Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and its treatments: A systematic review

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by loss of memory and cognition. In this review article, three main pathogenesis of AD were described: Amyloid-beta hypothesis, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation and Neurotransmitter decrease hypothesis. Specifically, amyloid-beta accumulation can be detrimental for nervous system for Amyloid-beta hypothesis, while Tau protein hyperphosphorylation can cause the breakdown of nerve cells. With regard to Neurotransmitter decrease hypothesis, it is deemed as the direct reason to cause Alzheimer’s disease. On top of that, mainstream treatments therapy and their features, advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Firstly, medicine treatments corresponding to its pathogenesis are introduced. Secondly, gene therapy is also demonstrated which alleviates Alzheimer’s disease be means of gene modification, inactivation and immune regulation. Finally, the stem cells therapy is also described as well as other therapies. Based on our analysis, combined therapy should be put into practice to achieve a better effect. Moreover, more knowledge about AD pathogenesis is required for researchers, which provides theoretical basis and reference for treatments. These results shed light for future research of AD.

Abstract licence: CC BY

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