Empirical Study on the Effect of Birds on Commercial Microwave Links

With emerging technologies, such as the <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$5G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$IoT$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, wireless communication has become increasingly dominant in human life. Many applications require high quality of service (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$QoS$ </tex-math></inline-formula>), in which even momentarily interruptions may cause irreversible damage. The signal level in wireless point-to-point communication links is affected by environmental phenomena, including objects that blocking the propagating electromagnetic waves. While the relationship between signal attenuation and weather phenomena such as rain have been well studied, in this paper we empirically show, for the first time, the relationship between the presence of birds and attenuation in Commercial Microwave Links (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$CML\text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>). Using real <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$CML\text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>&#x2019; data collected in Israel that were intersected with GPS data from tagged birds, we empirically associated measured attenuation in the signal in a given link with the presence of birds in its vicinity. We quantified this relationship by evaluating the Receiver Characteristics Operating (<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ROC$ </tex-math></inline-formula>) curve describing the false positive vs. false negative decision on the presence of birds by setting a threshold on the measured attenuation in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$CML\text{s}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. The results demonstrate encouraging performance and empirically establish the potential of a novel approach for opportunistic monitoring of migrating birds, as well as for the understanding the hazards to <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$QoS$ </tex-math></inline-formula> in sensitive applications.

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

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