The molecular virology of coronaviruses

Abstract

Few human pathogens have been the focus of as much concentrated worldwide attention as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of COVID-19. Its emergence into the human population and ensuing pandemic came on the heels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), two other highly pathogenic coronavirus spillovers, which collectively have reshaped our view of a virus family previously associated primarily with the common cold. It has placed intense pressure on the collective scientific community to develop therapeutics and vaccines, whose engineering relies on a detailed understanding of coronavirus biology. Here, we present the molecular virology of coronavirus infection, including its entry into cells, its remarkably sophisticated gene expression and replication mechanisms, its extensive remodeling of the intracellular environment, and its multifaceted immune evasion strategies. We highlight aspects of the viral life cycle that may be amenable to antiviral targeting as well as key features of its biology that await discovery.

Cited by papers we hold 9

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• Immunomodulation of COVID‐19 severity by helminth co‐infection: Implications for COVID‐19 vaccine efficacy · 2022
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• Genome-wide bidirectional CRISPR screens identify mucins as host factors modulating SARS-CoV-2 infection · 2022
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• Anti-cancer Therapy Leads to Increased Cardiovascular Susceptibility to COVID-19 · 2021
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• SARS-CoV-2: from its discovery to genome structure, transcription, and replication · 2021
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• SARS-CoV-2 hijacks folate and one-carbon metabolism for viral replication · 2021
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• Dynamic competition between SARS-CoV-2 NSP1 and mRNA on the human ribosome inhibits translation initiation · 2021
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• Innate immune sensing of coronavirus and viral evasion strategies · 2021
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