004.01174.x

319. 319.

     Gasc JM, Baulieu EE. Regulation by estradiol of the progesterone receptor in the hypothalamus and pituitary: an immunohistochemical study in the chicken. Endocrinology. 1988;122:1357-1365.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-122-4-1357

320. 320.

     Noda T, Kikuchi M, Kaidzu S, Yashiro T. Rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro can partly reconstruct in vivo topographic affinities. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol. 2003;272:548-555.

     Not in our library10.1002/ar.a.10065

321. 321.

     Allaerts W, Mignon A, Denef C. Selectivity of juxtaposition between cup-shaped lactotrophs and gonadotrophs from rat anterior pituitary in culture. Cell Tissue Res. 1991;263:217-225.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00318763

322. 322.

     Dada MO, Campbell GT, Blake CA. The localization of gonadotrophs in normal adult male and female rats. Endocrinology. 1984;114:397-406.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-114-2-397

323. 323.

     Meeran D, Urbanski HF, Gregory SJ, Townsend J, Tortonese DJ. Developmental changes in the hormonal identity of gonadotroph cells in the rhesus monkey pituitary gland. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003;88:2934-2942.

     Not in our library10.1210/jc.2002-021001

324. 324.

     Wong AOL, Ng S, Lee EKY, Leung RCY, Ho WKK. Somatostatin inhibits (-Arg6, Pro9-NEt) salmon gonadotropin-releasing hormone- and dopamine D1-stimulated growth hormone release from perifused pituitary cells of chinese grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1998;110:29-45.

     Not in our library10.1006/gcen.1997.7045

325. 325.

     Weil C, Bougoussa-Houadec M, Gallais C, Itoh S, Sekine S, Valotaire Y. Preliminary evidence suggesting variations of GtH 1 and GtH 2 mRNA levels at different stages of gonadal development in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1995;100:327-333.

     Not in our library10.1006/gcen.1995.1163

326. 326.

     Marchant TA, Peter RE. Seasonal variations in body growth rates and circulating levels of growth hormone in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. J Exp Zool. 1986;237:231-239.

     Not in our library10.1002/jez.1402370209

327. 327.

     Legac F, Blaise O, Fostier A, Lebail P-Y, Loir M, Mourot B, Weil C. Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review. Fish Physiol Biochem. 1993;11:219-232.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00004569

328. 328.

     Marchant TA, Chang JP, Nahorniak CS, Peter RE. Evidence that gonadotropin-releasing hormone also functions as a growth hormone-releasing factor in the goldfish. Endocrinology. 1989;124:2509-2518.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-124-5-2509

329. 329.

     Weil C, Carre F, Blaise O, Breton B, Le Bail PY. Differential effect of insulin-like growth factor I on in vitro gonadotropin (I and II) and growth hormone secretions in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at different stages of the reprodtive cycle. Endocrinology. 1999;140:2054-2062.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.140.5.6747

330. 330.

     Melamed P, Eliahu N, Levavi-Sivan B, Ofir M, Farchi-Pisanty O, Rentier-Delrue F, Smal J, Yaron Z, Naor Z. Hypothalamic and thyroidal regulation of growth hormone in tilapia. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1995;97:13-30.

     Not in our library10.1006/gcen.1995.1002

331. 331.

     Zhou H, Wang X, Ko WKW, Wong AOL. Evidence for a novel intrapituitary autocrine/paracrine feedback loop regulating growth hormone synthesis and secretion in grass carp pituitary cells by functional interactions between gonadotrophs and somatotrophs. Endocrinology. 2004;145:5548-5559.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2004-0362

332. 332.

     Hull KL, Harvey S. Growth hormone therapy and quality of life: possibilities, pitfalls and mechanisms. J Endocrinol. 2003;179:311-333.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1790311

333. 333.

     Childs GV, Iruthayanathan M, Akhter N, Johnson BW. Estrogen mediated cross talk between the ovary and pituitary somatotrope: Pre-ovulatory support for reproductive activity. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2006;247:60-63.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.mce.2005.12.049

334. 334.

     Bachelot A, Monget P, Imbert-Bollore P, Coshigano K, Kopchick JJ, Kelly PA, Binart N. Growth hormone is required for ovarian follicular growth. Endocrinology. 2002;143:4104-4112.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2002-220087

335. 335.

     Goffin V, Binart N, Touraine P, Kelly PA. Prolactin: the new biology of an old hormone. Ann Rev Physiol. 2002;64:47-67.

     Not in our library10.1146/annurev.physiol.64.081501.131049

336. 336.

     Taniguchi Y, Satoru Y, Rieko K, Harumichi S. Proliferation and differentiation of pituitary somatotrophs and mammotrophs during late fetal and postnatal periods. Anat Embryol. 2001;204:469-475.

     Not in our library10.1007/s429-001-8003-x

337. 337.

     Korytko AI, Zeitler P, Cuttler L. Developmental regulation of pituitary growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor gene expression in the rat. Endocrinology. 1996;137:1326-1331.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.4.8625907

338. 338.

     Mastorakos G, Pavlatou MG, Mizamtsidi M. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axes interplay. Pediatr Endocrinol Rev. 2006;3(Suppl. 1):172-181.

     Not in our library

339. 339.

     Potter LR, Abbey-Hosch S, Dickey DM. Natriuretic peptides, their receptors, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-dependent signaling functions. Endocr Rev. 2006;27:47-72.

     Not in our library10.1210/er.2005-0014

340. 340.

     Tilbrook AJ, Clarke IJ. Neuroendocrine mechanisms of innate states of attenuated responsiveness of the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis to stress. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2006;27:285-307.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.yfrne.2006.06.002

341. 341.

     Hong M, Yan Q, Tao B, Boersma A, Han KK, Vantyghem MC, Racadot A, Lefebvre J. Estradiol, progesterone and testosterone exposures affect the atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression in vivo in rats. Biol Chem Hoppe Seyler. 1992;373:213-218.

     Not in our library10.1515/bchm3.1992.373.1.213

342. 342.

     Robberecht W, Denef C. Enhanced ANG II activity in anterior pituitary cell aggregates from hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 1988;255:R407-R411.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpregu.1988.255.3.r407

343. 343.

     Johren O, Golsch C, Dendorfer A, Qadri F, Hauser W, Dominiak P. Differential expression of AT1 receptors in the pituitary and adrenal gland of SHR and WKY. Hypertension. 2003;41:984-990.

     Not in our library10.1161/01.hyp.0000062466.38314.b7

344. 344.

     Plotsky PM, Sutton SW, Bruhn TO, Ferguson AV. Analysis of the role of angiotensin II in mediation of adrenocorticotropin secretion. Endocrinology. 1988;122:538-545.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-122-2-538

345. 345.

     Lawrence AC, Clark IJ, Campbell DJ. Increased angiotensin-(1–7) in hypophysial-portal plasma of conscious sheep. Neuroendocrinology. 1992;55:105-114.

     Not in our library10.1159/000126103

346. 346.

     Casanueva FF, Dieguez C. Neuroendocrine regulation and actions of leptin. Front Neuroendocrinol. 1999;20:317-363.

     Not in our library10.1006/frne.1999.0187

347. 347.

     Cunningham MJ, Clifton DK, Steiner RA. Leptin's actions on the reproductive axis: perspectives and mechanisms. Biol Reprod. 1999;60:216-222.

     Not in our library10.1095/biolreprod60.2.216

348. 348.

     Barreiro ML, Tena-Sempere M. Ghrelin and reproduction: a novel signal linking energy status and fertility? Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004;226:1-9.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.mce.2004.07.015

349. 349.

     Garcia MC, Lopez M, Gualillo O, Seoane LM, Dieguez C, Senaris RM. Hypothalamic levels of NPY, MCH, and prepro-orexin mRNA during pregnancy and lactation in the rat: role of prolactin. FASEB J. 2003;17:1392-1400.

     Not in our library10.1096/fj.02-0933com

350. 350.

     Blanco M, Gallego R, Garcia-Caballero T, Dieguez C, Berias A. Cellular localization of orexins in human anterior pituitary. Histochem Cell Biol. 2003;V120:259-264.

     Not in our library10.1007/s00418-003-0562-z

351. 351.

     Kok SW, Roelfsema F, Overeem S, Lammers GJ, Frolich M, Meinders AE, Pijl H. Pulsatile LH release is diminished, whereas FSH secretion is normal, in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic men. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004;287:E630-E636.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.00060.2004

352. 352.

     Kok SW, Roelfsema F, Overeem S, Lammers GJ, Strijers RL, Frolich M, Meinders AE, Pijl H. Dynamics of the pituitary-adrenal ensemble in hypocretin-deficient narcoleptic humans: blunted basal adrenocorticotropin release and evidence for normal time-keeping by the master pacemaker. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:5085-5091.

     Not in our library10.1210/jc.2002-020638

353. 353.

     Blanco M, Lopez M, Garcia-Caballero T, Gallego R, Vazquez-Boquete A, Morel G, Senaris R, Casanueva F, Dieguez C, Beiras A. Cellular localization of orexin receptors in human pituitary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:3444-3447.

     Not in our library10.1210/jc.86.4.1616

354. 354.

     Cai A, Bowers RC, Moore JP, Hyde JF. Function of galanin in the anterior pituitary of estrogen-treated Fischer 344 rats: autocrine and paracrine regulation of prolactin secretion. Endocrinology. 1998;139:2452-2458.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.139.5.6025

355. 355.

     Byrne JM, Jones PM, Hill SF, Bennet WM, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Expression of messenger ribonucleic acids encoding neuropeptide-Y, substance-P, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in human pituitary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1992;75:983-987.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem.75.4.1383256

356. 356.

     Riskind PN, Allen JM, Gabriel SM, Koenig JI, Audet-Arnold J. Sex differences in vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentrations in the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus of rats. Neurosci Lett. 1989;105:215-220.

     Not in our library10.1016/0304-3940(89)90040-2

357. 357.

     Carretero J, Sanchez F, Rubio M, Francos CM, Blanco J, Vazquez R. In vitro and in vivo evidence for direct dopaminergic inhibition of VIP-immunoreactive pituitary cells. Neuropeptides. 1994;27:1-6.

     Not in our library10.1016/0143-4179(94)90009-4

358. 358.

     Nagy G, Mulchahey JJ, Neill JD. Autocrine control of prolactin secretion by vasoactive intestinal peptide. Endocrinology. 1988;122:364-366.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-122-1-364

359. 359.

     Hagen TC, Arnaout MA, Scherzer WJ, Martinson DR, Garthwaite TL. Antisera to vasoactive intestinal polypeptide inhibit basal prolactin release from dispersed anterior pituitary cells. Neuroendocrinology. 1986;43:641-645.

     Not in our library10.1159/000124594

360. 360.

     Lara JI, Lorenzo MJ, Cacicedo L, Tolon RM, Balsa JA, Lopez-Fernandez J, Sanchez-Franco F. Induction of vasoactive intestinal peptide gene expression and prolactin secretion by insulin-like growth factor I in rat pituitary cells: evidence for an autoparacrine regulatory system. Endocrinology. 1994;135:2526-2532.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.135.6.7988440

361. 361.

     Balsa JA, Cacicedo L, Lara JI, Lorenzo MJ, Pazos F, Sanchez-Franco F. Autocrine and/or paracrine action of vasoactive intestinal peptide on thyrotropin-releasing hormone induced prolactin release. Endocrinology. 1996;137:144-150.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.1.8536606

362. 362.

     Gomez O, Balsa JA. Autocrine/paracrine action of pituitary vasoactive intestinal peptide on lactotroph hyperplasia induced by estrogen. Endocrinology. 2003;144:4403-4409.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2003-0261

363. 363.

     Balsa JA, Sanchez-Franco F, Pazos F, Lara JI, Lorenzo MJ, Maldonado G, Cacicedo L. Direct action of serotonin on prolactin, growth hormone, corticotropin and luteinizing hormone release in cocultures of anterior and posterior pituitary lobes: autocrine and/or paracrine action of vasoactive intestinal peptide. Neuroendocrinology. 1998;68:326-333.

     Not in our library10.1159/000054381

364. 364.

     Denef C, Baes M, Schramme C. Stimulation of prolactin secretion after short term or pulsatile exposure to dopamine in superfused anterior pituitary cell aggregates. Endocrinology. 1984;114:1371-1378.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-114-4-1371

365. 365.

     Balsa JA, Sanchez-Franco F, Lorenzo MJ, Pazos F, Lara JI, Cacicedo L. Autoparacrine action of vasoactive intestinal peptide on dopaminergic control of prolactin secretion. Endocrinology. 1996;137:508-513.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.2.8593796

366. 366.

     Wynick D, Hammond PJ, Akinsanya KO, Bloom SR. Galanin regulates basal and oestrogen-stimulated lactotroph function. Nature. 1993;364:529-532.

     Not in our library10.1038/364529a0

367. 367.

     Hyde JF, Moore JP. Galanin in normal and hyperplastic anterior pituitary cells: from pituitary tumor cell lines to transgenic mice. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1998;863:48-55.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10682.x

368. 368.

     Ren J, Koenig JI, Hooi SC. Stimulation of anterior pituitary galanin and prolactin gene expression in suckling rats. Endocrine. 1999;11:251-256.

     Not in our library10.1385/endo:11:3:251

369. 369.

     Wynick D, Small CJ, Bacon A, Holmes FE, Norman M, Ormandy CJ, Kilic E, Kerr NC, Ghatei M, Talamantes F, Bloom SR, Pachnis V. Galanin regulates prolactin release and lactotroph proliferation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:12671-12676.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.95.21.12671

370. 370.

     Cai A, Hayes JD, Patel N, Hyde JF. Targeted overexpression of galanin in lactotrophs of transgenic mice induces hyperprolactinemia and pituitary hyperplasia. Endocrinology. 1999;140:4955-4964.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.140.11.7120

371. 371.

     Borgundvaag B, Kudlow JE, Mueller SG, George SR. Dopamine receptor activation inhibits estrogen-stimulated transforming growth factor-alpha gene expression and growth in anterior pituitary, but not in uterus. Endocrinology. 1992;130:3453-3458.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.130.6.1534540

372. 372.

     Hentges S, Boyadjieva N, Sarkar DK. Transforming growth factor-β3 stimulates lactotrope cell growth by increasing basic fibroblast growth factor from folliculo-stellate cells. Endocrinology. 2000;141:859-867.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.141.3.7382

373. 373.

     Hentges S, Pastorcic M, De A, Boyadjieva N, Sarkar DK. Opposing actions of two transforming growth factor-β isoforms on pituitary lactotropic cell proliferation. Endocrinology. 2000;141:1528-1535.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.141.4.7419

374. 374.

     De A, Hentges S, Boyadjieva N, Sarkar DK. Effect of antisense suppression of transforming growth factor-beta3 gene on lactotropic cell proliferation. J Neuroendocrinol. 2001;13:324-327.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00619.x

375. 375.

     De A, Morgan TE, Speth RC, Boyadjieva N, Sarkar DK. Pituitary lactotrope expresses transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) type II receptor mRNA and protein and contains 125I-TGF beta 1 binding sites. J Endocrinol. 1996;149:19-27.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1490019

376. 376.

     Minami S, Sarkar DK. Transforming growth factor-β1 inhibits prolactin secretion and lactotropic cell proliferation in the pituitary of oestrogen-treated Fischer 344 rats. Eurochem Int. 1997;30:499-506.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0197-0186(96)00087-3

377. 377.

     Coya, Perez Gianzo Dieguez Alvarez. Effects of TGF-beta1 on prolactin synthesis and secretion: an in-vitro study. J Neuroendocrinol. 1999;11:351-360.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00336.x

378. 378.

     McAndrew J, Paterson AJ, Asa SL, McCarthy KJ, Kudlow JE. Targeting of transforming growth factor-alpha expression to pituitary lactotrophs in transgenic mice results in selective lactotroph proliferation and adenomas. Endocrinology. 1995;136:4479-4488.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.136.10.7664668

379. 379.

     Roh M, Paterson AJ, Asa SL, Chin E, Kudlow JE. Stage-sensitive blockade of pituitary somatomammotrope development by targeted expression of a dominant negative epidermal growth factor receptor in transgenic mice. Mol Endocrinol. 2001;15:600-613.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend.15.4.0625

380. 380.

     Peschon JJ, Slack JL, Reddy P, Stocking KL, Sunnarborg SW, Lee DC, Russell WE, Castner BJ, Johnson RS, Fitzner JN, Boyce RW, Nelson N, Kozlosky CJ, Wolfson MF, Rauch CT, Cerretti DP, Paxton RJ, March CJ, Black RA. An essential role for ectodomain shedding in mammalian development. Science. 1998;282:1281-1284.

     Not in our library10.1126/science.282.5392.1281

381. 381.

     Dong J, Opresko LK, Dempsey PJ, Lauffenburger DA, Coffey RJ, Wiley HS. Metalloprotease-mediated ligand release regulates autocrine signaling through the epidermal growth factor receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1999;96:6235-6240.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.96.11.6235

382. 382.

     Takemura T, Hino S, Kuwajima H, Yanagida H, Okada M, Nagata M, Sasaki S, Barasch J, Harris Rc Yoshioka K. Induction of collecting duct morphogenesis in vitro by heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12:964-972.

     Not in our library10.1681/asn.v125964

383. 383.

     Dempsey PJ, Coffey RJ. Basolateral targeting and efficient consumption of transforming growth factor-alpha when expressed in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:16878-16889.

     Not in our library

384. 384.

     Lauffenburger DA, Oehrtman GT, Walker L, Wiley HS. Real-time quantitative measurement of autocrine ligand binding indicates that autocrine loops are spatially localized. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998;95:15368-15373.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.95.26.15368

385. 385.

     Ezzat S, Walpola IA, Ramyar L, Smyth HS, Asa SL. Membrane-anchored expression of transforming growth factor-alpha in human pituitary adenoma cells. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:534-539.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem.80.2.7852516

386. 386.

     Dewitt AE, Dong JY, Wiley HS, Lauffenburger DA. Quantitative analysis of the EGF receptor autocrine system reveals cryptic regulation of cell response by ligand capture. J Cell Sci. 2001;114:2301-2313.

     Not in our library10.1242/jcs.114.12.2301

387. 387.

     Roh M, Paterson AJ, Liu K, McAndrew J, Chin E, Kudlow JE. Proteolytic processing of TGFα redirects its mitogenic activity: the membrane-anchored form is autocrine, the secreted form is paracrine. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005;1743:231-242.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.bbamcr.2004.10.017

388. 388.

     Billis WM, White BA. Effects of the protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, on prolactin gene expression in GH3 and 235–1 pituitary tumor cells. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1997;1358:31-38.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0167-4889(97)00053-0

389. 389.

     Missale C, Boroni F, Sigala S, Buriani A, Fabris M, Leon A, Dal Toso R, Spano P. Nerve growth factor in the anterior pituitary: localization in mammotroph cells and cosecretion with prolactin by a dopamine-regulated mechanism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:4240-4245.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.93.9.4240

390. 390.

     Patterson JC, Childs GV. Nerve growth factor and its receptor in the anterior pituitary. Endocrinology. 1994;135:1689-1696.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.135.4.7925133

391. 391.

     Missale C, Boroni F, Frassine M, Caruso A, Spano P. Nerve growth factor promotes the differentiation of pituitary mammotroph cells in vitro. Endocrinology. 1995;136:1205-1213.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.136.3.7867574

392. 392.

     Lopez-Dominguez AM, Espinosa JL, Navarrete A, Avila G, Cota G. Nerve growth factor affects Ca2+ currents via the p75 receptor to enhance prolactin mRNA levels in GH3 rat pituitary cells. J Physiol (Lond). 2006;574:349-365.

     Not in our library10.1113/jphysiol.2006.110791

393. 393.

     Proesmans M, Van Bael A, Andries M, Denef C. Mitogenic effects of nerve growth factor on different cell types in reaggregate cell cultures of immature rat pituitary. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1997;134:119-127.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0303-7207(97)00175-5

394. 394.

     Patterson JC, Childs GV. Nerve growth factor in the anterior pituitary: regulation of secretion. Endocrinology. 1994;135:1697-1704.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.135.4.7925134

395. 395.

     Fiorentini C, Guerra N, Facchetti M, Finardi A, Tiberio L, Schiaffonati L, Spano P, Missale C. Nerve growth factor regulates dopamine D2 receptor expression in prolactinoma cell lines via p75NGFR-mediated activation of nuclear factor-κB. Mol Endocrinol. 2002;16:353-366.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend.16.2.0773

396. 396.

     Kanyicska B, Freeman ME. Characterization of endothelin receptors in the anterior pituitary gland. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1993;265:E601-E608.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.1993.265.4.e601

397. 397.

     Hori S, Komatsu Y, Shigemoto R, Mizuno N, Nakanishi S. Distinct tissue distribution and cellular localization of two messenger ribonucleic acids encoding different subtypes of rat endothelin receptors. Endocrinology. 1992;130:1885-1895.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.130.4.1312429

398. 398.

     Kanyicska B, Lerant A, Freeman ME. Endothelin is an autocrine regulator of prolactin secretion. Endocrinology. 1998;139:5164-5173.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.139.12.6380

399. 399.

     Samson WK, Skala KD, Alexander BD, Huang FL. Pituitary site of action of endothelin: selective inhibition of prolactin release in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990;169:737-743.

     Not in our library10.1016/0006-291x(90)90393-2

400. 400.

     Domae M, Yamada K, Hanabusa Y, Furukawa T. Inhibitory effects of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 on prolactin release: possible involvement of endogenous endothelin isopeptides in the rat anterior pituitary. Life Sci. 1992;50:715-722.

     Not in our library10.1016/0024-3205(92)90474-4

401. 401.

     Kanyicska B, Burris TP, Freeman ME. Endothelin-3 inhibits prolactin and stimulates LH, FSH and TSH secretion from pituitary cell culture. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991;174:338-343.

     Not in our library10.1016/0006-291x(91)90525-c

402. 402.

     Andric SA, Zivadinovic D, Gonzalez-Iglesias AE, Lachowicz A, Tomic M, Stojilkovic SS. Endothelin-induced, long lasting, and Ca2+ influx-independent blockade of intrinsic secretion in pituitary cells by Gz subunits. J Biol Chem. 2005;280:26896-26903.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m502226200

403. 403.

     Kanyicska B, Livingstone JD, Freeman ME. Long term exposure to dopamine reverses the inhibitory effect of endothelin-1 on prolactin secretion. Endocrinology. 1995;136:990-994.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.136.3.7867609

404. 404.

     Kanyicska B, Sellix MT, Freeman ME. Autocrine regulation of prolactin secretion by endothelins throughout the estrous cycle. Endocrine. 2003;20:53-58.

     Not in our library10.1385/endo:20:1-2:53

405. 405.

     Kanyicska B, Sellix MT, Freeman ME. Autocrine regulation of prolactin secretion by endothelins: a permissive role for estradiol. Endocrine. 2001;16:133-137.

     Not in our library10.1385/endo:16:2:133

406. 406.

     Calvo JJ, Gonzalez R, De Carvalho LF, Takahashi K, Kanse SM, Hart GR, Ghatei MA, Bloom SR. Release of substance P from rat hypothalamus and pituitary by endothelin. Endocrinology. 1990;126:2288-2295.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-126-5-2288

407. 407.

     Broglio F, Prodam F, Riganti F, Muccioli G, Ghigo E. Ghrelin: from somatotrope secretion to new perspectives in the regulation of peripheral metabolic functions. Front Horm Res. 2006;35:102-114.

     Not in our library10.1159/000094313

408. 408.

     Caminos JE, Nogueiras R, Blanco M, Seoane LM, Bravo S, Alvarez CV, Garcia-Caballero T, Casanueva FF, Dieguez C. Cellular distribution and regulation of ghrelin messenger ribonucleic acid in the rat pituitary gland. Endocrinology. 2003;144:5089-5097.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2003-0529

409. 409.

     Nanzer AM, Khalaf S, Mozid AM, Fowkes RC, Patel MV, Burrin JM, Grossman AB, Korbonits M. Ghrelin exerts a proliferative effect on a rat pituitary somatotroph cell line via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Eur J Endocrinol. 2004;151:233-240.

     Not in our library10.1530/eje.0.1510233

410. 410.

     Korbonits M, Bustin SA, Kojima M, Jordan S, Adams EF, Lowe DG, Kangawa K, Grossman AB. The Expression of the growth hormone secretagogue receptor ligand ghrelin in normal and abnormal human pituitary and other neuroendocrine tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001;86:881-887.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem.86.2.7190

411. 411.

     Kamegai J, Tamura H, Shimizu T, Ishii S, Tatsuguchi A, Sugihara H, Oikawa S, Kineman RD. The role of pituitary ghrelin in growth hormone (GH) secretion. GH-releasing hormone-dependent regulation of pituitary ghrelin gene expression and peptide content. Endocrinology. 2004;145:3731-3738.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2003-1424

412. 412.

     Kamegai J, Tamura H, Shimizu T, Ishii S, Sugihara H, Oikawa S. Regulation of the ghrelin gene: growth hormone-releasing hormone upregulates ghrelin mRNA in the pituitary. Endocrinology. 2001;142:4154-4157.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.142.9.8492

413. 413.

     Kamegai1, Kineman Frohman Wakabayashi. Growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor (GNRH-R) and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) mRNA levels during postnatal development in male and female rats. J Neuroendocrinol. 1999;11:299-306.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00330.x

414. 414.

     Ezzat S, Laks D, Oster J, Melmed S. Growth-hormone regulation in primary fetal and neonatal rat pituitary cell-cultures − the role of thyroid-hormone. Endocrinology. 1991;128:937-943.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-128-2-937

415. 415.

     Johke T, Hodate K, Ohashi S, Shiraki M, Sawano S. Growth hormone response to human pancreatic growth hormone releasing factor in cattle. Endocrinol Jpn. 1984;31:55-61.

     Not in our library10.1507/endocrj1954.31.55

416. 416.

     Shulman DI, Sweetland M, Duckett G, Root AW. Age-related differences in the growth hormone secretory response to hGHRH 1-44 in male rats from infancy through puberty. In vivo and in vitro studies. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1987;116:138-144.

     Not in our library10.1530/acta.0.1160138

417. 417.

     Szabo M, Cuttler L. Differential responsiveness of the somatotroph to growth hormone-releasing factor during early neonatal development in the rat. Endocrinology. 1986;118:69-73.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-118-1-69

418. 418.

     Rieutort M. Pituitary content and plasma-levels of growth-hormone in fetal and weanling rats. J Endocrinol. 1974;60:261-268.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.0600261

419. 419.

     Strosser MT, Mialhe P. Growth-hormone secretion in rat as a function of age. Horm Metab Res. 1975;7:275-278.

     Not in our library10.1055/s-0028-1093753

420. 420.

     Garcia A, Alvarez CV, Smith RG, Dieguez C. Regulation of PIT-1 expression by ghrelin and GHRP-6 through the GH secretagogue receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2001;15:1484-1495.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend.15.9.0694

421. 421.

     Tamura H, Kamegai J, Sugihara H, Kineman RD, Frohman LA, Wakabayashi I. Glucocorticoids regulate pituitary growth hormone secretagogue receptor gene expression. J Neuroendocrinol. 2000;12:481-485.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.2000.00446.x

422. 422.

     Van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Bowers CY, de Zegher F, Bouillon R, Veldhuis JD. Growth hormone-releasing peptide-2 infusion synchronizes growth hormone, thyrotrophin and prolactin release in prolonged critical illness. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999;140:17-22.

     Not in our library10.1530/eje.0.1400017

423. 423.

     Miljic D, Pekic S, Djurovic M, Doknic M, Milic N, Casanueva FF, Ghatei M, Popovic V. Ghrelin has partial or no effect on appetite, growth hormone, prolactin, and cortisol release in patients with anorexia nervosa. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006;91:1491-1495.

     Not in our library10.1210/jc.2005-2304

424. 424.

     Lechan RM, Fekete C. The TRH neuron: a hypothalamic integrator of energy metabolism. Progr Brain Res. 2006;153:209-235.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0079-6123(06)53012-2

425. 425.

     Bruhn TO, Rondeel JM, Bolduc TG, Jackson IM. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) gene expression in the anterior pituitary. I. Presence of pro-TRH messenger ribonucleic acid and pro-TRH-derived peptide in a subpopulation of somatotrophs. Endocrinology. 1994;134:815-820.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.134.2.8299576

426. 426.

     Bruhn TO, Rondeel JM, Bolduc TG, Jackson IM. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the anterior pituitary. III. Stimulation by thyroid hormone: potentiation by glucocorticoids. Endocrinology. 1994;134:826-830.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.134.2.8299578

427. 427.

     Bruhn TO, Bolduc TG, Rondeel JM, Jackson IM. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the anterior pituitary. II. Stimulation by glucocorticoids. Endocrinology. 1994;134:821-825.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.134.2.8299577

428. 428.

     Bruhn TO, Rondeel JM, Bolduc TG, Jackson IM. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in cultured anterior pituitary cells: role of gender. Neuroendocrinology. 1995;61:77-84.

     Not in our library10.1159/000126815

429. 429.

     Yamada M, Monden T, Satoh T, Satoh N, Murakami M, Iriuchijima T, Kakegawa T, Mori M. Pituitary adenomas of patients with acromegaly express thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor messenger RNA. Cloning and functional expression of the human thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993;195:737-745.

     Not in our library10.1006/bbrc.1993.2107

430. 430.

     Sartorio A, Spada A, Bochicchio D, Atterrato A, Morabito F, Faglia G. Effect of thyrotropin-releasing hormone on growth hormone release in normal subjects pretreated with human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor 1–44 pulsatile administration. Neuroendocrinology. 1986;44:470-474.

     Not in our library10.1159/000124688

431. 431.

     Strbak V, Jurcovicova J, Vigas M. Thyroliberin (TRH) induced growth hormone (GH) release: test of maturation of hypothalamo-pituitary axis in postnatal rat. Endocrinol Exp. 1981;15:245-249.

     Not in our library

432. 432.

     Szabo M, Stachura ME, Paleologos N, Bybee DE, Frohman LA. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone stimulates growth hormone release from the anterior pituitary of hypothyroid rats in vitro. Endocrinology. 1984;114:1344-1351.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-114-4-1344

433. 433.

     Borges JL, Uskavitch DR, Kaiser DL, Cronin MJ, Evans WS, Thorner MO. Human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor-40 (hpGRF-40) allows stimulation of GH release by TRH. Endocrinology. 1983;113:1519-1521.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-113-4-1519

434. 434.

     Konaka S, Yamada M, Satoh T, Ozawa H, Watanabe E, Takata K, Mori M. Expression of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor mRNA in somatotrophs in the rat anterior pituitary. Endocrinology. 1997;138:827-830.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.138.2.5030

435. 435.

     Kuhn ER, Geelissen SME, Van der Geyten S, Darras VM. The release of growth hormone (GH): relation to the thyrotropic- and corticotropic axis in the chicken. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2005;29:43-51.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.domaniend.2005.02.022

436. 436.

     Perez FM, Malamed S, Scanes CG. Growth hormone secretion from chicken adenohypophyseal cells in primary culture: effects of human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and somatostatin on growth hormone release. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1987;65:408-414.

     Not in our library10.1016/0016-6480(87)90126-2

437. 437.

     Bruhn TO, Rondeel JM, Jackson IM. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone gene expression in the anterior pituitary. IV. Evidence for paracrine and autocrine regulation. Endocrinology. 1998;139:3416-3422.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.139.8.6146

438. 438.

     Ahima RS, Saper CB, Flier JS, Elmquist JK. Leptin regulation of neuroendocrine systems. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2000;21:263-307.

     Not in our library10.1006/frne.2000.0197

439. 439.

     Ricardo VL, Long J, Itaru T, Sergio V, Kalman K, Eva H, Bernd WS, Marta E, Couce Bartolome B. Leptin and leptin receptor in anterior pituitary function. Pituitary. 2001;4:33-47.

     Not in our library10.1023/a:1012982626401

440. 440.

     Jin L, Zhang S, Burguera BG, Couce ME, Osamura RY, Kulig E, Lloyd RV. Leptin and leptin receptor expression in rat and mouse pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 2000;141:333-339.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.141.1.7260

441. 441.

     Morash B, Li A, Murphy PR, Wilkinson M, Ur E. Leptin gene expression in the brain and pituitary gland. Endocrinology. 1999;140:5995-5998.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.140.12.7288

442. 442.

     Shimon I, Yan X, Magoffin DA, Friedman TC, Melmed S. Intact leptin receptor is selectively expressed in human fetal pituitary and pituitary adenomas and signals human fetal pituitary growth hormone secretion. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998;83:4059-4064.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem.83.11.5273

443. 443.

     Zamorano PL, Mahesh VB, De Sevilla LM, Chorich LP, Bhat GK, Brann DW. Expression and localization of the leptin receptor in endocrine and neuroendocrine tissues of the rat. Neuroendocrinology. 1997;65:223-228.

     Not in our library10.1159/000127276

444. 444.

     Spicer LJ. Leptin: a possible metabolic signal affecting reproduction. Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2001;21:251-270.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0739-7240(01)00120-5

445. 445.

     Masayuki S, Hidetaka N, Susumu T, Yoshiyuki RO. Expression and localization of leptin receptor in the normal rat pituitary gland. Cell Tissue Res. 2001;305:351-356.

     Not in our library10.1007/s004410100407

446. 446.

     Vidal S, Cohen SM, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Scheithauer BW, Burguera BG, Lloyd RV. Subcellular localization of leptin in non-tumorous and adenomatous human pituitaries: an immuno-ultrastructural study. J Histochem Cytochem. 2000;48:1147-1152.

     Not in our library10.1177/002215540004800811

447. 447.

     Nillni EA, Vaslet C, Harris M, Hollenberg A, Bjorbak C, Flier JS. Leptin regulates prothyrotropin-releasing hormone biosynthesis. Evidence for direct and indirect pathways. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:36124-36133.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m003549200

448. 448.

     Douyon L, Schteingart DE. Effect of obesity and starvation on thyroid hormone, growth hormone, and cortisol secretion. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2002;31:173-189.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0889-8529(01)00023-8

449. 449.

     Roh SG, Nie GY, Loneragan K, Gertler A, Chen C. Direct modification of somatotrope function by long-term leptin treatment of primary cultured ovine pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 2001;142:5167-5171.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.142.12.8559

450. 450.

     Saleri R, Giustina A, Tamanini C, Valle D, Burattin A, Wehrenberg WB, Baratta M. Leptin stimulates growth hormone secretion via a direct pituitary effect combined with a decreased somatostatin tone in a median eminence-pituitary perifusion study. Neuroendocrinology. 2004;79:221-228.

     Not in our library10.1159/000078103

451. 451.

     Baratta M, Saleri R, Mainardi GL, Valle D, Giustina A, Tamanini C. Leptin Regulates GH gene expression and secretion and nitric oxide production in pig pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 2002;143:551-557.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.143.2.8653

452. 452.

     McDuffie IA, Akhter N, Childs GV. Regulation of leptin mRNA and protein expression in pituitary somatotropes. J Histochem Cytochem. 2004;52:263-273.

     Not in our library10.1177/002215540405200214

453. 453.

     Tena-Sempere M, Pinilla L, Gonzalez LC, Navarro J, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF, Aguilar E. In vitro pituitary and testicular effects of the leptin-related synthetic peptide leptin(116–130) amide involve actions both similar to and distinct from those of the native leptin molecule in the adult rat. Eur J Endocrinol. 2000;142:406-410.

     Not in our library10.1530/eje.0.1420406

454. 454.

     Weber E, Voigt KH, Martin R. Pituitary somatotrophs contain [Met]enkephalin-like immunoreactivity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1978;75:6134-6138.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.75.12.6134

455. 455.

     Brown ER, Roth KA, Krause JE. Sexually dimorphic distribution of substance P in specific anterior pituitary cell populations. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1991;88:1222-1226.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.88.4.1222

456. 456.

     Cone RD. Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system. Nat Neurosci. 2005;8:571-578.

     Not in our library10.1038/nn1455

457. 457.

     Bitar KG, Bowers CY, Coy DH. Effect of substance P/bombesin antagonists on the release of growth hormone by GHRP and GHRH. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991;180:156-161.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0006-291x(05)81269-0

458. 458.

     Houben H, Denef C. Unexpected effects of peptide and nonpeptide substance P receptor antagonists on basal prolactin and growth hormone release in vitro. Peptides. 1993;14:109-115.

     Not in our library10.1016/0196-9781(93)90017-b

459. 459.

     Lutz L, Dufourny L, Skinner DC. Effect of nutrient restriction on the somatotropes and substance P-immunoreactive cells in the pituitary of the female ovine fetus. Growth Horm IGF Res. 2006;16:108-118.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.ghir.2006.02.003

460. 460.

     Debeljuk L, Wright JC, Phelps C, Bartke A. Transgenic mice overexpressing the growth-hormone-releasing hormone gene have high concentrations of tachykinins in the anterior pituitary gland. Neuroendocrinology. 1999;70:107-116.

     Not in our library10.1159/000054465

461. 461.

     Arisawa M, Snyder GD, De Palatis L, Ho RH, Xu RK, Pan G, McCann SM. Role of substance P in suppressing growth hormone release in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86:7290-7294.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.86.18.7290

462. 462.

     Bilezikjian LM, Blount AL, Donaldson CJ, Vale WW. Pituitary actions of ligands of the TGF-β family: activins and inhibins. Reproduction. 2006;132:207-215.

     Not in our library10.1530/rep.1.01073

463. 463.

     Bilezikjian LM, Blount AL, Leal AMO, Donaldson CJ, Fischer WH, Vale WW. Autocrine/paracrine regulation of pituitary function by activin, inhibin and follistatin. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2004;225:29-36.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.mce.2004.02.010

464. 464.

     Roberts V, Meunier H, Vaughan J, Rivier J, Rivier C, Vale W, Sawchenko P. Production and regulation of inhibin subunits in pituitary gonadotropes. Endocrinology. 1989;124:552-554.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-124-1-552

465. 465.

     Uchiyama H, Komazaki S, Asashima M, Kikuyama S. Occurrence of immunoreactive activin/inhibin βB in gonadotrophs, thyrotrophs, and somatotrophs of the Xenopus pituitary. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1996;102:1-10.

     Not in our library10.1006/gcen.1996.0039

466. 466.

     Uchiyama H, Koda A, Komazaki S, Oyama M, Kikuyama S. Occurrence of immunoreactive activin/inhibin βB in thyrotropes and gonadotropes in the bullfrog pituitary: possible paracrine/autocrine effects of activin B on gonadotropin secretion. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 2000;118:68-76.

     Not in our library10.1006/gcen.2000.7456

467. 467.

     Ge W, Peter RE. Activin-like peptides in somatotrophs and activin stimulation of growth hormone release in goldfish. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1994;95:213-221.

     Not in our library10.1006/gcen.1994.1118

468. 468.

     Corrigan AZ, Bilezikjian LM, Carroll RS, Bald LN, Schmelzer CH, Fendly BM, Mason AJ, Chin WW, Schwall RH, Vale W. Evidence for an autocrine role of activin B within rat anterior pituitary cultures. Endocrinology. 1991;128:1682-1684.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-128-3-1682

469. 469.

     Coss D, Thackray VG, Deng CX, Mellon PL. Activin regulates luteinizing hormone β-subunit gene expression through Smad-binding and homeobox elements. Mol Endocrinol. 2005;19:2610-2623.

     Not in our library10.1210/me.2005-0047

470. 470.

     Yam KM, Yoshiura Y, Kobayashi M, Ge W. Recombinant goldfish activin B stimulates gonadotropin-Iβ but inhibits gonadotropin-IIβ expression in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. Gen Comp Endocrinol. 1999;116:81-89.

     Not in our library10.1006/gcen.1999.7339

471. 471.

     Chapman SC, Bernard DJ, Jelen J, Woodruff TK. Properties of inhibin binding to betaglycan, InhBP/p120 and the activin type II receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2002;196:79-93.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0303-7207(02)00227-7

472. 472.

     Harrison CA, Gray PC, Vale WW, Robertson DM. Antagonists of activin signaling: mechanisms and potential biological applications. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2005;16:73-78.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.tem.2005.01.003

473. 473.

     Carroll RS, Corrigan AZ, Gharib SD, Vale W, Chin WW. Inhibin, activin, and follistatin: regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone messenger ribonucleic acid levels. Mol Endocrinol. 1989;3:1969-1976.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend-3-12-1969

474. 474.

     Kumar TR, Agno J, Janovick JA, Conn PM, Matzuk MM. Regulation of FSHβ and GnRH receptor gene expression in activin receptor II knockout male mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2003;212:19-27.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.mce.2003.09.019

475. 475.

     Bohnsack BL, Szabo M, Kilen SM, Tam DHY, Schwartz NB. Follistatin suppresses steroid-enhanced follicle-stimulating hormone release in vitro in rats. Biol Reprod. 2000;62:636-641.

     Not in our library10.1095/biolreprod62.3.636

476. 476.

     Leal AM, Blount AL, Donaldson CJ, Bilezikjian LM, Vale WW. Regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion by the interactions of activin-A, dexamethasone and testosterone in anterior pituitary cell cultures of male rats. Neuroendocrinology. 2003;77:298-304.

     Not in our library10.1159/000070896

477. 477.

     Spady TJ, Shayya R, Thackray VG, Ehrensberger L, Bailey JS, Mellon PL. Androgen regulates follicle-stimulating hormone β gene expression in an activin-dependent manner in immortalized gonadotropes. Mol Endocrinol. 2004;18:925-940.

     Not in our library10.1210/me.2003-0115

478. 478.

     Burger LL, Haisenleder DJ, Wotton GM, Aylor KW, Dalkin AC, Marshall JC. The regulation of FSHβ transcription by gonadal steroids: testosterone and estradiol modulation of the activin intracellular signaling pathway. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;293:E277-E285.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.00447.2006

479. 479.

     Depaolo LV. Hypersecretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) after ovariectomy of hypophysectomized, pituitary-grafted rats: implications for local regulatory control of FSH. Endocrinology. 1991;128:1731-1740.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-128-4-1731

480. 480.

     Depaolo LV, Bald LN, Fendly BM. Passive immunoneutralization with a monoclonal antibody reveals a role for endogenous activin-B in mediating FSH hypersecretion during estrus and following ovariectomy of hypophysectomized, pituitary-grafted rats. Endocrinology. 1992;130:1741-1743.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.130.3.1537320

481. 481.

     Depaolo LV, Mercado M, Guo Y, Ling N. Increased follistatin (activin-binding protein) gene expression in rat anterior pituitary tissue after ovariectomy may be mediated by pituitary activin. Endocrinology. 1993;132:2221-2228.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.132.5.8477666

482. 482.

     Baratta M, West LA, Turzillo AM, Nett TM. Activin modulates differential effects of estradiol on synthesis and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone in ovine pituitary cells. Biol Reprod. 2001;64:714-719.

     Not in our library10.1095/biolreprod64.2.714

483. 483.

     Miller CD, Miller WL. Transcriptional repression of the ovine follicle-stimulating hormone-beta gene by 17 beta-estradiol. Endocrinology. 1996;137:3437-3446.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.8.8754772

484. 484.

     Noguchi K, Arita J, Nagamoto A, Hosaka M, Kimura F. A quantitative analysis of testosterone action on FSH secretion from individual pituitary cells using the cell immunoblot assay. J Endocrinol. 1996;148:427-433.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1480427

485. 485.

     Rush ME. Effects of LH-releasing hormone antagonist or lesions of the medial basal hypothalamus on periovulatory gonadotrophin release in female rats. J Endocrinol. 1985;106:361-366.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1060361

486. 486.

     Schwartz NB, Rivier C, Rivier J, Vale WW. Effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists on serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone under conditions of singular follicle-stimulating hormone secretion. Biol Reprod. 1985;32:391-398.

     Not in our library10.1095/biolreprod32.2.391

487. 487.

     Elias KA, Blake CA. A detailed in vitro characterization of the basal follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone secretion rates during the rat four-day estrous cycle. Endocrinology. 1981;109:708-713.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-109-3-708

488. 488.

     Weiss J, Harris PE, Halvorson LM, Crowley WF, Jameson JL. Dynamic regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone-beta messenger ribonucleic acid levels by activin and gonadotropin-releasing hormone in perifused rat pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 1992;131:1403-1408.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.131.3.1505470

489. 489.

     Burger LL, Dalkin AC, Aylor KW, Haisenleder DJ, Marshall JC. GnRH pulse frequency modulation of gonadotropin subunit gene transcription in normal gonadotropes − assessment by primary transcript assay provides evidence for roles of GnRH and follistatin. Endocrinology. 2002;143:3243-3249.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2002-220216

490. 490.

     Childs G, Ellison D, Foster L, Ramaley JA. Postnatal maturation of gonadotropes in the male rat pituitary. Endocrinology. 1981;109:1683-1692.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-109-5-1683

491. 491.

     Wilson ME, Handa RJ. Activin subunit, follistatin, and activin receptor gene expression in the prepubertal female rat pituitary. Biol Reprod. 1998;59:278-283.

     Not in our library10.1095/biolreprod59.2.278

492. 492.

     Wilson ME, Handa RJ. Direct actions of gonadal steroid hormones on FSH secretion and expression in the infantile female rat. J Ster Biochem Mol Biol. 1998;66:71-78.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0960-0760(98)00007-7

493. 493.

     Herath CB, Yamashita M, Watanabe G, Jin W, Tangtrongsup S, Kojima A, Groome NP, Suzuki AK, Taya K. Regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion by estradiol and dimeric inhibins in the infantile female rat. Biol Reprod. 2001;65:1623-1633.

     Not in our library10.1095/biolreprod65.6.1623

494. 494.

     Maclusky NJ, Chaptal C, McEwen BS. The development of estrogen receptor systems in the rat brain and pituitary: postnatal development. Brain Res. 1979;178:143-160.

     Not in our library10.1016/0006-8993(79)90094-5

495. 495.

     Wilson ME, Price RH, Handa RJ. Estrogen receptor-β messenger ribonucleic acid expression in the pituitary gland. Endocrinology. 1998;139:5151-5156.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.139.12.6354

496. 496.

     Nagamoto A, Noguchi K, Murai T, Kinoshita Y. Significant role of 5 alpha-reductase on feedback effects of androgen in rat anterior pituitary cells demonstrated with a nonsteroidal 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor ONO-3805. J Androl. 1994;15:521-527.

     Not in our library

497. 497.

     Denef C, Magnus C, McEwen BS. Sex differences and hormonal control of testosterone metabolism in rat pituitary and brain. J Endocrinol. 1973;59:605-621.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.0590605

498. 498.

     Denef C. Evidence that pituitary 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone formation is regulated through changes in the proportional number and size of the gonadotrophic cells. Neuroendocrinology. 1979;29:132-139.

     Not in our library10.1159/000122914

499. 499.

     Gospodarowicz D, Lau K. Pituitary follicular cells secrete both vascular endothelial growth factor and follistatin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989;165:292-298.

     Not in our library10.1016/0006-291x(89)91068-1

500. 500.

     Kogawa K, Nakamura T, Sugino K, Takio K, Titani K, Sugino H. Activin-binding protein is present in pituitary. Endocrinology. 1991;128:1434-1440.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-128-3-1434

501. 501.

     Kaiser UB, Lee BL, Carroll RS, Unabia G, Chin WW, Childs GV. Follistatin gene expression in the pituitary: localization in gonadotropes and folliculostellate cells in diestrous rats. Endocrinology. 1992;130:3048-3056.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.130.5.1572312

502. 502.

     Bilezikjian LM, Corrigan AZ, Vaughan JM, Vale WM. Activin-A regulates follistatin secretion from cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 1993;133:2554-2560.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.133.6.8243277

503. 503.

     Lee BL, Unabia G, Childs G. Expression of follistatin mRNA by somatotropes and mammotropes early in the rat estrous cycle. J Histochem Cytochem. 1993;41:955-960.

     Not in our library10.1177/41.7.8515053

504. 504.

     Fischer WH, Park M, Donaldson C, Wiater E, Vaughan J, Bilezikjian LM, Vale W. Residues in the C-terminal region of activin A determine specificity for follistatin and type II receptor binding. J Endocrinol. 2003;176:61-68.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1760061

505. 505.

     Besecke LM, Guendner MJ, Schneyer AL, Bauer-Dantoin AC, Jameson JL, Weiss J. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone regulates follicle-stimulating hormone-beta gene expression through an activin/follistatin autocrine or paracrine loop. Endocrinology. 1996;137:3667-3673.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.9.8756531

506. 506.

     Dalkin AC, Haisenleder DJ, Gilrain JT, Aylor K, Yasin M, Marshall JC. Regulation of pituitary follistatin and inhibin/activin subunit messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) in male and female rats: evidence for inhibin regulation of follistatin mRNA in females. Endocrinology. 1998;139:2818-2823.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.139.6.6057

507. 507.

     Kawakami S, Fujii Y, Okada Y, Winters SJ. Paracrine regulation of FSH by follistatin in folliculostellate cell-enriched primate pituitary cell cultures. Endocrinology. 2002;143:2250-2258.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.143.6.8857

508. 508.

     Kirk SE, Dalkin AC, Yasin M, Haisenleder DJ, Marshall JC. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse frequency regulates expression of pituitary follistatin messenger ribonucleic acid: a mechanism for differential gonadotrope function. Endocrinology. 1994;135:876-880.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.135.3.8070381

509. 509.

     Ortolano GA, Haisenleder DJ, Dalkin AC, Iliff-Sizemore SA, Landefeld TD, Maurer RA, Marshall JC. Follicle-stimulating hormone beta subunit messenger ribonucleic acid concentrations during the rat estrous cycle. Endocrinology. 1988;123:2946-2948.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-123-6-2946

510. 510.

     Halvorson LM, Weiss J, Bauer-Dantoin AC, Jameson JL. Dynamic regulation of pituitary follistatin messenger ribonucleic acids during the rat estrous cycle. Endocrinology. 1994;134:1247-1253.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.134.3.8119165

511. 511.

     Woodruff TK, Besecke LM, Groome N, Draper LB, Schwartz NB, Weiss J. Inhibin A and inhibin B are inversely correlated to follicle-stimulating hormone, yet are discordant during the follicular phase of the rat estrous cycle, and inhibin A is expressed in a sexually dimorphic manner. Endocrinology. 1996;137:5463-5467.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.12.8940372

512. 512.

     Besecke LM, Guendner MJ, Sluss PA, Polak AG, Woodruff TK, Jameson JL, Bauer-Dantoin AC, Weiss J. Pituitary follistatin regulates activin-mediated production of follicle-stimulating hormone during the rat estrous cycle. Endocrinology. 1997;138:2841-2848.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.138.7.5279

513. 513.

     Brann DW, Bhat GK, Lamar CA, Mahesh VB. Gaseous transmitters and neuroendocrine regulation. Neuroendocrinology. 1997;65:385-395.

     Not in our library10.1159/000127201

514. 514.

     Kostic TS, Andric SA, Stojilkovic SS. Spontaneous and receptor-controlled soluble guanylyl cyclase activity in anterior pituitary cells. Mol Endocrinol. 2001;15:1010-1022.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend.15.6.0648

515. 515.

     Lloyd RV, Jin L, Qian X, Zhang S, Scheithauer BW. Nitric oxide synthase in the human pituitary gland. Am J Pathol. 1995;146:86-94.

     Not in our library

516. 516.

     Ceccatelli S, Hulting A, Zhang X, Gustafsson L, Villar M, Hokfelt T. Nitric oxide synthase in the rat anterior pituitary gland and the role of nitric oxide in regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1993;90:11292-11296.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.90.23.11292

517. 517.

     Ceccatelli S. Expression and plasticity of NO synthase in the neuroendocrine system. Brain Res Bull. 1997;44:533-538.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0361-9230(97)00239-6

518. 518.

     Gonzalez-Hernandez T, Gonzalez MC. Gender differences and the effect of different endocrine situations on the NOS expression pattern in the anterior pituitary gland. J Histochem Cytochem. 2000;48:1639-1648.

     Not in our library10.1177/002215540004801207

519. 519.

     Garrel G, Lerrant Y, Siriostis C, Berault A, Magre S, Bouchaud C, Counis R. Evidence that gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates gene expression and levels of active nitric oxide synthase type i in pituitary gonadotrophs, a process altered by desensitization and, indirectly, by gonadal steroids. Endocrinology. 1998;139:2163-2170.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.139.4.5890

520. 520.

     Lozach A, Garrel G, Lerrant Y, Berault A, Counis R. GnRH-dependent up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase I level in pituitary gonadotrophs mediates cGMP elevation during rat proestrus. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1998;143:43-51.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0303-7207(98)00135-x

521. 521.

     Chatterjee S, Collins TJ, Yallampalli C. Inhibition of nitric oxide facilitates LH release from rat pituitaries. Life Sci. 1997;61:45-50.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0024-3205(97)00356-1

522. 522.

     Barnes MJ, Lapanowski K, Rafols JA, Lawson DM, Dunbar JC. GnRH and gonadotropin release is decreased in chronic nitric oxide deficiency. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 2001;226:701-706.

     Not in our library10.1177/153537020222600717

523. 523.

     Friebe A, Koesling D. Regulation of nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase. Circ Res. 2003;93:96-105.

     Not in our library10.1161/01.res.0000082524.34487.31

524. 524.

     Naor Z, Catt KJ. Independent actions of gonadotropin releasing hormone upon cyclic GMP production and luteinizing hormone release. J Biol Chem. 1980;255:342-344.

     Not in our library

525. 525.

     Yamada K, Xu ZQ, Zhang X, Gustafsson L, Hulting AL, de Vente J, Steinbusch HW, Hokfelt T. Nitric oxide synthase and cGMP in the anterior pituitary gland: effect of a GnRH antagonist and nitric oxide donors. Neuroendocrinology. 1997;65:147-156.

     Not in our library10.1159/000127175

526. 526.

     Wei X, Sasaki M, Huang H, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. The orphan nuclear receptor, steroidogenic factor 1, regulates neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene expression in pituitary gonadotropes. Mol Endocrinol. 2002;16:2828-2839.

     Not in our library10.1210/me.2001-0273

527. 527.

     Chiodera P, Volpi R, Manfredi G, Bortesi ML, Capretti L, Magotti MG, Saccanijotti G, Coiro V. Effect of oxytocin on nitric oxide activity controlling gonadotropin secretion in humans. Eur J Clin Invest. 2003;33:402-405.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01122.x

528. 528.

     Gobbetti A, Zerani M. In vitro nitric oxide effects on basal and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced gonadotropin secretion by pituitary gland of male crested newt (Triturus carnifex) during the annual reproductive cycle. Biol Reprod. 1999;60:1217-1223.

     Not in our library10.1095/biolreprod60.5.1217

529. 529.

     Uretsky AD, Weiss BL, Yunker WK, Chang JP. Nitric oxide produced by a novel nitric oxide synthase isoform is necessary for gonadotropin-releasing hormone-induced growth hormone secretion via a cGMP-dependent mechanism. J Neuroendocrinol. 2003;15:667-676.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01046.x

530. 530.

     Grandclement B, Brisson C, Bayard F, Tremblay J, Gossard F, Morel G. Localization of mRNA coding for the three subtypes of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) receptors in rat anterior pituitary gland cells. J Neuroendocrinol. 1995;7:939-948.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.1995.tb00739.x

531. 531.

     Fowkes RC, Forrest-Owen W, McArdle CA. C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) effects in anterior pituitary cell lines: evidence for homologous desensitisation of CNP-stimulated cGMP accumulation in alpha T3-1 gonadotroph-derived cells. J Endocrinol. 2000;166:195-203.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1660195

532. 532.

     McArdle CA, Poch A, Kappler K. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate production in the pituitary: stimulation by C-type natriuretic peptide and inhibition by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in alpha T3-1 cells. Endocrinology. 1993;132:2065-2072.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.132.5.7682940

533. 533.

     Tezuka M, Irahara M, Ogura K, Kiyokawa M, Tamura T, Matsuzaki T, Yasui T, Aono T. Effects of leptin on gonadotropin secretion in juvenile female rat pituitary cells. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002;146:261-266.

     Not in our library10.1530/eje.0.1460261

534. 534.

     Ogura K, Irahara M, Kiyokawa M, Tezuka M, Matsuzaki T, Yasui T, Kamada M, Aono T. Effects of leptin on secretion of LH and FSH from primary cultured female rat pituitary cells. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001;144:653-658.

     Not in our library10.1530/eje.0.1440653

535. 535.

     Kosior-Korzecka U, Bobowiec R. Leptin effect on nitric oxide and GnRH-induced FSH secretion from ovine pituitary cells in vitro. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;57:637-647.

     Not in our library

536. 536.

     Iqbal J, Pompolo S, Considine RV, Clarke IJ. Localization of leptin receptor-like immunoreactivity in the corticotropes, somatotropes, and gonadotropes in the ovine anterior pituitary. Endocrinology. 2000;141:1515-1520.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.141.4.7433

537. 537.

     YuWH, Walczewska A, Karanth S, McCann SM. Nitric oxide mediates leptin-induced luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and LHRH and leptin-induced LH release from the pituitary gland. Endocrinology. 1997;138:5055-5058.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.138.11.5649

538. 538.

     De Biasi SN, Apfelbaum LI, Apfelbaum ME. In vitro effect of leptin on LH release by anterior pituitary glands from female rats at the time of spontaneous and steroid-induced LH surge. Eur J Endocrinol. 2001;145:659-665.

     Not in our library10.1530/eje.0.1450659

539. 539.

     Sutton SW, Toyama TT, Otto S, Plotsky PM. Evidence that neuropeptide Y (NPY) released into the hypophysial-portal circulation participates in priming gonadotropes to the effects of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Endocrinology. 1988;123:1208-1210.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-123-2-1208

540. 540.

     Bauer-Dantoin AC, Urban JH, Levine JE. Neuropeptide Y gene expression in the arcuate nucleus is increased during preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges. Endocrinology. 1992;131:2953-2958.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.131.6.1446633

541. 541.

     Hill JW, Urban JH, Xu M, Levine JE. Estrogen induces neuropeptide Y (NPY) Y1 receptor gene expression and responsiveness to NPY in gonadotrope-enriched pituitary cell cultures. Endocrinology. 2004;145:2283-2290.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2003-1368

542. 542.

     Bauer-Dantoin AC, Knox KL, Schwartz NB, Levine JE. Estrous cycle stage-dependent effects of neuropeptide-Y on luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone-stimulated LH and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion from anterior pituitary fragments in vitro. Endocrinology. 1993;133:2413-2417.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.133.6.8243258

543. 543.

     Xu M, Hill JW, Levine JE. Attenuation of luteinizing hormone surges in neuropeptide Y knockout mice. Neuroendocrinology. 2000;72:263-271.

     Not in our library10.1159/000054595

544. 544.

     Bauer-Dantoin AC, McDonald JK, Levine JE. Neuropeptide Y potentiates luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing hormone-stimulated LH surges in pentobarbital-blocked proestrous rats. Endocrinology. 1991;129:402-408.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-129-1-402

545. 545.

     Leupen SM, Besecke LM, Levine JE. Neuropeptide Y Y1-receptor stimulation is required for physiological amplification of preovulatory luteinizing hormone surges. Endocrinology. 1997;138:2735-2739.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.138.7.5223

546. 546.

     Minami S, Frautschy SA, Plotsky PM, Sutton SW, Sarkar DK. Facilitatory role of neuropeptide Y on the onset of puberty: effect of immunoneutralization of neuropeptide Y on the release of luteinizing hormone and luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone. Neuroendocrinology. 1990;52:112-115.

     Not in our library10.1159/000125548

547. 547.

     Moore JP, Burger LL, Dalkin AC, Winters SJ. Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide messenger RNA in the paraventricular nucleus and anterior pituitary during the rat estrous cycle. Biol Reprod. 2005;73:491-499.

     Not in our library10.1095/biolreprod.105.041624

548. 548.

     Szabo E, Nemeskeri A, Arimura A, Koves K. Effect of PACAP on LH release studied by cell immunoblot assay depends on the gender, on the time of day and in female rats on the day of the estrous cycle. Regul Pept. 2004;123:139-145.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.regpep.2004.04.021

549. 549.

     Ortmann O, Asmus W, Diedrich K, Schulz KD, Emons G. Interactions of ovarian steroids with pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and GnRH in anterior pituitary cells. Eur J Endocrinol. 1999;140:207-214.

     Not in our library10.1530/eje.0.1400207

550. 550.

     Tsujii T, Ishizaka K, Winters SJ. Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on gonadotropin secretion and subunit messenger ribonucleic acids in perifused rat pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 1994;135:826-833.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.135.3.7915230

551. 551.

     Winters SJ, Dalkin AC, Tsujii T. Evidence that pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide suppresses follicle-stimulating hormone-β messenger ribonucleic acid levels by stimulating follistatin gene transcription. Endocrinology. 1997;138:4324-4329.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.138.10.5441

552. 552.

     Garrel G, Lozach A, Bachir LK, Laverriere JN, Counis R. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide stimulates nitric-oxide synthase type I expression and potentiates the cGMP response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone of rat pituitary gonadotrophs. J Biol Chem. 2002;277:46391-46401.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m203763200

553. 553.

     Stojilkovic SS, Merelli F, Iida T, Krsmanovic LZ, Catt KJ. Endothelin stimulation of cytosolic calcium and gonadotropin secretion in anterior pituitary cells. Science. 1990;248:1663-1666.

     Not in our library10.1126/science.2163546

554. 554.

     Harden TK, Boyer JL, Nicholas RA. P-2-purinergic receptors − subtype-associated signaling responses and structure. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1995;35:541-579.

     Not in our library10.1146/annurev.pa.35.040195.002545

555. 555.

     Tomic M, Jobin RM, Vergara LA, Stojilkovic SS. Expression of purinergic receptor channels and their role in calcium signaling and hormone release in pituitary gonadotrophs. Integration of P2 channels in plasma membrane- and endoplasmic reticulum-derived calcium oscillations. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:21200-21208.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.271.35.21200

556. 556.

     Chen Z, Kratzmeier M, Levy A, McArdle CA, Poch A, Day A, Mukhopadhyay AK, Lightman SL. Evidence for a role of pituitary ATP receptors in the regulation of pituitary function. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1995;92:5219-5223.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.92.11.5219

557. 557.

     Rees DA, Scanlon MF, Ham J. Novel insights into how purines regulate pituitary cell function. Clin Sci. 2003;104:467-481.

     Not in our library10.1042/cs20030053

558. 558.

     Stojilkovic SS, Koshimizu Ta. Signaling by extracellular nucleotides in anterior pituitary cells. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2001;12:218-225.

     Not in our library10.1016/s1043-2760(01)00387-3

559. 559.

     Mu-Lan H, Arturo E, Gonzalez-Iglesias Melanija T, Stanko S, Stojilkovic SS. Release and extracellular metabolism of ATP by ecto-nucleotidase eNTPDase 1GÇô3 in hypothalamic and pituitary cells. Purin Signal. 2005;1:135-144.

     Not in our library10.1007/s11302-005-6208-y

560. 560.

     Herbert Z. Extracellular metabolism of ATP and other nucleotides. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol. 2000;362:299-309.

     Not in our library10.1007/s002100000309

561. 561.

     Chen ZP, Levy A, McArdle CA, Lightman SL. Pituitary ATP receptors: characterization and functional localization to gonadotropes. Endocrinology. 1994;135:1280-1283.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.135.3.8070374

562. 562.

     Jobin RM, Vergara LA, Stojilkovic SS. Expression of purinergic receptor channels and their role in calcium signaling and hormone release in pituitary gonadotrophs: integration of P2 channels in plasma membrane- and endoplasmic reticulum-derived calcium oscillations. J Biol Chem. 1996;271:21200-21208.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.271.35.21200

563. 563.

     Zemkova H, Balik A, Jiang Y, Kretschmannova K, Stojilkovic SS. Roles of purinergic P2X receptors as pacemaking channels and modulators of calcium-mobilizing pathway in pituitary gonadotrophs. Mol Endocrinol. 2006;20:1423-1436.

     Not in our library10.1210/me.2005-0508

564. 564.

     Aguilera G, Rabadan-Diehl C. Vasopressinergic regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: implications for stress adaptation. Regul Pept. 2000;96:23-29.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0167-0115(00)00196-8

565. 565.

     Gillies GE, Linton EA, Lowry PJ. Corticotropin releasing activity of the new CRF is potentiated several times by vasopressin. Nature. 1982;299:355-357.

     Not in our library10.1038/299355a0

566. 566.

     Levin N, Blum M, Roberts JL. Modulation of basal and corticotropin-releasing factor-stimulated proopiomelanocortin gene expression by vasopressin in rat anterior pituitary. Endocrinology. 1989;125:2957-2966.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-125-6-2957

567. 567.

     Turnbull AV, Smith GW, Lee S, Vale WW, Lee KF, Rivier C. CRF type I receptor-deficient mice exhibit a pronounced pituitary-adrenal response to local inflammation. Endocrinology. 1999;140:1013-1017.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.140.2.6675

568. 568.

     Chateau M, Marchetti J, Burlet A, Boulange M. Evidence of vasopressin in adenohypophysis: research into its role in corticotrope activity. Neuroendocrinology. 1979;28:25-35.

     Not in our library10.1159/000122841

569. 569.

     Loh YP, Castro MG, Zeng FJ, Patel-Vaidya U. Presence of pro-vasopressin mRNA, neurophysin and arginine vasopressin in mouse anterior pituitary cells and the AtT-20 corticotrophic tumour cell line. J Mol Endocrinol. 1988;1:39-48.

     Not in our library10.1677/jme.0.0010039

570. 570.

     Lolait SJ, Markwick AJ, McNally M, Abraham J, Smith AI, Funder JW. Anterior pituitary cells from Brattleboro (di/di), Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats contain immunoreactive arginine vasopressin. Neuroendocrinology. 1986;43:577-583.

     Not in our library10.1159/000124584

571. 571.

     Terrier C, Chabot JG, Pautrat G, Jeandel L, Gray D, Lutz-Bucher B, Zingg HH, Morel G. Arginine-vasopressin in anterior pituitary cells: in situ hybridization of mRNA and ultrastructural localization of immunoreactivity. Neuroendocrinology. 1991;54:303-311.

     Not in our library10.1159/000125892

572. 572.

     Childs GV, Westlund KN, Unabia G. Characterization of anterior pituitary target cells for arginine vasopressin: including cells that store adrenocorticotropin, thyrotropin-beta, and both hormones. Endocrinology. 1989;125:554-559.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-125-1-554

573. 573.

     Childs GV. Structure-function correlates in the corticotropes of the anterior pituitary. Front Neuroendocrinol. 1992;13:271-317.

     Not in our library

574. 574.

     Schwartz J, Cherny R. Intercellular communication within the anterior pituitary influencing the secretion of hypophysial hormones. Endocr Rev. 1992;13:453-475.

     Not in our library10.1210/edrv-13-3-453

575. 575.

     van de Pavert SA, Clarke IJ, Rao A, Vrana KE, Schwartz J. Effects of vasopressin and elimination of corticotropin-releasing hormone-target cells on pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA levels and adrenocorticotropin secretion in ovine anterior pituitary cells. J Endocrinol. 1997;154:139-147.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1540139

576. 576.

     Jia LG, Canny BJ, Leong DA. Paracrine communication regulates adrenocorticotropin secretion. Endocrinology. 1992;130:534-539.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.130.1.1309348

577. 577.

     Nolan LA, Kavanagh E, Lightman SL, Levy A. Anterior pituitary cell population control: basal cell turnover and the effects of adrenalectomy and dexamethasone treatment. J Neuroendocrinol. 1998;10:207-215.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.1998.00191.x

578. 578.

     Nolan LA, Levy A. A population of non-luteinising hormone/non-adrenocorticotrophic hormone-positive cells in the male rat anterior pituitary responds mitotically to both gonadectomy and adrenalectomy. J Neuroendocrinol. 2006;18:655-661.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.2006.01459.x

579. 579.

     Subburaju S, Aguilera G. Vasopressin mediates mitogenic responses to adrenalectomy in the rat anterior pituitary. Endocrinology. 2007;148:73102-73110.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2007-0103

580. 580.

     Bruhn TO, Plotsky PM, Vale WW. Effect of paraventricular lesions on corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in the stalk-median eminence: studies on the adrenocorticotropin response to ether stress and exogenous CRF. Endocrinology. 1984;114:57-62.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-114-1-57

581. 581.

     Nolan LA, Thomas CK, Levy A. Pituitary mitosis and apoptotic responsiveness following adrenalectomy are independent of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus CRH input. J Endocrinol. 2004;181:521-529.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1810521

582. 582.

     McNicol AM, Murray JE, McMeekin W. Vasopressin stimulation of cell proliferation in the rat pituitary gland in vitro. J Endocrinol. 1990;126:255-259.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1260255

583. 583.

     Pecori GF, Cavagnini F. Corticotropin-releasing hormone is produced by rat corticotropes and modulates ACTH secretion in a paracrine/autocrine fashion. J Clin Invest. 1998;101:2478-2484.

     Not in our library10.1172/jci443

584. 584.

     Wong ML, al Shekhlee A, Bongiorno PB, Esposito A, Khatri P, Sternberg EM, Gold PW, Licinio J. Localization of urocortin messenger RNA in rat brain and pituitary. Mol Psychiatry. 1996;1:307-312.

     Not in our library

585. 585.

     Iino K, Sasano H, Oki Y, Andoh N, Shin RW, Kitamoto T, Totsune K, Takahashi K, Suzuki H, Nagura H, Yoshimi T. Urocortin expression in human pituitary gland and pituitary adenoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:3842-3850.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem.82.11.4371

586. 586.

     Holloway AC, Howe DC, Chan G, Clifton VL, Smith R, Challis JRG. Urocortin: a mechanism for the sustained activation of the HPA axis in the late-gestation ovine fetus? Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002;283:E165-E171.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.00497.2001

587. 587.

     Yamauchi N, Otagiri A, Nemoto T, Sekino A, Oono H, Kato I, Yanaihara C, Shibasaki T. Distribution of urocortin 2 in various tissues of the rat. J Neuroendocrinol. 2005;17:656-663.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01354.x

588. 588.

     Nemoto T, Iwasaki-Sekino A, Yamauchi N, Shibasaki T. Regulation of the expression and secretion of urocortin 2 in rat pituitary. J Endocrinol. 2007;192:443-452.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.1.07023

589. 589.

     Lewis K, Li C, Perrin MH, Blount A, Kunitake K, Donaldson C, Vaughan J, Reyes TM, Gulyas J, Fischer W, Bilezikjian L, Rivier J, Sawchenko PE, Vale WW. Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:7570-7575.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.121165198

590. 590.

     Dautzenberg FM, Hauger RL. The CRF peptide family and their receptors: yet more partners discovered. Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2002;23:71-77.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0165-6147(02)01946-6

591. 591.

     Kageyama K, Li C, Vale WW. Corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2 messenger ribonucleic acid in rat pituitary: localization and regulation by immune challenge, restraint stress, and glucocorticoids. Endocrinology. 2003;144:1524-1532.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2002-221046

592. 592.

     den Ouden DT, Kroon M, Hoogland PH, Geelhoed-Duijvestijn Phlm Wit JM. A 43-year-old male with untreated panhypopituitarism due to absence of the pituitary stalk: from dwarf to giant. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:5430-5434.

     Not in our library10.1210/jc.2002-020672

593. 593.

     De Groef B, Goris N, Arckens L, Kuhn ER, Darras VM. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-induced thyrotropin release is directly mediated through CRH receptor type 2 on thyrotropes. Endocrinology. 2003;144:5537-5544.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2003-0526

594. 594.

     Carmeliet P, Baes M, Denef C. The glucocorticoid hormone dexamethasone reverses the growth hormone-releasing properties of the cholinomimetic carbachol. Endocrinology. 1989;124:2625-2634.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-124-5-2625

595. 595.

     Lamacz M, Tonon MC, Louiset E, Cazin L, Strosberg D, Vaudry H. Acetylcholine stimulates alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone release from frog pituitary melanotrophs through activation of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Endocrinology. 1989;125:707-714.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-125-2-707

596. 596.

     Louiset E, Cazin L, Duval O, Lamacz M, Tonon MC, Vaudry H. effect of acetylcholine on the electrical and secretory activities of frog pituitary melanotrophs. Brain Res. 1990;533:300-308.

     Not in our library10.1016/0006-8993(90)91353-i

597. 597.

     Van Strien FJ, Roubos EW, Vaudry H, Jenks BG. Acetylcholine autoexcites the release of proopiomelanocortin-derived peptides from melanotrope cells of Xenopus laevis via an M1 muscarinic receptor. Endocrinology. 1996;137:4298-4307.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.10.8828489

598. 598.

     Mungrue IN, Bredt DS. nNOS at a glance: implications for brain and brawn. J Cell Sci. 2004;117:2627-2629.

     Not in our library10.1242/jcs.01187

599. 599.

     Nakajima Y, Uchiyama M, Shirai Y, Sakuma Y, Kato M. Acetylcholine increases intracellular Ca2+ in the rat pituitary folliculostellate cells in primary culture. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2001;280:E608-E615.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.2001.280.4.e608

600. 600.

     Pu HF, Tan SK, Chen HL, Jea JC, Liu TC. Muscarinic regulation of basal versus thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced prolactin secretion in rat anterior pituitary cells: differential roles of nitric oxide and intracellular calcium mobilization. Neuroendocrinology. 1999;70:324-331.

     Not in our library10.1159/000054493

601. 601.

     Carmeliet P, Van Damme J, Denef C. Interleukin-1 beta inhibits acetylcholine synthesis in the pituitary corticotropic cell line AtT20. Brain Res. 1989;491:199-203.

     Not in our library10.1016/0006-8993(89)90106-6

602. 602.

     Pu HF, Liu TC. Differential involvement of protein kinase C in basal versus acetylcholine-regulated prolactin secretion in rat anterior pituitary cells during aging. J Cell Biochem. 2002;86:268-276.

     Not in our library10.1002/jcb.10213

603. 603.

     Walaas I, Fonnum F. Effect of parenteral glutamate treatment on localization of neurotransmitters in mediobasal hypothalamus. Brain Res. 1978;153:549-562.

     Not in our library10.1016/0006-8993(78)90339-6

604. 604.

     Meister B, Gomuc B, Suarez E, Ishii Y, Durr K, Gillberg L. Hypothalamic proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons have a cholinergic phenotype. Eur J Neurosci. 2006;24:2731-2740.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.05157.x

605. 605.

     Grunberg NE, Bowen DJ, Winders SE. Effects of nicotine on body weight and food consumption in female rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1986;90:101-105.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00172879

606. 606.

     Levin ED, Morgan MM, Galvez C, Ellison GD. Chronic nicotine and withdrawal effects on body weight and food and water consumption in female rats. Physiol Behav. 1987;39:441-444.

     Not in our library10.1016/0031-9384(87)90370-2

607. 607.

     Yamada M, Miyakawa T, Duttaroy A, Yamanaka A, Moriguchi T, Makita R, Ogawa M, Chou CJ, Xia B, Crawley JN, Felder CC, Deng CX, Wess J. Mice lacking the M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor are hypophagic and lean. Nature. 2001;410:207-212.

     Not in our library10.1038/35065604

608. 608.

     Janowski BA, Wehrenberg WB. Effects of passive immunization of growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin on growth hormone secretion under conditions of high somatostatin tone. Life Sci. 1992;50:951-958.

     Not in our library10.1016/0024-3205(92)90173-m

609. 609.

     Janowski BA, Ling NC, Giustina A, Wehrenberg WB. Hypothalamic regulation of growth-hormone secretion during food-deprivation in the rat. Life Sci. 1993;52:981-987.

     Not in our library10.1016/0024-3205(93)90534-a

610. 610.

     Park S, Sohn S, Kineman RD. Fasting-induced changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-GH axis in the absence of GH expression: lessons from the spontaneous dwarf rat. J Endocrinol. 2004;180:369-378.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1800369

611. 611.

     Park S, Peng XD, Frohman LA, Kineman RD. Expression analysis of hypothalamic and pituitary components of the growth hormone axis in fasted and streptozotocin-treated neuropeptide Y (NPY)-intact (NPY+/+) and NPY-knockout (NPY–/–) mice. Neuroendocrinology. 2005;81:360-371.

     Not in our library10.1159/000089101

612. 612.

     Doyon C, Samson P, Lalonde J, Richard D. Effects of the CRF1 receptor antagonist SSR125543 on energy balance and food deprivation-induced neuronal activation in obese Zucker rats. J Endocrinol. 2007;193:11-19.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.1.07064

613. 613.

     Domin J, Ghatei MA, Chohan P, Bloom SR. Neuromedin U − a study of its distribution in the rat. Peptides. 1987;8:779-784.

     Not in our library10.1016/0196-9781(87)90058-1

614. 614.

     Steel JH, Van Noorden S, Ballesta J, Gibson SJ, Ghatei MA, Burrin J, Leonhardt U, Domin J, Bloom SR, Polak JM. Localization of 7B2, neuromedin B, and neuromedin U in specific cell types of rat, mouse, and human pituitary, in rat hypothalamus, and in 30 human pituitary and extrapituitary tumors. Endocrinology. 1988;122:270-282.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-122-1-270

615. 615.

     Brailoiu GC, Dun SL, Yang J, Ohsawa M, Chang JK, Dun NJ. Apelin-immunoreactivity in the rat hypothalamus and pituitary. Neurosci Lett. 2002;327:193-197.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00411-1

616. 616.

     Hanada T, Date Y, Shimbara T, Sakihara S, Murakami N, Hayashi Y, Kanai Y, Suda T, Kangawa K, Nakazato M. Central actions of neuromedin U via corticotropin-releasing hormone. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2003;311:954-958.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.098

617. 617.

     Ivanov TR, Lawrence CB, Stanley PJ, Luckman SM. Evaluation of neuromedin U actions in energy homeostasis and pituitary function. Endocrinology. 2002;143:3813-3821.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2002-220121

618. 618.

     Raddatz R, Wilson AE, Artymyshyn R, Bonini JA, Borowsky B, Boteju LW, Zhou S, Kouranova EV, Nagorny R, Guevarra MS, Dai M, Lerman GS, Vaysse PJ, Branchek TA, Gerald C, Forray C, Adham N. Identification and characterization of two neuromedin U receptors differentially expressed in peripheral tissues and the central nervous system. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:32452-32459.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m004613200

619. 619.

     Fujii R, Hosoya M, Fukusumi S, Kawamata Y, Habata Y, Hinuma S, Onda H, Nishimura O, Fujino M. Identification of neuromedin U as the cognate ligand of the orphan G protein-coupled receptor FM-3. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:21068-21074.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m001546200

620. 620.

     Szekeres PG, Muir AI, Spinage LD, Miller JE, Butler SI, Smith A, Rennie GI, Murdock PR, Fitzgerald LR, Wu HI, McMillan LJ, Guerrera S, Vawter L, Elshourbagy NA, Mooney JL, Bergsma DJ, Wilson S, Chambers JK. Neuromedin U is a potent agonist at the orphan G protein-coupled receptor FM3. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:20247-20250.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.c000244200

621. 621.

     Shan L, Qiao X, Crona JH, Behan J, Wang S, Laz T, Bayne M, Gustafson EL, Monsma FJ, Hedrick JA. Identification of a novel neuromedin U receptor subtype expressed in the central nervous system. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:39482-39486.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.c000522200

622. 622.

     Hosoya M, Moriya T, Kawamata Y, Ohkubo S, Fujii R, Matsui H, Shintani Y, Fukusumi S, Habata Y, Hinuma S, Onda H, Nishimura O, Fujino M. Identification and functional characterization of a novel subtype of neuromedin U receptor. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:29528-29532.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m004261200

623. 623.

     Domin J, Steel JH, Adolphus N, Burrin JM, Leonhardt U, Polak JM, Bloom SR. The anterior pituitary content of neuromedin U-like immunoreactivity is altered by thyrotrophin-releasing hormone and thyroid hormone status in the rat. J Endocrinol. 1989;122:471-476.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1220471

624. 624.

     Reaux-Le Goazigo A, Alvear-Perez R, Zizzari P, Epelbaum J, Bluet-Pajot MT, Llorens-Cortes C. Cellular localization of apelin and its receptor in the anterior pituitary: evidence for a direct stimulatory action of apelin on ACTH release. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2007;292:E7-E15.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.00521.2005

625. 625.

     De Mota N, Lenkei Z, Llorens-Cortes C. Cloning, pharmacological characterization and brain distribution of the rat apelin receptor. Neuroendocrinology. 2000;72:400-407.

     Not in our library10.1159/000054609

626. 626.

     O'Carroll AM, Selby TL, Palkovits M, Lolait SJ. Distribution of mRNA encoding B78/apj, the rat homologue of the human APJ receptor, and its endogenous ligand apelin in brain and peripheral tissues. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000;1492:72-80.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0167-4781(00)00072-5

627. 627.

     Dannies PS. A new releasing factor? With biotechnology and a little bit of luck. Endocrinology. 1997;138:5085-5086.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.138.12.5710

628. 628.

     Mori M, Vigh S, Miyata A, Yoshihara T, Oka S, Arimura A. Oxytocin is the major prolactin releasing factor in the posterior pituitary. Endocrinology. 1990;126:1009-1013.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-126-2-1009

629. 629.

     Toth BE, Homicsko K, Radnai B, Maruyama W, Demaria JE, Vecsernyes M, Fekete MIK, Fulop F, Naoi M, Freeman ME, Nagy GM. Salsolinol is a putative endogenous neuro-intermediate lobe prolactin-releasing factor. J Neuroendocrinol. 2001;13:1042-1050.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00725.x

630. 630.

     Allen DL, Low MJ, Allen RG, Ben Jonathan N. Identification of two classes of prolactin-releasing factors in intermediate lobe tumors from transgenic mice. Endocrinology. 1995;136:3093-3099.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.136.7.7789336

631. 631.

     Lin Chang C, Roh J, Park JI, Klein C, Cushman N, Haberberger RV, Hsu SYT. Intermedin functions as a pituitary paracrine factor regulating prolactin release. Mol Endocrinol. 2005;19:2824-2838.

     Not in our library10.1210/me.2004-0191

632. 632.

     Roh J, Chang CL, Bhalla A, Klein C, Hsu SYT. Intermedin is a calcitonin/calcitonin gene-related peptide family peptide acting through the calcitonin receptor-like receptor/receptor activity-modifying protein receptor complexes. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:7264-7274.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m305332200

633. 633.

     Taylor MM, Bagley SL, Samson WK. Intermedin/adrenomedullin-2 inhibits growth hormone release from cultured, primary anterior pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 2006;147:859-864.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2005-0949

634. 634.

     Sexton P, Morfis M, Tilakaratne N, Hay D, Udawela M, Christopoulos G, Christopoulos A. Complexing receptor pharmacology: modulation of family B G protein-coupled receptor function by RAMPs. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2006;1070:90-104.

     Not in our library10.1196/annals.1317.076

635. 635.

     Doods H, Hallermayer G, Wu D, Entzeroth M, Rudolf K, Engel W, Eberlein W. Pharmacological profile of BIBN4096BS, the first selective small molecule CGRP antagonist. Br J Pharmacol. 2000;129:420-423.

     Not in our library10.1038/sj.bjp.0703110

636. 636.

     Hefco E, Krulich L, Illner P, Larsen PR. Effect of acute exposure to cold on the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid system. Endocrinology. 1975;97:1185-1195.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-97-5-1185

637. 637.

     Domin J, Polak JM, Bloom SR. The distribution and biological effects of neuromedins B and U. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1988;547:391-403.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb23905.x

638. 638.

     Rettori V, Milenkovic L, Fahim AM, Polak J, Bloom SR, McCann SM. Role of neuromedin B in the control of the release of thyrotropin in the rat. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86:4789-4792.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.86.12.4789

639. 639.

     Rettori V, Pazos-Moura CC, Moura EG, Polak J, McCann SM. Role of neuromedin B in control of the release of thyrotropin in hypothyroid and hyperthyroid rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89:3035-3039.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.89.7.3035

640. 640.

     Pazos-Moura CC, Moura EG, Rettori V, Polak J, McCann SM. Role of neuromedin B in the in vitro thyrotropin release in response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone from anterior pituitaries of eu-, hypo-, and hyperthyroid rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1996;211:353-358.

     Not in our library10.3181/00379727-211-43980

641. 641.

     Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Curty FH, Nascimento-Saba CC, Moura EG, Polak J, Pazos-Moura CC. Pituitary neuromedin B content in experimental fasting and diabetes mellitus and correlation with thyrotropin secretion. Metabolism. 1997;46:149-153.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90293-6

642. 642.

     Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Polak J, McCann S, Pazos-Moura CC. Effect of thyroid hormones on pituitary neuromedin B and possible interaction between thyroid hormones and neuromedin B on thyrotropin secretion. Regul Pept. 1996;67:47-53.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0167-0115(96)00106-1

643. 643.

     Curty FH, Lisboa PC, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Pazos-Moura CC. The somatostatin analogue octreotide modulates iodothyronine deiodinase activity and pituitary neuromedin B. Thyroid. 2000;10:647-652.

     Not in our library10.1089/10507250050137716

644. 644.

     Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Oliveira KDJ, Morales MM, Martins VP, Pazos-Moura CC. Thyrotropin secretagogues reduce rat pituitary neuromedin B, a local thyrotropin release inhibitor. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 2003;228:1083-1088.

     Not in our library10.1177/153537020322800916

645. 645.

     Oliveira KJ, Ortiga-Carvalho TM, Cabanelas A, Veiga Malc Aoki K, Ohki-Hamazaki H, Wada K, Wada E, Pazos-Moura CC. Disruption of neuromedin B receptor gene results in dysregulation of the pituitary-thyroid axis. J Mol Endocrinol. 2006;36:73-80.

     Not in our library10.1677/jme.1.01892

646. 646.

     da Veiga Malc Jesus Oliveira K, Curty FH, de Moura CCP. Thyroid hormones modulate the endocrine and autocrine/paracrine actions of leptin on thyrotropin secretion. J Endocrinol. 2004;183:243-247.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.1.05746

647. 647.

     Schwartz J, Pham T, Rao A, Funder JW. Effect of AVP on susceptibility of ovine pituitary cells to a cytotoxic analogue of CRF. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1991;260:E905-E909.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.1991.260.6.e905

648. 648.

     Pals K, Vankelecom H, Denef C. Triiodothyronine expands the lactotroph and maintains the lactosomatotroph population, whereas thyrotrophin-releasing hormone augments thyrotroph abundance in aggregate cell cultures of postnatal rat pituitary gland. J Neuroendocrinol. 2006;18:203-216.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01404.x

649. 649.

     Seuntjens E, Hauspie A, Vankelecom H, Denef C. Ontogeny of plurihormonal cells in the anterior pituitary of the mouse, as studied by means of hormone mRNA detection in single cells. J Neuroendocrinol. 2002;14:611-619.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.2002.00808.x

650. 650.

     Allaerts W, Fluitsma DM, Hoefsmit EC, Jeucken PH, Morreau H, Bosman FT, Drexhage HA. Immunohistochemical, morphological and ultrastructural resemblance between dendritic cells and folliculo-stellate cells in normal human and rat anterior pituitaries. J Neuroendocrinol. 1996;8:17-29.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.1996.tb00682.x

651. 651.

     Sato T, Inoue K. Dendritic cells in the rat pituitary gland evaluated by the use of monoclonal antibodies and electron microscopy. Arch Histol Cytol. 2000;63:291-303.

     Not in our library10.1679/aohc.63.291

652. 652.

     Tilemans D, Vijver VV, Verhoeven G, Denef C. Production of transferrin-like immunoreactivity by rat anterior pituitary and intermediate lobe. J Histochem Cytochem. 1995;43:657-664.

     Not in our library10.1177/43.7.7608520

653. 653.

     Lepore DA, Thomas GPL, Knight KR, Hussey AJ, Callahan T, Wagner J, Morrison WA, Thomas PQ. Survival and differentiation of pituitary colony-forming cells in vivo. Stem Cells. 2007;25:1730-1736.

     Not in our library10.1634/stemcells.2007-0012

654. 654.

     Lepore DA, Jokubaitis VJ, Simmons PJ, Roeszler KN, Rossi R, Bauer K, Thomas PQ. A role for angiotensin-converting enzyme in the characterization, enrichment, and proliferation potential of adult murine pituitary colony-forming cells. Stem Cells. 2006;24:2382-2390.

     Not in our library10.1634/stemcells.2006-0085

655. 655.

     Lepore DA, Roeszler K, Wagner J, Ross SA, Bauer K, Thomas PQ. Identification and enrichment of colony-forming cells from the adult murine pituitary. Exp Cell Res. 2005;308:166-176.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.yexcr.2005.04.023

656. 656.

     Krylyshkina O, Chen J, Mebis L, Denef C, Vankelecom H. Nestin-immunoreactive cells in rat pituitary are neither hormonal nor typical folliculo-stellate cells. Endocrinology. 2005;146:2376-2387.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2004-1209

657. 657.

     Chen J, Hersmus N, Duppen VV, Caesens P, Denef C, Vankelecom H. The adult pituitary contains a cell population displaying stem/progenitor cell and early embryonic characteristics. Endocrinology. 2005;146:3985-3998.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2005-0185

658. 658.

     Chen J, Crabbe A, Van Duppen V, Vankelecom H. The notch signaling system is present in the postnatal pituitary: marked expression and regulatory activity in the newly discovered side population. Mol Endocrinol. 2006;20:3293-3307.

     Not in our library10.1210/me.2006-0293

659. 659.

     Otto C, tom Dieck S, Bauer K. Dipeptide uptake by adenohypophysial folliculostellate cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 1996;271:C210-C217.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpcell.1996.271.1.c210

660. 660.

     Inoue K, Matsumoto H, Koyama C, Shibata K, Nakazato Y, Ito A. Establishment of a folliculo-stellate-like cell line from a murine thyrotropic pituitary tumor. Endocrinology. 1992;131:3110-3116.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.131.6.1446645

661. 661.

     Chen L, Maruyama D, Sugiyama M, Sakai T, Mogi C, Kato M, Kurotani R, Shirasawa N, Takaki A, Renner U, Kato Y, Inoue K. Cytological characterization of a pituitary folliculo-stellate-like cell line, Tpit/F1, with special reference to adenosine triphosphate-mediated neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide secretion. Endocrinology. 2000;141:3603-3610.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.141.10.7710

662. 662.

     Danila DC, Zhang X, Zhou Y, Dickersin GR, Fletcher JA, Hedley-Whyte ET, Selig MK, Johnson SR, Klibanski A. A human pituitary tumor-derived folliculostellate cell line. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:1180-1187.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem.85.3.6424

663. 663.

     Itakura E, Odaira K, Yokoyama K, Osuna M, Hara T, Inoue K. Generation of transgenic rats expressing green fluorescent protein in S-100β-producing pituitary folliculo-stellate cells and brain astrocytes. Endocrinology. 2007;148:1518-1523.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2006-1390

664. 664.

     Vila-Porcile E. Le réseau des cellules folliculo-stellaires et les follicules de l'adénohypophyse du rat (pars distalis). Cell Tiss Res. 1972;129:328-369.

     Not in our library

665. 665.

     Soji T, Mabuchi Y, Kurono C, Herbert DC. Folliculo-stellate cells and intercellular communication within the rat anterior pituitary gland. Microsc Res Tech. 1997;39:138-149.

     Not in our library10.1002/(sici)1097-0029(19971015)39:2<138::aid-jemt5>3.0.co;2-h

666. 666.

     Mabuchi Y, Maruyama H, Yashiro T, Tanida S, Kurono C, Honda N, Kato H, Herbert DC. Sealing of the follicular lumen of the anterior pituitary gland of the male rat. Tissue Cell. 1996;28:631-635.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0040-8166(96)80066-8

667. 667.

     Herbert DC. Intercellular junctions in the rhesus monkey pars distalis. Anat Rec. 1979;195:1-6.

     Not in our library10.1002/ar.1091950101

668. 668.

     Allaerts W, Denef C. Regulatory activity and topological distribution of folliculo-stellate cells in rat anterior pituitary cell aggregates. Neuroendocrinology. 1989;49:409-418.

     Not in our library10.1159/000125146

669. 669.

     Allaerts W, Engelborghs Y, Van Oostveldt P, Denef C. Evidence that folliculo-stellate cells do not impede the permeability of intercellular spaces to molecular diffusion in three-dimensional aggregate cell cultures of rat anterior pituitary. Endocrinology. 1990;127:1517-1525.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-127-3-1517

670. 670.

     Leatherland JF, Renfree MB. Ultrastructure of the nongranulated cells and morphology of the extracellular spaces in the pars distalis of adult and pouch-young tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii). Cell Tissue Res. 1982;227:439-450.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00210898

671. 671.

     Ferrara N, Fujii DK, Goldsmith PC, Widdicombe JH, Weiner RI. Transport epithelial characteristics of cultured bovine pituitary follicular cells. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 1987;252:E304-E312.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpendo.1987.252.3.e304

672. 672.

     Ferrara N, Gospodarowicz D. Regulation of ion transport in hypophysial pars intermedia follicular cell monolayers. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988;157:1376-1382.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0006-291x(88)81027-1

673. 673.

     Morand I, Fonlupt P, Guerrier A, Trouillas J, Calle A, Remy C, Rousset B, Munari-Silem Y. Cell-to-cell communication in the anterior pituitary: evidence for gap junction-mediated exchanges between endocrine cells and folliculostellate cells. Endocrinology. 1996;137:3356-3367.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.8.8754762

674. 674.

     Fauquier T, Lacampagne A, Travo P, Bauer K, Mollard P. Hidden face of the anterior pituitary. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2002;13:304-309.

     Not in our library10.1016/s1043-2760(02)00616-1

675. 675.

     Bonnefont X, Lacampagne A, Sanchez-Hormigo A, Fino E, Creff A, Mathieu MN, Smallwood S, Carmignac D, Fontanaud P, Travo P, Alonso G, Courtois-Coutry N, Pincus SM, Robinson Icaf Mollard P. Revealing the large-scale network organization of growth hormone-secreting cells. Proceedings of the Natl Acad Sci USA. 2005;102:16880-16885.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.0508202102

676. 676.

     Magoulas C, McGuinness L, Balthasar N, Carmignac DF, Sesay AK, Mathers KE, Christian H, Candeil L, Bonnefont X, Mollard P. Robinson Icaf. a secreted fluorescent reporter targeted to pituitary growth hormone cells in transgenic mice. Endocrinology. 2000;141:4681-4689.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.141.12.7828

677. 677.

     Vitale ML, Cardin J, Gilula NB, Eloisa Carbajal M, Pelletier RM. Dynamics of connexin 43 levels and distribution in the mink (Mustela vison) anterior pituitary are associated with seasonal changes in anterior pituitary prolactin content. Biol Reprod. 2001;64:625-633.

     Not in our library10.1095/biolreprod64.2.625

678. 678.

     Givalois L, Dornand J, Mekaouche M, Solier MD, Bristow AF, Ixart G, Siaud P, Assenmacher I, Barbanel G. Temporal cascade of plasma level surges in ACTH, corticosterone, and cytokines in endotoxin-challenged rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 1994;267:R164-R170.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpregu.1994.267.1.r164

679. 679.

     Parrott RF, Vellucci SV, Goode JA, Lloyd DM, Forsling ML. Cyclo-oxygenase mediation of endotoxin-induced fever, anterior and posterior pituitary hormone release, and hypothalamic c-Fos expression in the prepubertal pig. Exp Physiol. 1995;80:663-674.

     Not in our library10.1113/expphysiol.1995.sp003876

680. 680.

     Yoo MJ, Nishihara M, Takahashi M. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediates endotoxin induced suppression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator activity in the rat. Endocr J. 1997;44:141-148.

     Not in our library10.1507/endocrj.44.141

681. 681.

     van PT, Van Zee KJ, Endert E, Coyle SM, Stiles DM, Pribble JP, Catalano MA, Moldawer LL, Lowry SF. Interleukin-1 receptor blockade does not affect endotoxin-induced changes in plasma thyroid hormone and thyrotropin concentrations in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1995;80:1341-1346.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem.80.4.7714108

682. 682.

     Turnbull AV, Rivier CL. Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis by cytokines: actions and mechanisms of action. Physiol Rev. 1999;79:1-71.

     Not in our library10.1152/physrev.1999.79.1.1

683. 683.

     Makara GB, Stark E, Palkovits M. Afferent pathways of stressful stimuli: corticotrophin release after hypothalamic deafferentation. J Endocrinol. 1970;47:411-416.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.0470411

684. 684.

     Marton J, Stark E, Makara GB, Palkovits M. Stress-induced ACTH release after removal of the hypothalamus in rats with atrophied neural lobe. Acta Physiol Acad Sci Hung. 1975;46:247-251.

     Not in our library

685. 685.

     Besedovsky HO, del Rey A, Sorkin E. Lymphokine-containing supernatants from con A-stimulated cells increase corticosterone blood levels. J Immunol. 1981;126:385-387.

     Not in our library

686. 686.

     Silverman MN, Miller AH, Biron CA, Pearce BD. Characterization of an interleukin-6- and adrenocorticotropin-dependent, immune-to-adrenal pathway during viral infection. Endocrinology. 2004;145:3580-3589.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2003-1421

687. 687.

     Bodey B, Siegel S, Kaiser HE, Bodey B, Siegel SE, Kaiser HE. Thymic accessory cells, including dendritic type antigen presenting cells, within the mammalian thymic microenvironment. Cancer Growth and Progression. 2004;17:115-145.

     Not in our library

688. 688.

     Beishuizen A, Thijs LG. Endotoxin and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. J Endotoxin Res. 2003;9:3-24.

     Not in our library10.1179/096805103125001298

689. 689.

     Lohrer P, Gloddek J, Nagashima AC, Korali Z, Hopfner U, Pereda MP, Arzt E, Stalla GK, Renner U. Lipopolysaccharide directly stimulates the intrapituitary interleukin-6 production by folliculostellate cells via specific receptors and the p38α mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB pathway. Endocrinology. 2000;141:4457-4465.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.141.12.7811

690. 690.

     Whiteside MB, Quan N, Herkenhan M. Induction of pituitary cytokine transcripts by peripheral lipopolysaccharide. J Neuroendocrinol. 1999;11:115-120.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.1999.00297.x

691. 691.

     Quan N, Whiteside M, Herkenham M. Time course and localization patterns of interleukin-1β messenger rna expression in brain and pituitary after peripheral administration of lipopolysaccharide. Neuroscience. 1998;83:281-293.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0306-4522(97)00350-3

692. 692.

     Bernton EW, Beach JE, Holaday JW, Smallridge RC, Fein HG. Release of multiple hormones by a direct action of interleukin-1 on pituitary cells. Science. 1987;238:519-521.

     Not in our library10.1126/science.2821620

693. 693.

     Kehrer P, Turnill D, Dayer JM, Muller AF, Gaillard RC. Human recombinant interleukin-1 beta and -alpha, but not recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha stimulate ACTH release from rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro in a prostaglandin E2 and cAMP independent manner. Neuroendocrinology. 1988;48:160-166.

     Not in our library10.1159/000125004

694. 694.

     Spangelo BL, Macleod RM, Isakson PC. Production of interleukin-6 by anterior pituitary cells in vitro. Endocrinology. 1990;126:582-586.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-126-1-582

695. 695.

     Velkeniers B, Vergani P, Trouillas J, D'Haens J, Hooghe RJ, Hooghe-Peters EL. Expression of IL-6 mRNA in normal rat and human pituitaries and in human pituitary adenomas. J Histochem Cytochem. 1994;42:67-76.

     Not in our library10.1177/42.1.8263325

696. 696.

     Vankelecom H, Carmeliet P, Van Damme J, Billiau A, Denef C. Production of interleukin-6 by folliculo-stellate cells of the anterior pituitary gland in a histiotypic cell aggregate culture system. Neuroendocrinology. 1989;49:102-106.

     Not in our library10.1159/000125097

697. 697.

     Vankelecom H, Matthys P, Van Damme J, Heremans H, Billiau A, Denef C. Immunocytochemical evidence that S-100-positive cells of the mouse anterior pituitary contain interleukin-6 immunoreactivity. J Histochem Cytochem. 1993;41:151-156.

     Not in our library10.1177/41.2.8419456

698. 698.

     Turnbull AV, Prehar S, Kennedy AR, Little RA, Hopkins SJ. Interleukin-6 is an afferent signal to the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis during local inflammation in mice. Endocrinology. 2003;144:1894-1906.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2002-220964

699. 699.

     Venihaki M, Dikkes P, Carrigan A, Karalis KP. Corticotropin-releasing hormone regulates IL-6 expression during inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2001;108:1159-1166.

     Not in our library10.1172/jci12869

700. 700.

     Gloddek J, Lohrer P, Stalla J, Arzt E, Stalla GK, Renner U. The intrapituitary stimulatory effect of lipopolysaccharide on ACTH secretion is mediated by paracrine-acting IL-6. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2001;109:410-415.

     Not in our library10.1055/s-2001-18995

701. 701.

     Arzt E, Pereda MP, Castro CP, Pagotto U, Renner U, Stalla GK. Pathophysiological role of the cytokine network in the anterior pituitary gland. Front Neuroendocrinol. 1999;20:71-95.

     Not in our library10.1006/frne.1998.0176

702. 702.

     Spangelo BL, Judd AM, Isakson PC, Macleod RM. Interleukin-1 stimulates interleukin-6 release from rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro. Endocrinology. 1991;128:2685-2692.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-128-6-2685

703. 703.

     Perlstein RS, Mougey EH, Jackson WE, Neta R. Interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 act synergistically to stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone in vivo. Lymphokine Cytokine Res. 1991;10:141-146.

     Not in our library

704. 704.

     Chida D, Imaki T, Suda T, Iwakura Y. Involvement of corticotropin-releasing hormone- and interleukin (IL)-6-dependent proopiomelanocortin induction in the anterior pituitary during hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation by IL-1α. Endocrinology. 2005;146:5496-5502.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2005-0409

705. 705.
     Interleukin-6 is an essential, corticotropin-releasing hormone-independent stimulator of the adrenal axis during immune system activation · 2000

     Not checked
706. 706.

     Thomas KH, Patrick C, Peter LR, Stephen KT, Robert C, Eric MS. Evidence for the production and action of interleukin-10 in pituitary cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1994;14:59-69.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf02088589

707. 707.

     Peter LR, Eric MS, Patrick C, Opp MR, Stephen KT, Thomas KH. Presence of interleukin-10 transcripts in human pituitary and hypothalamus. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 1995;15:289-296.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf02073335

708. 708.

     Stefano GB, Prevot V, Beauvillain JC, Hughes TK. Interleukin-10 stimulation of corticotrophin releasing factor median eminence in rats: evidence for dependence upon nitric oxide production. Neurosci Lett. 1998;256:167-170.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0304-3940(98)00703-4

709. 709.

     Smith EM, Cadet P, Stefano GB, Opp MR, Hughes TK. IL-10 as a mediator in the HPA axis and brain. J Neuroimmunol. 1999;100:140-148.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0165-5728(99)00206-4

710. 710.

     Auernhammer CJ, Melmed S. Interleukin-11 stimulates proopiomelanocortin gene expression and adrenocorticotropin secretion in corticotroph cells: evidence for a redundant cytokine network in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis. Endocrinology. 1999;140:1559-1566.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.140.4.6636

711. 711.

     Auernhammer CJ, Melmed S. Leukemia-inhibitory factor − neuroimmune modulator of endocrine function. Endocr Rev. 2000;21:313-345.

     Not in our library10.1210/edrv.21.3.0400

712. 712.

     Akita S, Malkin J, Melmed S. Disrupted murine leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) gene attenuates adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion. Endocrinology. 1996;137:3140-3143.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.7.8770940

713. 713.

     Kariagina A, Romanenko D, Ren SG, Chesnokova V. Hypothalamic-pituitary cytokine network. Endocrinology. 2004;145:104-112.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2003-0669

714. 714.

     Yamaguchi M, Matsuzaki N, Hirota K, Miyake A, Tanizawa O. Interleukin 6 possibly induced by interleukin 1 beta in the pituitary gland stimulates the release of gonadotropins and prolactin. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1990;122:201-205.

     Not in our library10.1530/acta.0.1220201

715. 715.

     Murata T, Ying SY. Effects of interleukin-1 beta on secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) by cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Life Sci. 1991;49:447-453.

     Not in our library10.1016/0024-3205(91)90587-2

716. 716.

     Bilezikjian LM, Turnbull AV, Corrigan AZ, Blount AL, Rivier CL, Vale WW. Interleukin-1β regulates pituitary follistatin and inhibin/activin βB mRNA levels and attenuates FSH secretion in response to activin-A. Endocrinology. 1998;139:3361-3364.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.139.7.6190

717. 717.

     Koenig JI, Snow K, Clark BD, Toni R, Cannon JG, Shaw AR, Dinarello CA, Reichlin S, Lee SL, Lechan RM. Intrinsic pituitary interleukin-1-beta is induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Endocrinology. 1990;126:3053-3058.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-126-6-3053

718. 718.

     Wassen FW, Moerings EP, Van Toor H, De Vrey EA, Hennemann G, Everts ME. Effects of interleukin-1 beta on thyrotropin secretion and thyroid hormone uptake in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 1996;137:1591-1598.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.137.5.8612490

719. 719.

     Tierney T, Patel R, Stead CAS, Leng L, Bucala R, Buckingham JC. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is released from pituitary folliculo-stellate-like cells by endotoxin and dexamethasone and attenuates the steroid-induced inhibition of interleukin 6 release. Endocrinology. 2005;146:35-43.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2004-0946

720. 720.

     Findell PR, Weiner RI. Bovine pituitary folliculo-stellate cells have beta-adrenergic receptors positively coupled to adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate production. Endocrinology. 1988;123:2454-2461.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-123-5-2454

721. 721.

     Vigh S, Arimura A, Gottschall PE, Kitada C, Somogyvari-Vigh A, Childs GV. Cytochemical characterization of anterior pituitary target cells for the neuropeptide, pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP), using biotinylated ligands. Peptides. 1993;14:59-65.

     Not in our library10.1016/0196-9781(93)90011-5

722. 722.

     Sudo T, Sakuma Y, Kato M. Bradykinin and angiotensin II-induced [Ca2+]i rise in cultured rat pituitary folliculo-stellate cells. J Neuroendocrinol. 2001;13:942-950.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1365-2826.2001.00699.x

723. 723.

     Rees DA, Lewis MD, Lewis BM, Smith PJ, Scanlon MF, Ham J. Adenosine-regulated cell proliferation in pituitary folliculostellate and endocrine cells: differential roles for A1 A2b adenosine receptors. Endocrinology. 2002;143:2427-2436.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.143.6.8837

724. 724.

     Prummel MF, Brokken LJS, Meduri G, Misrahi M, Bakker O, Wiersinga WM. Expression of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor in the folliculo-stellate cells of the human anterior pituitary. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:4347-4353.

     Not in our library10.1210/jcem.85.11.6991

725. 725.

     Kiriyama Y, Tsuchiya H, Murakami T, Satoh K, Tokumitsu Y. Calcitonin induces IL-6 production via both PKA and PKC pathways in the pituitary folliculo-stellate cell line. Endocrinology. 2001;142:3563-3569.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.142.8.8328

726. 726.

     De Laurentiis A, Candolfi M, Pisera D, Seilicovich A. Effects of lipopolysaccharide on neurokinin A content and release in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Regul Pept. 2003;111:91-95.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0167-0115(02)00258-6

727. 727.

     Debeljuk L, Lasaga M. Tachykinins and the control of prolactin secretion. Peptides. 2006;27:3007-3019.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.peptides.2006.07.010

728. 728.

     Debeljuk L, Lasaga M. Modulation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis and the pineal gland by neurokinin A, neuropeptide K and neuropeptide γ. Peptides. 1999;20:285-299.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0196-9781(98)00159-4

729. 729.

     Vanhatalo S, Soinila S. Evidence for nodose ganglion as the source of innervation to the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. Neuroscience. 2001;107:491-497.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00367-0

730. 730.

     Berthoud HR, Neuhuber WL. Functional and chemical anatomy of the afferent vagal system. Auton Neurosci. 2000;85:1-17.

     Not in our library10.1016/s1566-0702(00)00215-0

731. 731.

     Gong J, Shaojun L. The relationship of substance p-immunoreactive nerve fibers to thyrotropes and corticotropes in the pars distalis of the anterior pituitary in the monkey. Neuroscience. 1989;32:441-450.

     Not in our library10.1016/0306-4522(89)90092-4

732. 732.

     Ju G, Liu SJ. Substance-P-immunoreactive nerve-fibers in the pars-distalis of the anterior-pituitary of macaques. J Chem Neuroanat. 1989;2:349-360.

     Not in our library

733. 733.

     Ju G, Liu SJ. Relationship of substance P-immunoreactive nerve-fibers with somatotropes of the anterior-pituitary in the monkey. J Neuroendocrinol. 1989;1:397-400.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.1989.tb00137.x

734. 734.

     Ju G, Liu S-J, Ma D. Calcitonin gene-related peptide- and substance P-like-immunoreactive innervation of the anterior pituitary in the rat. Neuroscience. 1993;54:981-989.

     Not in our library10.1016/0306-4522(93)90589-8

735. 735.

     Liu YY, Morris JF, Ju G. Synaptic relationship of substance P-like-immunoreactive nerve fibers with gland cells of the anterior pituitary in the rat. Cell Tiss Res. 1996;285:227-234.

     Not in our library10.1007/s004410050640

736. 736.

     Dantzer R. Cytokine-induced sickness behaviour: a neuroimmune response to activation of innate immunity. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;500:399-411.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.07.040

737. 737.

     Maier SF, Goehler LE, Fleshner M, Watkins LR. The role of the vagus nerve in cytokine-to-brain communication. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1998;840:289-300.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09569.x

738. 738.

     Dorshkind K, Horseman ND. The roles of prolactin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, and thyroid hormones in lymphocyte development and function: insights from genetic models of hormone and hormone receptor deficiency. Endocr Rev. 2000;21:292-312.

     Not in our library10.1210/edrv.21.3.0397

739. 739.

     Brokken LJ, Leendertse M, Bakker O, Wiersinga WM, Prummel MF. Expression of adenohypophyseal-hormone receptors in a murine folliculo-stellate cell line. Horm Metab Res. 2004;36:538-541.

     Not in our library10.1055/s-2004-825758

740. 740.

     Vankelecom H, Carmeliet P, Heremans H, Van Damme J, Dijkmans R, Billiau A, Denef C. Interferon-gamma inhibits stimulated adrenocorticotropin, prolactin, and growth hormone secretion in normal rat anterior pituitary cell cultures. Endocrinology. 1990;126:2919-2926.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-126-6-2919

741. 741.

     Vankelecom H, Andries M, Billiau A, Denef C. Evidence that folliculo-stellate cells mediate the inhibitory effect of interferon-gamma on hormone secretion in rat anterior pituitary cell cultures. Endocrinology. 1992;130:3537-3546.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.130.6.1317788

742. 742.

     Vankelecom H, Matthys P, Denef C. Involvement of nitric oxide in the interferon-γ-induced inhibition of growth hormone and prolactin secretion in anterior pituitary cell cultures. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1997;129:157-167.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0303-7207(97)04054-9

743. 743.

     Vankelecom H, Matthys P, Denef C. Inducible nitric oxide synthase in the anterior pituitary gland: induction by interferon-γ in a subpopulation of folliculostellate cells and in an unidentifiable population of non-hormone-secreting cells. J Histochem Cytochem. 1997;45:847-858.

     Not in our library10.1177/002215549704500609

744. 744.

     Theas MS, De Laurentis A, Lasaga M, Pisera D, Duvilanski BH, Seilcovich A. Effect of lipopolysaccharide on tumor necrosis factor and prolactin release from rat anterior pituitary cells. Endocrine. 1998;8:241-245.

     Not in our library10.1385/endo:8:3:241

745. 745.

     Kobayashi H, Fukata J, Murakami N, Usui T, Ebisui O, Muro S, Hanaoka I, Inoue K, Imura H, Nakao K. Tumor necrosis factor receptors in the pituitary cells. Brain Res. 1997;758:45-50.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0006-8993(96)01437-0

746. 746.

     Milenkovic L, Rettori V, Snyder GD, Beutler B, McCann SM. Cachectin alters anterior pituitary hormone release by a direct action in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86:2418-2422.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.86.7.2418

747. 747.

     Gaillard RC, Turnill D, Sappino P, Muller AF. Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibits the hormonal response of the pituitary gland to hypothalamic releasing factors. Endocrinology. 1990;127:101-106.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-127-1-101

748. 748.

     Theas S, De Laurentiis A, Candolfi M, Lopez SL, Carrasco AE, Zaldivar V, Seilicovich A. Nitric oxide mediates the inhibitory effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on prolactin release. Neuroendocrinology. 2001;74:82-86.

     Not in our library10.1159/000054673

749. 749.

     Fry C, Gunter DR, McMahon CD, Steele B, Sartin JL. Cytokine-mediated growth hormone release from cultured ovine pituitary cells. Neuroendocrinology. 1998;68:192-200.

     Not in our library10.1159/000054366

750. 750.

     John CD, Christian HC, Morris JF, Flower RJ, Solito E, Buckingham JC. Annexin 1 and the regulation of endocrine function. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2004;15:103-109.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.tem.2004.02.001

751. 751.

     Amano O, Yoshitake Y, Nishikawa K, Iseki S. Immunocytochemical localization of basic fibroblast growth factor in the rat pituitary gland. Arch Histol Cytol. 1993;56:269-276.

     Not in our library10.1679/aohc.56.269

752. 752.

     Ferrara N, Winer J, Henzel WJ. Pituitary follicular cells secrete an inhibitor of aortic endothelial cell growth: identification as leukemia inhibitory factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1992;89:698-702.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.89.2.698

753. 753.

     Renner U, Lohrer P, Schaaf L, Feirer M, Schmitt K, Onofri C, Arzt E, Stalla GK. Transforming growth factor-β stimulates vascular endothelial growth factor production by folliculostellate pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 2002;143:3759-3765.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2002-220283

754. 754.

     Oomizu S, Chaturvedi K, Sarkar DK. Folliculostellate cells determine the susceptibility of lactotropes to estradiol's mitogenic action. Endocrinology. 2004;145:1473-1480.

     Not in our library10.1210/en.2003-0965

755. 755.

     Gloddek J, Pagotto U, Paez Pereda M, Arzt E, Stalla GK, Renner U. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, interleukin-6 and glucocorticoids regulate the release of vascular endothelial growth factor in pituitary folliculostellate cells. J Endocrinol. 1999;160:483-490.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1600483

756. 756.

     Stefana B, Ray DW, Melmed S. Leukemia inhibitory factor induces differentiation of pituitary corticotroph function: An immuno-neuroendocrine phenotypicáswitch. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1996;93:12502-12506.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.93.22.12502

757. 757.

     Schechter J, Ahmad N, Weiner R. Activation of anterior pituitary folliculo-stellate cells in the formation of estrogen-induced prolactin-secreting tumors. Neuroendocrinology. 1988;48:569-576.

     Not in our library10.1159/000125064

758. 758.

     Shirasawa N, Kihara H, Yamaguchi S, Yoshimura F. Pituitary folliculo-stellate cells immunostained with S-100 protein antiserum in postnatal, castrated and thyroidectomized rats. Cell Tissue Res. 1983;231:235-249.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00222177

759. 759.

     Iwaki T, Kondo A, Takeshita I, Nakagaki H, Kitamura K, Tateishi J. Proliferating potential of folliculo-stellate cells in human pituitary adenomas. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic analysis. Acta Neuropathol (Berl). 1986;71:233-242.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00688045

760. 760.

     Cinti S, Sbarbati A, Marelli M, Osculati F. An ultrastructural morphometric analysis of the adenohypophysis of lactating rats. Anat Rec. 1985;212:381-390.

     Not in our library10.1002/ar.1092120409

761. 761.

     Gajkowska B, Wojewodzka U, Gajewska A, Styrna J, Jurkiewicz J, Kochman K. Growth hormone cell phagocytosis in adenohypophysis of mosaic mice: morphological and immunocytochemical electron microscopy study. Brain Res Bull. 2006;70:94-98.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.04.003

762. 762.

     Shirasawa N, Yamanouchi H. Glucocorticoids induce glutamine synthetase in folliculostellate cells of rat pituitary glands in vivo and in vitro. J Anat. 1999;194:567-577.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19440567.x

763. 763.

     Pow DV. Immunocytochemistry of amino-acids in the rodent pituitary using extremely specific, very high titre antisera. J Neuroendocrinol. 1993;5:349-356.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1365-2826.1993.tb00494.x

764. 764.

     Gibbs ME, O'Dowd BS, Hertz L, Robinson SR, Sedman GL, Ng KT. Inhibition of glutamine synthetase activity prevents memory consolidation. Cogn Brain Res. 1996;4:57-64.

     Not in our library10.1016/0926-6410(96)00020-1

765. 765.

     Hinoi E, Takarada T, Ueshima T, Tsuchihashi Y, Yoneda Y. Glutamate signaling in peripheral tissues. Eur J Biochem. 2004;271:1-13.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1432-1033.2003.03907.x

766. 766.

     Kanamori K, Ross BD, Chung JC, Kuo EL. Severity of hyperammonemic encephalopathy correlates with brain ammonia level and saturation of glutamine synthetase in vivo. J Neurochem. 1996;67:1584-1594.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1471-4159.1996.67041584.x

767. 767.

     Mayerhofer A, Hohne-Zell B, Gamel-Didelon K, Jung H, Redecker P, Grube D, Urbanski H, Gasnier B, Fritschy J-M, Gratzl M. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA): a para- and/or autocrine hormone in the pituitary. FASEB J. 2001;15:1089-1091.

     Not in our library10.1096/fj.00-0546fje

768. 768.

     Nakayama Y, Hattori N, Otani H, Inagaki C. γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA)-C receptor stimulation increases prolactin (PRL) secretion in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Biochem Pharmacol. 2006;71:1705-1710.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.bcp.2006.03.014

769. 769.

     Gamel-Didelon K, Kunz L, Fohr KJ, Gratzl M, Mayerhofer A. Molecular and physiological evidence for functional γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-C receptors in growth hormone-secreting cells. J Biol Chem. 2003;278:20192-20195.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.m301729200

770. 770.

     Gamel-Didelon K, Corsi C, Pepeu G, Jung H, Gratzl M, Mayerhofer A. An autocrine role for pituitary GABA: activation of GABA-B receptors and regulation of growth hormone levels. Neuroendocrinology. 2002;76:170-177.

     Not in our library10.1159/000064523

771. 771.

     End K, Gamel-Didelon K, Jung H, Tolnay M, Ludecke D, Gratzl M, Mayerhofer A. Receptors and sites of synthesis and storage of gamma-aminobutyric acid in human pituitary glands and in growth hormone adenomas. Am J Clin Pathol. 2005;124:550-558.

     Not in our library10.1309/6rv8jfdy57du97kt

772. 772.

     Lux-Lantos V, Becu-Villalobos D, Bianchi M, Rey-Roldan E, Chamson-Reig A, Pignataro O, Libertun C. GABA(B) receptors in anterior pituitary cells. Mechanism of action coupled to endocrine effects. Neuroendocrinology. 2001;73:334-343.

     Not in our library10.1159/000054650

773. 773.

     Tapia-Arancibia L, Roussel JP, Astier H. Evidence for a dual effect of gamma-aminobutyric acid on thyrotropin (TSH)-releasing hormone-induced TSH release from perifused rat pituitaries. Endocrinology. 1987;121:980-986.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-121-3-980

774. 774.

     Catalano PN, Bonaventura MM, Silveyra P, Bettler B, Libertun C, Lux-Lantos VA. GABA(B1) knockout mice reveal alterations in prolactin levels, gonadotropic axis, and reproductive function. Neuroendocrinology. 2005;82:294-305.

     Not in our library10.1159/000093128

775. 775.

     Baes M, Denef C. Evidence that stimulation of growth hormone release by epinephrine and vasoactive intestinal peptide is based on cell-to-cell communication in the pituitary. Endocrinology. 1987;120:280-290.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-120-1-280

776. 776.

     Maertens P, Denef C. Alpha-adrenergic stimulation of growth hormone release in perifused rat anterior pituitary reaggregate cell cultures. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1987;54:203-211.

     Not in our library10.1016/0303-7207(87)90158-4

777. 777.

     Reis DJ, Regunathan S. Is agmatine a novel neurotransmitter in brain? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2000;21:187-193.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0165-6147(00)01460-7

778. 778.

     Iyer RK, Kim HK, Tsoa RW, Grody WW, Cederbaum SD. Cloning and characterization of human agmatinase. Mol Genet Metab. 2002;75:209-218.

     Not in our library10.1006/mgme.2001.3277

779. 779.

     Wang G, Gorbatyuk OS, Dayanithi G, Ouyang W, Wang J, Milner TA, Regunathan S, Reis DJ. Evidence for endogenous agmatine in hypothalamo-neurohypophysial tract and its modulation on vasopressin release and Ca2+ channels. Brain Res. 2002;932:25-36.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0006-8993(02)02260-6

780. 780.

     Thyssen SM, Libertun C. Quantitation of polyamines in hypothalamus and pituitary of female and male developing rats. Neurosci Lett. 2002;323:65-69.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0304-3940(02)00097-6

781. 781.

     Cohen LE, Zanger K, Brue T, Wondisford FE, Radovick S. Defective retinoic acid regulation of the Pit-1 gene enhancer. A novel mechanism of combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Mol Endocrinol. 1999;13:476-484.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend.13.3.0251

782. 782.

     Palomino T, Barettino D, Aranda A. Role of GHF-1 in the regulation of the rat growth hormone gene promoter by thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors. J Biol Chem. 1998;273:27541-27547.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.273.42.27541

783. 783.

     Breen JJ, Matsuura T, Ross AC, Gurr JA. Regulation of thyroid-stimulating hormone beta-subunit and growth hormone messenger ribonucleic acid levels in the rat: effect of vitamin A status. Endocrinology. 1995;136:543-549.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.136.2.7835286

784. 784.

     Mogi C, Goda H, Mogi K, Takaki A, Yokoyama K, Tomida M, Inoue K. Multistep differentiation of GH-producing cells from their immature cells. J Endocrinol. 2005;184:41-50.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.1.05870

785. 785.

     Fujiwara K, Maekawa F, Kikuchi M, Takigami S, Yada T, Yashiro T. Expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase (RALDH)2 and RALDH3 but not RALDH1 in the developing anterior pituitary glands of rats. Cell Tiss Res. 2007;328:129-135.

     Not in our library10.1007/s00441-006-0345-7

786. 786.

     Fujiwara K, Kikuchi M, Takigami S, Kouki T, Yashiro T. Expression of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 1 in the anterior pituitary glands of adult rats. Cell Tiss Res. 2007;329:321-327.

     Not in our library10.1007/s00441-007-0423-5

787. 787.

     Ward RD, Raetzman LT, Suh H, Stone BM, Nasonkin IO, Camper SA. Role of Prop1 in pituitary gland growth. Mol Endocrinol. 2005;19:698-710.

     Not in our library10.1210/me.2004-0341

788. 788.

     Jin L, Tsumanuma I, Ruebel KH, Bayliss JM, Lloyd RV. Analysis of homogeneous populations of anterior pituitary folliculostellate cells by laser capture microdissection and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Endocrinology. 2001;142:1703-1709.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.142.5.8117

789. 789.

     Ferrara N, Goldsmith P, Fujii D, Weiner R. Culture and characterization of follicular cells of the bovine anterior pituitary and pars tuberalis. Methods Enzymol. 1986;124:245-253.

     Not in our library10.1016/0076-6879(86)24018-5

790. 790.

     Perez Castro C, Carbia Nagashima A, Paez Pereda M, Goldberg V, Chervin A, Carrizo G, Molina H, Renner U, Stalla GK, Arzt E. Effects of the gp130 cytokines ciliary neurotropic factor (CNTF) and interleukin-11 on pituitary cells: CNTF receptors on human pituitary adenomas and stimulation of prolactin and GH secretion in normal rat anterior pituitary aggregate cultures. J Endocrinol. 2001;169:539-547.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1690539

791. 791.

     Lee JS, Semela D, Iredale J, Shah VH. Sinusoidal remodeling and angiogenesis: a new function for the liver-specific pericyte? Hepatology. 2007;45:817-825.

     Not in our library10.1002/hep.21564

792. 792.

     Satoh H, Inokuchi T, Shimizu M, Obayashi H, Nakashima Y. Ultrastructure of the hypophyseal portal vessel in mature rats − SEM and TEM observations. Kurume Med J. 1989;36:91-94.

     Not in our library10.2739/kurumemedj.36.91

793. 793.

     Conway EM, Carmeliet P. The diversity of endothelial cells: a challenge for therapeutic angiogenesis. Genome Biol. 2004;5:207.

     Not in our library10.1186/gb-2004-5-2-207

794. 794.

     Carmeliet P. Angiogenesis in health and disease. Nat Med. 2003;9:653-660.

     Not in our library10.1038/nm0603-653

795. 795.

     Autiero M, De Smet F, Claes F, Carmeliet P. Role of neural guidance signals in blood vessel navigation. Cardiovasc Res. 2005;65:629-638.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.cardiores.2004.09.013

796. 796.

     Turner HE, Harris AL, Melmed S, Wass JAH. Angiogenesis in endocrine tumors. Endocr Rev. 2003;24:600-632.

     Not in our library10.1210/er.2002-0008

797. 797.

     Ferrara N. Vascular endothelial growth factor. Basic Sci Clin Prog Endocr Rev. 2004;25:581-611.

     Not in our library10.1210/er.2003-0027

798. 798.

     Sato Y, Sonoda H. The vasohibin family. A negative regulatory system of angiogenesis genetically programmed in endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2007;27:37-41.

     Not in our library10.1161/01.atv.0000252062.48280.61

799. 799.

     Ribatti D, Conconi MT, Nussdorfer GG. Nonclassic endogenous regulators of angiogenesis. Pharmacol Rev. 2007;59:185-205.

     Not in our library10.1124/pr.59.2.3

800. 800.

     Pal S, Wu J, Murray JK, Gellman SH, Wozniak MA, Keely PJ, Boyer ME, Gomez TM, Hasso SM, Fallon JF, Bresnick EH. An antiangiogenic neurokinin-B/thromboxane A2 regulatory axis. J Cell Biol. 2006;174:1047-1058.

     Not in our library10.1083/jcb.200603152

801. 801.

     Presta M, Dell'Era P, Mitola S, Moroni E, Ronca R, Rusnati M. Fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor system in angiogenesis. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2005;16:159-178.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.cytogfr.2005.01.004

802. 802.

     Givol D, Yayon A. Complexity of FGF receptors: genetic basis for structural diversity and functional specificity. FASEB J. 1992;6:3362-3369.

     Not in our library

803. 803.

     Aviezer D, Hecht D, Safran M, Eisinger M, David G, Yayon A. Perlecan, basal lamina proteoglycan, promotes basic fibroblast growth factor-receptor binding, mitogenesis, and angiogenesis. Cell. 1994;79:1005-1013.

     Not in our library10.1016/0092-8674(94)90031-0

804. 804.

     Steinfeld R, Van Den Berghe H, David G. Stimulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor-1 occupancy and signaling by cell surface-associated syndecans and glypican. J Cell Biol. 1996;133:405-416.

     Not in our library10.1083/jcb.133.2.405

805. 805.

     Schechter JE, Pattison A, Pattison T. Development of the vasculature of the anterior pituitary: ontogeny of basic fibroblast growth factor. Dev Dyn. 1993;197:81-93.

     Not in our library10.1002/aja.1001970202

806. 806.

     Lloyd RV, Vidal S, Horvath E, Kovacs K, Scheithauer B. Angiogenesis in normal and neoplastic pituitary tissues. Microsc Res Tech. 2003;60:244-250.

     Not in our library10.1002/jemt.10263

807. 807.

     Ochoa AL, Mitchner NA, Paynter CD, Morris RE, Ben Jonathan N. Vascular endothelial growth factor in the rat pituitary: differential distribution and regulation by estrogen. J Endocrinol. 2000;165:483-492.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1650483

808. 808.

     Onofri C, Theodoropoulou M, Losa M, Uhl E, Lange M, Arzt E, Stalla GK, Renner U. Localization of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptors in normal and adenomatous pituitaries: detection of a non-endothelial function of VEGF in pituitary tumours. J Endocrinol. 2006;191:249-261.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.1.06992

809. 809.

     Nakakura T, Yoshida M, Dohra H, Suzuki M, Tanaka S. Gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A in the pituitary during formation of the vascular system in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis of the rat. Cell Tiss Res. 2006;324:87-95.

     Not in our library10.1007/s00441-005-0115-y

810. 810.

     Cracchiolo D, Swick JW, McKiernan L, Sloan E, Raina S, Sloan C, Wendell DL. Estrogen-dependent growth of a rat pituitary tumor involves, but does not require, a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor. Exp Biol Med. 2002;227:492-499.

     Not in our library10.1177/153537020222700714

811. 811.

     Schechter J, Weiner R. Changes in basic fibroblast growth factor coincident with estradiol-induced hyperplasia of the anterior pituitaries of Fischer 344 and Sprague-Dawley rats. Endocrinology. 1991;129:2400-2408.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo-129-5-2400

812. 812.

     Ferrara N, Lecouter J, Lin R, Peale F. EG-VEGF and Bv8: a novel family of tissue-restricted angiogenic factors. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004;1654:69-78.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.bbcan.2003.07.001

813. 813.

     Maldonado-Perez D, Evans J, Denison F, Millar RP, Jabbour HN. Potential roles of the prokineticins in reproduction. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2007;18:66-72.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.tem.2006.12.002

814. 814.

     LeCouter J, Ferrara N. EG-VEGF and Bv8: a novel family of tissue-selective mediators of angiogenesis, endothelial phenotype, and function. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2003;13:276-282.

     Not in our library10.1016/s1050-1738(03)00110-5

815. 815.

     Jones N, Iljin K, Dumont DJ, Alitalo K. Tie receptors. New modulators of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic responses. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2001;2:257-267.

     Not in our library10.1038/35067005

816. 816.

     Nag S, Nourhaghighi N, Venugopalan R, Asa SL, Stewart DJ. Angiopoietins are expressed in the normal rat pituitary gland. Endocr Pathol. 2005;16:67-73.

     Not in our library10.1385/ep:16:1:067

817. 817.

     Heaney AP, Horwitz GA, Wang Z, Singson R, Melmed S. Early involvement of estrogen-induced pituitary tumor transforming gene and fibroblast growth factor expression in prolactinoma pathogenesis. Nat Med. 1999;5:1317-1321.

     Not in our library10.1038/15275

818. 818.

     Sarkar AJ, Chaturvedi K, Chen CP, Sarkar DK. Changes in thrombospondin-1 levels in the endothelial cells of the anterior pituitary during estrogen-induced prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors. J Endocrinol. 2007;192:395-403.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.1.06925

819. 819.

     Clapp C, Aranda J, Gonzalez C, Jeziorski MC, de la Escalera GM. Vasoinhibins: endogenous regulators of angiogenesis and vascular function. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2006;17:301-307.

     Not in our library10.1016/j.tem.2006.08.002

820. 820.

     Ge G, Fernandez CA, Moses MA, Greenspan DS. Bone morphogenetic protein 1 processes prolactin to a 17-kDa antiangiogenic factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2007;104:10010-10015.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.0704179104

821. 821.

     Hallmann R, Horn N, Selg M, Wendler O, Pausch F, Sorokin LM. Expression and function of laminins in the embryonic and mature vasculature. Physiol Rev. 2005;85:979-1000.

     Not in our library10.1152/physrev.00014.2004

822. 822.

     Vila-Porcile E, Picart R, Tixier-Vidal A, Tougard C. Cellular and subcellular distribution of laminin in adult rat anterior pituitary. J Histochem Cytochem. 1987;35:287-299.

     Not in our library10.1177/35.3.3029213

823. 823.

     Murdoch AD, Liu B, Schwarting R, Tuan RS, Iozzo RV. Widespread expression of perlecan proteoglycan in basement membranes and extracellular matrices of human tissues as detected by a novel monoclonal antibody against domain III and by in situ hybridization. J Histochem Cytochem. 1994;42:239-249.

     Not in our library10.1177/42.2.7507142

824. 824.

     Gonzalez AM, Logan A, Ying W, Lappi DA, Berry M, Baird A. Fibroblast growth factor in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis: differential expression of fibroblast growth factor-2 and a high affinity receptor. Endocrinology. 1994;134:2289-2297.

     Not in our library10.1210/endo.134.5.8156932

825. 825.
     Regulation of pituitary hormones and cell proliferation by components of the extracellular matrix · 2005

     Not checked
826. 826.

     Gurlek A, Karavitaki N, Ansorge O, Wass JAH. What are the markers of aggressiveness in prolactinomas? Changes in cell biology, extracellular matrix components, angiogenesis and genetics. Eur J Endocrinol. 2007;156:143-153.

     Not in our library10.1530/eje.1.02339

827. 827.

     Ehrchen J, Heuer H, Sigmund R, Schafer MK, Bauer K. Expression and regulation of osteopontin and connective tissue growth factor transcripts in rat anterior pituitary. J Endocrinol. 2001;169:87-96.

     Not in our library10.1677/joe.0.1690087

828. 828.

     Leask A, Abraham DJ. The role of connective tissue growth factor, a multifunctional matricellular protein, in fibroblast biology. Biochem Cell Biol. 2003;81:355-363.

     Not in our library10.1139/o03-069

829. 829.

     Forsten KE, Lauffenburger DA. Probability of autocrine ligand capture by cell-surface receptors: implications for ligand secretion measurements. J Comput Biol. 1994;1:15-23.

     Not in our library10.1089/cmb.1994.1.15

830. 830.

     Shvartsman SY, Hagan MP, Yacoub A, Dent P, Wiley HS, Lauffenburger DA. Autocrine loops with positive feedback enable context-dependent cell signaling. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2002;282:C545-C559.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpcell.00260.2001

831. 831.

     Forsten KE, Lauffenburger DA. Autocrine ligand binding to cell receptors. Mathematical analysis of competition by solution ‘decoys’. Biophys J. 1992;61:518-529.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0006-3495(92)81856-8

832. 832.

     Forsten KE, Lauffenburger DA. Interrupting autocrine ligand-receptor binding: comparison between receptor blockers and ligand decoys. Biophys J. 1992;63:857-861.

     Not in our library10.1016/s0006-3495(92)81661-2

833. 833.

     Dove DE, Linton MF, Fazio S. ApoE-mediated cholesterol efflux from macrophages: separation of autocrine and paracrine effects. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2005;288:C586-C592.

     Not in our library10.1152/ajpcell.00210.2004

834. 834.

     Faglia G, Spada A. Genesis of pituitary adenomas: state of the art. J Neurooncol. 2001;54:95-110.

     Not in our library10.1023/a:1012988828164

835. 835.

     Ezzat S. The role of hormones, growth factors and their receptors in pituitary tumorigenesis. Brain Pathol. 2001;11:356-370.

     Not in our library10.1111/j.1750-3639.2001.tb00405.x

836. 836.

     Korbonits M, Morris DG, Nanzer A, Kola B, Grossman AB. Role of regulatory factors in pituitary tumour formation. Front Horm Res. 2004;32:63-95.

     Not in our library10.1159/000079038

837. 837.

     McCabe CJ, Boelaert K, Tannahill LA, Heaney AP, Stratford AL, Khaira JS, Hussain S, Sheppard MC, Franklyn JA, Gittoes NJL. Vascular endothelial growth factor, its receptor KDR/Flk-1, and pituitary tumor transforming gene in pituitary tumors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87:4238-4244.

     Not in our library10.1210/jc.2002-020309

838. 838.

     Asa SL, Ezzat S. The Pathogenesis of Pituitary Tumours. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2:836-849.

     Not in our library10.1038/nrc926

839. 839.

     Vila G, Theodoropoulou M, Stalla J, Tonn JC, Losa M, Renner U, Stalla GK, Paez-Pereda M. Expression and function of sonic hedgehog pathway components in pituitary adenomas: evidence for a direct role in hormone secretion and cell proliferation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005;90:6687-6694.

     Not in our library10.1210/jc.2005-1014

840. 840.

     Asa SL, Ramyar L, Murphy PR, Li AW, Ezzat S. The endogenous fibroblast growth factor-2 antisense gene product regulates pituitary cell growth and hormone production. Mol Endocrinol. 2001;15:589-599.

     Not in our library10.1210/mend.15.4.0626

841. 841.

     Klein SL, Carnovale D, Burnett AL, Wallach EE, Zacur HA, Crone K, Dawson VL, Nelson RJ, Dawson TM. Impaired ovulation in mice with targeted deletion of the reuronial isoform of nitric oxide synthase. Mol Med. 1998;10:658-664.

     Not in our library

Cited by papers we hold 2

• The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis: Development, Programming Actions of Hormones, and Maternal-Fetal Interactions · 2021
  No notice
• Evolution of oxytocin pathways in the brain of vertebrates · 2014
  No notice

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