Segregation, integration, and balance of large-scale resting brain networks configure different cognitive abilities

Abstract

Significance Mastering diverse cognitive tasks is crucial for humans. We study how the brain’s functional organization at rest is configured to support diverse cognitive phenotypes. Emphasizing the multilevel, hierarchical modular structure of brain’s functional connectivity to derive eigenmode-based measures, we demonstrate that the resting brain’s functional organization in healthy young adults is configured to maintain a balance between network segregation and integration. This functional balance is associated with better memory. Furthermore, brains tending toward stronger segregation versus integration foster different cognitive abilities. Thus, the segregation–integration balance empowers the brain to support diverse cognitive abilities. These findings yield high potential to understand the role of whole-brain resting state dynamics in human cognition and to develop neural biomarkers of atypical cognition.

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