True

Abstract

Incidence rates of different cancers have been calculated for the population of Kyadondo County (Kampala, Uganda) for four time periods (1960-1966; 1967-1971; 1991-1994; 1995-1997), spanning 38 years in total. The period coincides with marked social and lifestyle changes and with the emergence of the AIDS epidemic. Most cancers have increased in incidence over time, the only exceptions being cancers of the bladder and penis. Apart from these, the most common cancers in the early years were cervix, oesophagus and liver; all three have remained common, with the first two showing quite marked increases in incidence, as have cancers of the breast and prostate. These changes have been overshadowed by the dramatic effects of the AIDS epidemic, with Kaposi's sarcoma emerging as the most common cancer in both sexes in the 1990s, and a large increase in incidence of squamous cell cancers of the conjunctiva. In the most recent period, there also seems to have been an increase in the incidence of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. So far, lung cancer remains rare. Cancer control in Uganda, as elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa, faces a threefold challenge. With little improvement in the incidence of cancers associated with infection and poverty (liver, cervix, oesophagus), it must face the burden of AIDS-associated cancers, while coping with the emergence of cancers associated with Westernization of lifestyles (large bowel, breast and prostate).

References 29

1. 1.

   Alpert M. E., Hutt M. S., Wogan G. N., Davidson C. S. Association between aflatoxin content of food and hepatoma frequency in Uganda. Cancer. 1971;28(1):253-260.

   Not in our library10.1002/1097-0142(197107)28:1<253::aid-cncr2820280151>3.0.co;2-g

2. 2.

   Ateenyi-Agaba C. Conjunctival squamous-cell carcinoma associated with HIV infection in Kampala, Uganda. Lancet. 1995;345(8951):695-696.

   Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(95)90870-6

3. 3.

   Bosch F. X., Manos M. M., Muñoz N., Sherman M., Jansen A. M., Peto J., Schiffman M. H., Moreno V., Kurman R., Shah K. V. Prevalence of human papillomavirus in cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective. International biological study on cervical cancer (IBSCC) Study Group. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1995;87(11):796-802.

   Not in our library10.1093/jnci/87.11.796

4. 4.

   Boyle P., Parkin D. M. Cancer registration: principles and methods. Statistical methods for registries. IARC Sci Publ. 1991;(95):126-158.

   Not in our library

5. 5.

   Bradley D. J., Sturrock R. F., Williams P. N. The circumstantial epidemiology of Schistosoma haematobium in Lango district, Uganda. East Afr Med J. 1967;44(5):193-204.

   Not in our library

6. 6.

   Burkitt D. P. Epidemiology of cancer of the colon and rectum. Cancer. 1971;28(1):3-13.

   Not in our library10.1002/1097-0142(197107)28:1<3::aid-cncr2820280104>3.0.co;2-n

7. 7.

   Chang Y., Ziegler J., Wabinga H., Katangole-Mbidde E., Boshoff C., Schulz T., Whitby D., Maddalena D., Jaffe H. W., Weiss R. A. Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus and Kaposi's sarcoma in Africa. Uganda Kaposi's Sarcoma Study Group. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156(2):202-204.

   Not in our library

8. 8.

   Cook P. Cancer of the oesophagus in Africa. A summary and evaluation of the evidence for the frequency of occurrence, and a preliminary indication of the possible association with the consumption of alcoholic drinks made from maize. Br J Cancer. 1971;25(4):853-880.

   Not in our library10.1038/bjc.1971.99

9. 9.

   DAVIES J. N., ELMES S., HUTT M. S., MTIMAVALYE L. A., OWOR R., SHAPER L. CANCER IN AN AFRICAN COMMUNITY, 1897--1956. AN ANALYSIS OF THE RECORDS OF MENGO HOSPITAL, KAMPALA, UGANDA. I. Br Med J. 1964;1(5378):259-264.

   Not in our library10.1136/bmj.1.5378.259

10. 10.

    DAVIES J. N., WILSON B. A., KNOWELDEN J. Cancer incidence of the African population of Kyadondo (Uganda). Lancet. 1962;2(7251):328-330.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(62)90111-3

11. 11.

    DODGE O. G. TUMORS OF THE BLADDER AND URETHRA ASSOCIATED WITH URINARY RETENTION IN UGANDA AFRICANS. Cancer. 1964;17:1433-1436.

    Not in our library10.1002/1097-0142(196411)17:11<1433::aid-cncr2820171110>3.0.co;2-t

12. 12.

    Davies J. N., Knowelden J., Wilson B. A. Incidence rates of cancer in Kyandondo County, Uganda, 1954-1960. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1965;35(5):789-821.

    Not in our library

13. 13.

    Gao S. J., Kingsley L., Li M., Zheng W., Parravicini C., Ziegler J., Newton R., Rinaldo C. R., Saah A., Phair J. KSHV antibodies among Americans, Italians and Ugandans with and without Kaposi's sarcoma. Nat Med. 1996;2(8):925-928.

    Not in our library10.1038/nm0896-925

14. 14.

    Jaskiewicz K. Oesophageal carcinoma: cytopathology and nutritional aspects in aetiology. Anticancer Res. 1989;9(6):1847-1852.

    Not in our library

15. 15.

    Kyalwazi S. K. Carcinoma of the penis. A review of 153 patients admitted to Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. East Afr Med J. 1966;43(10):415-425.

    Not in our library

16. 16.

    Newton R. A review of the aetiology of squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva. Br J Cancer. 1996;74(10):1511-1513.

    Not in our library10.1038/bjc.1996.581

17. 17.

    Owor R. Carcinoma of bladder and urethra in patients with urethral strictures. East Afr Med J. 1975;52(1):12-18.

    Not in our library

18. 18.

    Segal I., Reinach S. G., de Beer M. Factors associated with oesophageal cancer in Soweto, South Africa. Br J Cancer. 1988;58(5):681-686.

    Not in our library10.1038/bjc.1988.286

19. 19.

    Simpson G. R., Schulz T. F., Whitby D., Cook P. M., Boshoff C., Rainbow L., Howard M. R., Gao S. J., Bohenzky R. A., Simmonds P. Prevalence of Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpesvirus infection measured by antibodies to recombinant capsid protein and latent immunofluorescence antigen. Lancet. 1996;348(9035):1133-1138.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0140-6736(96)07560-5

20. 20.

    Taylor J. F., Templeton A. C., Vogel C. L., Ziegler J. L., Kyalwazi S. K. Kaposi's sarcoma in Uganda: a clinico-pathological study. Int J Cancer. 1971;8(1):122-135.

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.2910080116

21. 21.

    Templeton A. C., Buxton E., Bianchi A. Cancer in Kyadondo County, Uganda, 1968-70. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1972;48(4):865-874.

    Not in our library

22. 22.

    Templeton A. C. Kaposi's sarcoma. Pathol Annu. 1981;16(Pt 2):315-336.

    Not in our library

23. 23.

    Van Rensburg S. J., Bradshaw E. S., Bradshaw D., Rose E. F. Oesophageal cancer in Zulu men, South Africa: a case-control study. Br J Cancer. 1985;51(3):399-405.

    Not in our library10.1038/bjc.1985.54

24. 24.

    Vizcaino A. P., Parkin D. M., Skinner M. E. Risk factors associated with oesophageal cancer in Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Br J Cancer. 1995;72(3):769-773.

    Not in our library10.1038/bjc.1995.408

25. 25.

    Wabinga H. R. Frequency of Helicobacter pylori in gastroscopic biopsy of Ugandan Africans. East Afr Med J. 1996;73(10):691-693.

    Not in our library

26. 26.

    Wabinga H. R., Parkin D. M., Wabwire-Mangen F., Mugerwa J. W. Cancer in Kampala, Uganda, in 1989-91: changes in incidence in the era of AIDS. Int J Cancer. 1993;54(1):26-36.

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.2910540106

27. 27.

    Ziegler J. L., Katongole-Mbidde E. Kaposi's sarcoma in childhood: an analysis of 100 cases from Uganda and relationship to HIV infection. Int J Cancer. 1996;65(2):200-203.

    Not in our library10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960117)65:2<200::aid-ijc12>3.0.co;2-h

28. 28.

    van Rensburg S. J., Benadé A. S., Rose E. F., du Plessis J. P. Nutritional status of African populations predisposed to esophageal cancer. Nutr Cancer. 1983;4(3):206-216.

    Not in our library10.1080/01635588209513759

29. 29.

    van Rensburg S. J. Epidemiologic and dietary evidence for a specific nutritional predisposition to esophageal cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1981;67(2):243-251.

    Not in our library

Cited by papers we hold 5

• An Estimate of the Incidence of Prostate Cancer in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis · 2016
  No notice
• Epidemiology of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in A frica · 2013
  No notice
• Knowledge, attitudes and practices on cervical cancer screening among the medical workers of Mulago Hospital, Uganda · 2006
  No notice
• Cancer survival in Kampala, Uganda · 2005
  No notice
• Review of the distribution of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) in Africa in relation to the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma · 2003
  No notice

Reads

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.