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Non-coding RNA in cancer

Huiwen Yan, Pengcheng Bu

Essays in Biochemistry · 2021 · Review · CC BY

doi:10.1042/ebc20200032

Abstract

Majority of the human genome is transcribed to RNAs that do not encode proteins. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating the initiation and progression of various cancers. Given the importance of the ncRNAs, the roles of ncRNAs in cancers have been reviewed elsewhere. Thus, in this review, we mainly focus on the recent studies of the function, regulatory mechanism and therapeutic potential of the ncRNAs including microRNA (miRNA), long ncRNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA), in different type of cancers.

Full text

From PubMed Central, U.S. National Library of Medicine, as current on Oct 16, 2026. Paragraph numbers are ours, so an answer can point at one.

Introduction

Approx. 75% of the human genome is transcribed into RNA, while only 3% is transcribed into protein-coding mRNAs. According to the length, shape and location, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been divided into different classes. Among them, microRNA (miRNA), long ncRNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA) and PIWI interacting RNA (piRNA) are the four major ncRNA types with distinct functions in cancers. miRNAs are a kind of small RNA with approx. 22 nucleotides (nt) in length. miRNAs bind to the complementary sequence in targeted mRNA and cause RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) to degrade targeted mRNA (Figure 1). piRNA was first identified in Drosophila with 24–30 nt in length. It mainly exists in germline cells and binds to PIWI family proteins to participate in epigenetic regulation of chromatin. LncRNAs and circRNAs are more than 200 nt long, but lncRNAs are linear, while circRNAs are ringlike. Both lncRNAs and circRNAs can be transcribed from exon, intron, intergenic region or 5′/3′-untranslational regions and fold into complicated second structures, which facilitate their interactions with DNA, RNA and proteins (Figures 2 and 3). LncRNAs and circRNAs regulate gene expression through multiple mechanisms. They can play as miRNA decoy to prevent the targeted mRNA degradation. They can modulate transcription factors to bind to promoters and thus regulate targeted gene expression. They can also work as scaffold to regulate protein–protein interactions and the related downstream signaling pathways. Recently, some studies showed that lncRNAs and circRNAs participated in epigenetic modulation of chromatin to regulate gene expression.

Abundant evidences have shown that ncRNAs play crucial roles in human malignancies. They can work as oncogenes or suppressors to regulate cancer initiation and progression. Many ncRNAs can be released from cancer cells into blood or urine and act as diagnostic markers or prognostic indicators. Here, we mainly focus on overviewing the recently emerging studies of the four major ncRNAs in cancer.

miRNAs in cancers

Numerous studies have shown the important role of miRNAs in various cancers. Many miRNAs are highly expressed in cancer cells and promote cancer development. Some miRNAs even regulate the progression of multiple cancers. miR-126 is known to be highly expressed in breast and colorectal cancers. Recently, Silva et al. showed that miR-126 was also highly expressed in human B-ALL. Forced expression of miR-126 in mouse hematopoietic stem progenitor cells resulted in B-cell leukemia. Further study revealed that overexpression of miR-126 down-regulated the expression of p53 and its associated genes, while suppression of miR-126 triggered apoptosis and inhibited B-ALL progression in xenograft mice. miR-155 has been identified as an oncogene in many kinds of cancers, including colon, breast, lung, gastric and liver cancer. In agreement with its oncogenic roles, miR-155 has been regarded as a therapeutic target in different cancers. Recently, miR-155 was further shown to be up-regulated in plexiform neurofibromas. Up-regulated miR-155 increased proliferation and sphere formation of plexiform neurofibromas initiating cells. Inversely, anti-miR-155 nucleic acid decreased tumor number in mouse spontaneous plexiform neurofibromas model. miR-215 is another oncogene and up-regulated in glioblastoma by hypoxia. Hypoxia-elevated miR-215 targets epigenetic regulator KDM1B, to regulate the related downstream signaling and thus maintain glioblastoma initiating cell growth. Some miRNAs, such as miR-105 can be secreted by cancer cells via exosome to modulate tumor microenvironment. miR-105 is highly expressed in metastatic breast cancer cells. After secretion, miR-105-containing exosomes enter into endothelial monolayers and suppress the expression of the tight junction protein ZO-1, resulting in elevated vascular permeability and cancer metastasis. Zhuo et al. further showed that circulating miR-105 could act as a clinical indicator of breast metastasis.

Some miRNAs have been regarded as tumor suppressors, such as let-7 and miR-34a. The let-7 miRNAs contain many family members. Most of them are down-regulated in different types of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, colon cancer and pancreatic cancer. Let-7 miRNAs target and down-regulate many oncogenic genes including E2F1, ARID3B, K-RAS and c-Myc, resulting in suppression of tumor progression. Furthermore, higher levels of let-7 indicate better prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma and thyroid carcinoma. Recently, Pablo et al. showed that let-7 also targeted Long Interspersed Element class 1 (LINE-1), the only autonomously active transposable elements highly expressed in lung cancer, to impair its translation and reduce its mobilization. They proposed that Let-7 sustained somatic genome integrity by restricting LINE-1 retrotransposition. miR-34a is another tumor suppressor that plays an important role in suppressing cancer progression. We previously showed that miR-34a was critical for asymmetric division of colon cancer stem cells (CCSCs). Silencing miR-34a inhibits asymmetric cell division, promotes CCSC self-renewal and thus accelerates colon cancer progression. Kennerdell et al. also showed that miR-34a was decreased in most of the colon cancer cell lines and low levels of miR-34a predicted poor prognosis. Tumor suppressor miR-29 is identified in microenvironment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In CLL, miR-29 targets Tumor-Necrosis Factor (TRAF4), a factor associated with CD40 activation and B-cell receptor signaling. Down-regulated miR-29 elevates the expression of TRAF4 and activates CD40 signaling in CLL. Reversely, activated CD40 represses the expression of miR-29. miR-29-TRAF4-CD40 signaling axis plays as a negative feedback regulation loop in CLL. We have summarized the recent studies on miRNA functions in cancer in Table 1.

lncRNAs in cancers

Like miRNAs, lncRNAs also play as oncogenes or suppressors to regulate tumorigenesis and progression. HOTTIP, derived from HOXA gene, has been shown to be highly expressed in many caners. Recently, Luo et al. demonstrated that HOTTIP played as an oncogene in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They found that HOTTIP was aberrantly elevated in AML and worked as an epigenetic regulator to modulate hematopoietic gene-associated chromatin signature and transcription. LncTCF7 is another lncRNA transcribed from TCF gene locus. Wang et al. showed that lncTCF7 was highly expressed in liver cancer stem cells (CSCs) and was important for liver CSC self-renewal. Mechanistically, LncTCF7 recruited SWI/SNF complex to TCF7 promoter and activated Wnt signaling for sustaining liver CSC self-renewal. Epigenetically induced lncRNA1 (EPIC1) is first identified as an oncogene in luminal B breast cancer. Recently, EPIC1 has been found to be highly expressed in glioma, cholangiocarcinoma, pancreatic and lung cancers. Elevated EPIC1 promotes tumor growth by interacting with MYC to elevate its target genes, such as CDKN1A, CCNA2 and CDC20. Recently, Li et al. showed that linc0624, an antisense strand of CHD1L, worked as molecular decoy to segregate HDAC6–TRIM28–ZNF354C transcriptional corepressor complex away from the specific genomic loci, thus promoting the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Some lncRNAs act as suppressors to suppress cancer development and progression. Pvt1b, a p53-dependent isoform of the lncRNA, suppresses lung cancer growth by down-regulating c-Myc expression. DIRC3 is down-regulated in melanomas and its lower expression level is associated with shorter survival. Further study reveals that DIRC3 inhibits proliferation of melanoma cells via elevating the expression of tumor suppressor IGFBP5. Recently, SATB2-AS1, an antisense transcript of tumor suppressor SATB2, has also been shown to be down-regulated in colorectal cancer. Knockdown of SATB-AS1 significantly increases cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Mechanistically, SATB-AS1 works as a scaffold to recruit p300 to SATB2 promoter, up-regulating SATB2. Elevated SATB2 recruits HDAC1 to Snail promoter, suppressing Snail expression and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. MALAT1, a nuclear lncRNA, is also a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. Jong et al. showed that knockout of MALAT1 promoted breast cancer metastasis through disrupting the recruitment of transcription factor TEAD and co-activator YAP to the target gene promoters. We have summarized the recent studies on lncRNA functions in cancer in Table 2.

circRNAs in cancers

circRNAs are recently identified ncRNA type and act as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes. For instance, circCDYL is down-regulated in colon cancer, bladder cancer and triple-negative breast cancer and its underexpression is positively correlated with patient survival. Further studies shows that overexpression of circCDYL promots apoptosis and inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells. Mechanically, circCDYL functions as a sponge to protect TP53INP1 from miR-190a-3p-mediated down-regulation. The expression of circFOXO3 is lower in the breast cancers compared with that in adjacent benign tissues. Interestingly, circFOXO3 works not only as an miRNA sponge to protect Foxo3 mRNA from attack, but also as a scaffold to bridge p21 and CDK2 to inhibit cell cycle progression.

In contrast with the tumor suppressive roles, some cirRNAs have been identified as oncogenes. circ-CCAC1, also known as cholangiocarcinoma-associated circular RNA1, is highly expressed in cholangiocarcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma-derived endothelial vessels. In tumor cells, circCCAC1 recruits miR-514a-5p to up-regulate YY1 and its downstream gene CAMLG, which elevates the cell activity. In endothelial vessels, circ-CCAC1 up-regulates SH3GL2 by sequestering EZH2, thus reducing intercellular junction protein levels and increasing cell leakiness. circRNAHIPK3 derived from exon 2 of HIPK3 gene is highly expressed in many types of cancer, including glioma, prostate cancer, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and renal cancer. Through screening of 424 miRNAs, 9 miRNAs showed great suppressive ability on the HIPK3 exon 2. Interestingly, all the nine miRNAs have been identified as tumor suppressors and suppressed by circHIPK3. These studies demonstrate that the expression of circRNAs is dynamically regulated in different cancers, and regulates cancer progression through distinct mechanisms. We have summarized the recent studies on circRNA functions in cancer in Table 3.

piwiRNAs in cancers

Generally, piRNAs are expressed in the germline, but recent studies have demonstrated that piRNAs are also expressed in cancer cells, where piRNAs play crucial role in repression of transposable elements cleaving, deadenylation and decay. For instance, piRNA-823 has been identified to regulate proliferation and migration of a variety of cancer cells. In multiple myeloma (MM), silencing piRNA-823 induces the expression of apoptosis-related genes by modulating de novo DNA methylation. In colorectal cancer, inhibition of piR-823 suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis by activating apoptosis-associated transcription factor HSF1. Cordeiro et al. examined several piRNA pathways in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and found that piR-651 was down-regulated in classic Hodgkin lymphoma patients compared with that in healthy controls. In addition, low levels of piR-651 are positively correlated with short overall survival of the classic Hodgkin lymphoma patients. piRNA-54265 is highly expressed in cancer tissue and serum of the colorectal cancer patients. piRNA-54265 activates STAT3 signaling by facilitating PIWIL2/STAT3/SRC complex assemble. Thus, piRNAs are also important for cancer progression.

Targeting ncRNAs in cancer therapy

Recently, several ncRNAs have been used as novel therapeutic targets to treat cancers. Considering different roles of ncRNAs in specific cancer types, ncRNA mimics, antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) or small molecule drugs have been applied for the treatment of cancers. miR-34a mimic packaged in a liposomal nanoparticle, called MRX34, has gone through a phase I clinical trial in patients with advanced solid tumor. Moreover, miR-31-3p and miR-31-5p have been considered as colorectal cancer predictive biomarkers in phase III clinical trial. Li et al. took a computational approach to design and identify small molecules on the base of the predicted miRNA hairpin precursor structures. They found that a benzimidazole analog selectively inhibited the processing of pri-miR-96 into oncogenic miR-96 and thus elevated miR-96 target gene expression and promoted cancer cell apoptosis. Further optimization of benzimidazole turns out a dimeric benzimidazole and bisbenzimide compound, targaprimir-96, which shows a favorable pharmacokinetics profile and is effective at releasing tumor burden in a triple-negative breast cancer xenograft mouse model. Another dimeric benzimidazole and bisbenzimide analog, targaprimir (TGP)-515, is identified to target pri-miR-515, resulting in up-regulation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and enhancement of the therapeutic efficacy of the anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 antibody in breast cancer cells. Likewise, a bisbenzimide analog called targarpremir-210, also called TGP-210, is identified to bind to pre-miR-210, leading to the inhibition of processing of mature miR-210 and suppressing the outgrowth of xenograft tumors in mice. The attachment of a nuclease recruitment module on to targarpremir-210 offers a conjugate, TGP-210-RL, which is able to recruit RNase L on to pre-miR-210 to induce the degradation of pre-miR-210. Compared with TGP-210, TGP-210-RL conjugate exhibits higher binding affinity to the pre-miR-210 while lower affinity to DNA. Recently, an oligonucleotide inhibitor of miR-155, called cobomarsen, has been reported to decrease cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma. Clinically, this compound efficiently inhibits tumor growth without obvious side effects on the patients, supporting its potential therapeutic application in Diffuse Large B-cell or other types of Lymphoma. Further computational and experimental studies demonstrates that mitoxantrone is able to directly bind to pre-miR-21 and subsequently inhibits Dicer-mediated biogenesis of oncogenic miR-21. Several studies have demonstrated that ASOs can be used as inhibitors to block lncRNAs. In mouse model, ASOs targeting MALAT1 blocks metastasis of lung cancer cells. Together, targeting ncRNAs has been showing a promising approach for cancer therapy.

Conclusion

ncRNAs contain various classes and participate in regulation of the progression of various types of cancers. Some ncRNAs highly exist in serum or urine of the cancer patient and are capable to work as diagnostic markers or prognostic indicators. Many clinical trials have also been conducted by targeting ncRNAs and exhibited promising therapeutic effects. With deep investigation of the mechanisms, we have been broadening our understanding of ncRNA functions. For instance, miRNAs are originally considered to suppress target gene expression by binding to the 3′-UTR regions. Recently, we have realized that miRNAs could also bind to other regions of the genes and even up-regulate target gene expression. Now we also know that some lncRNAs actually can encode small peptides to regulate biological processes. However, there are still many unknown ncRNAs, particularly the new ncRNA classes with precise roles need to be investigated. Even for the well-known ncRNAs, their function and regulatory mechanisms could be changed with spatial-temporal alteration, such as expression pattern, structure and interacting proteins. Therefore, efforts still need to make to understand the precise function and mechanisms of the ncRNAs.

Targeting ncRNA therapies have been conducted in many clinical trials. Emerging technologies and new approaches will contribute to even better outcomes. For instance, targeting ncRNA approaches could be co-operated with immune therapy or other therapeutic treatments. Human organoids can be used for investigating functions or preclinical effects of ncRNAs in patients. Targeting ncRNAs by CRISPR-mediated gene editing may also be worth trying for certain diseases. Many ncRNAs both functions in physiology and pathology. Therefore, deep investigation of the function and mechanism will help to identify the ncRNAs specifically regulating cancers and reduce the adverse side effects. Overall, ncRNAs are heavily involved in regulating various cancers and targeting ncRNAs have exhibit promising therapeutic effect, while we still need to keep making efforts to reveal the mystery of ncRNA functions.

Summary

ncRNAs work as oncogenes or tumor suppressors to regulate carcinogenesis and progression.

ncRNAs regulate cancer progression through distinct mechanisms and represent potential drug targets or therapeutic entities.

Clinical trials have been conducted to treat cancers by targeting ncRNAs and exhibited promising therapeutic effect.

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    Not checked
  52. 52.

    Yan Y., Su M. and Qin B. (2020 ) CircHIPK3 promotes colorectal cancer cells proliferation and metastasis via modulating of miR-1207-5p/FMNL2 signal. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 524, 839–846

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.055

  53. 53.

    Han B., Shaolong E., Luan L., Li N. and Liu X. (2020 ) CircHIPK3 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) cells proliferation and metastasis via altering of miR-508-3p/CXCL13 signal. Onco Targets Ther. 13, 6051–6062

    Not in our library10.2147/ott.s251436

  54. 54.

    Hu D. and Zhang Y. (2019 ) Circular RNA HIPK3 promotes glioma progression by binding to miR-124-3p. Gene 690, 81–89

    Not in our library10.1016/j.gene.2018.11.073

  55. 55.

    Feng J., Yang M., Wei Q., Song F., Zhang Y., Wang X. et al. (2020 ) Novel evidence for oncogenic piRNA-823 as a promising prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in colorectal cancer. J. Cell. Mol. Med.

    Not in our library10.1111/jcmm.15537

  56. 56.

    Yan H., Wu Q.L., Sun C.Y., Ai L.S., Deng J., Zhang L. et al. (2015 ) piRNA-823 contributes to tumorigenesis by regulating de novo DNA methylation and angiogenesis in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 29, 196–206

    Not in our library10.1038/leu.2014.135

  57. 57.

    Li B., Hong J., Hong M., Wang Y., Yu T., Zang S. et al. (2019 ) piRNA-823 delivered by multiple myeloma-derived extracellular vesicles promoted tumorigenesis through re-educating endothelial cells in the tumor environment. Oncogene 38, 5227–5238

    Not in our library10.1038/s41388-019-0788-4

  58. 58.

    Yin J., Jiang X.Y., Qi W., Ji C.G., Xie X.L., Zhang D.X. et al. (2017 ) piR-823 contributes to colorectal tumorigenesis by enhancing the transcriptional activity of HSF1. Cancer Sci. 108, 1746–1756

    Not in our library10.1111/cas.13300

  59. 59.

    Cordeiro A., Navarro A., Gaya A., Diaz-Beya M., Gonzalez-Farre B., Castellano J.J. et al. (2016 ) PiwiRNA-651 as marker of treatment response and survival in classical Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncotarget 7, 46002–46013

    Not in our library10.18632/oncotarget.10015

  60. 60.

    Mai D., Zheng Y., Guo H., Ding P., Bai R., Li M. et al. (2020 ) Serum piRNA-54265 is a new biomarker for early detection and clinical surveillance of human colorectal cancer. Theranostics 10, 8468–8478

    Not in our library10.7150/thno.46241

  61. 61.
    Phase 1 study of MRX34, a liposomal miR-34a mimic, in patients with advanced solid tumours · 2020
    No notice
  62. 62.

    Anandappa G., Lampis A., Cunningham D., Khan K.H., Kouvelakis K., Vlachogiannis G. et al. (2019 ) miR-31-3p expression and benefit from anti-EGFR inhibitors in metastatic colorectal cancer patients enrolled in the Prospective Phase II PROSPECT-C Trial. Clin. Cancer Res. 25, 3830–3838

    Not in our library10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-3769

  63. 63.

    Sur D., Cainap C., Burz C., Havasi A., Chis I.C., Vlad C. et al. (2019 ) The role of miRNA -31-3p and miR-31-5p in the anti-EGFR treatment efficacy of wild-type K-RAS metastatic colorectal cancer. Is it really the next best thing in miRNAs? J. BUON. 24, 1739–1746

    Not in our library

  64. 64.

    Li Y. and Disney M.D. (2018 ) Precise small molecule degradation of a noncoding RNA identifies cellular binding sites and modulates an oncogenic phenotype. ACS Chem. Biol. 13, 3065–3071

    Not in our library10.1021/acschembio.8b00827

  65. 65.

    Velagapudi S.P., Cameron M.D., Haga C.L., Rosenberg L.H., Lafitte M., Duckett D.R. et al. (2016 ) Design of a small molecule against an oncogenic noncoding RNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 113, 5898–5903

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.1523975113

  66. 66.

    Costales M.G., Hoch D.G., Abegg D., Childs-Disney J.L., Velagapudi S.P., Adibekian A. et al. (2019 ) A designed small molecule inhibitor of a non-coding RNA sensitizes HER2 negative cancers to herceptin. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 141, 2960–2974

    Not in our library10.1021/jacs.8b10558

  67. 67.

    Costales M.G., Suresh B., Vishnu K. and Disney M.D. (2019 ) Targeted degradation of a hypoxia-associated non-coding RNA enhances the selectivity of a small molecule interacting with RNA. Cell Chem. Biol. 26, 1180.e5–1186.e5

    Not in our library10.1016/j.chembiol.2019.04.008

  68. 68.

    Tahara H., Kay M.A., Yasui W. and Tahara E. (2013 ) MicroRNAs in Cancer: the 22nd Hiroshima Cancer Seminar/the 4th Japanese Association for RNA Interference Joint International Symposium, 30 August 2012, Grand Prince Hotel Hiroshima. Jpn. J. Clin. Oncol. 43, 579–582

    Not in our library10.1093/jjco/hyt037

  69. 69.

    Anastasiadou E., Seto A., Beatty X., Hermreck M., Gilles M.E., Stroopinsky D. et al. (2021 ) Cobomarsen, an oligonucleotide inhibitor of miR-155, slows DLBCL tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Clin. Cancer Res. 27, 1139–1149

    Not in our library10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-3139

  70. 70.

    Shi Z., Zhang J., Qian X., Han L., Zhang K., Chen L. et al. (2013 ) AC1MMYR2, an inhibitor of dicer-mediated biogenesis of Oncomir miR-21, reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition and suppresses tumor growth and progression. Cancer Res. 73, 5519–5531

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-0280

  71. 71.

    Zhou T., Kim Y. and MacLeod A.R. (2016 ) Targeting long noncoding RNA with antisense oligonucleotide technology as cancer therapeutics. Methods Mol. Biol. 1402, 199–213

    Not in our library10.1007/978-1-4939-3378-5_16

  72. 72.
    Drugging the lncRNA MALAT1 via LNA gapmeR ASO inhibits gene expression of proteasome subunits and triggers anti-multiple myeloma activity · 2018
    No notice
  73. 73.

    Li X., Liang T., Chen S.S., Wang M., Wang R., Li K. et al. (2020 ) Matrine suppression of self-renewal was dependent on regulation of LIN28A/Let-7 pathway in breast cancer stem cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 121, 2139–2149

    Not in our library10.1002/jcb.29396

  74. 74.

    Choi S.K., Kim H.S., Jin T., Hwang E.H., Jung M. and Moon W.K. (2016 ) Overexpression of the miR-141/200c cluster promotes the migratory and invasive ability of triple-negative breast cancer cells through the activation of the FAK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways by secreting VEGF-A. BMC Cancer 16, 570

    Not in our library10.1186/s12885-016-2620-7

  75. 75.

    Wang Q., Selth L.A. and Callen D.F. (2017 ) MiR-766 induces p53 accumulation and G2/M arrest by directly targeting MDM4. Oncotarget 8, 29914–29924

    Not in our library10.18632/oncotarget.15530

  76. 76.

    Ouzounova M., Vuong T., Ancey P.B., Ferrand M., Durand G., Le-Calvez Kelm F. et al. (2013 ) MicroRNA miR-30 family regulates non-attachment growth of breast cancer cells. BMC Genomics 14, 139

    Not in our library10.1186/1471-2164-14-139

  77. 77.

    Yu B., You W., Chen G., Yu Y. and Yang Q. (2019 ) MiR-140-5p inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis by regulating MUC1 via BCL2A1/MAPK pathway in triple negative breast cancer. Cell Cycle 18, 2641–2650

    Not in our library10.1080/15384101.2019.1653107

  78. 78.

    Xia C., Yang Y., Kong F., Kong Q. and Shan C. (2018 ) MiR-143-3p inhibits the proliferation, cell migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells by modulating the expression of MAPK7. Biochimie 147, 98–104

    Not in our library10.1016/j.biochi.2018.01.003

  79. 79.
    miR-600 Acts as a Bimodal Switch that Regulates Breast Cancer Stem Cell Fate through WNT Signaling · 2017
    Not checked
  80. 80.

    Li M., Pan M., You C., Zhao F., Wu D., Guo M. et al. (2020 ) MiR-7 reduces the BCSC subset by inhibiting XIST to modulate the miR-92b/Slug/ESA axis and inhibit tumor growth. Breast Cancer Res. 22, 26

    Not in our library10.1186/s13058-020-01264-z

  81. 81.

    Zhang X., Hu Y., Gong C. and Zhang C. (2020 ) Overexpression of miR-518b in non-small cell lung cancer serves as a biomarker and facilitates tumor cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Oncol. Lett. 20, 1213–1220

    Not in our library10.3892/ol.2020.11667

  82. 82.

    Li Y., Zhang H., Fan L., Mou J., Yin Y., Peng C. et al. (2020 ) MiR-629-5p promotes the invasion of lung adenocarcinoma via increasing both tumor cell invasion and endothelial cell permeability. Oncogene 39, 3473–3488

    Not in our library10.1038/s41388-020-1228-1

  83. 83.

    Yang G., Zhang W., Yu C., Ren J. and An Z. (2015 ) MicroRNA let-7: Regulation, single nucleotide polymorphism, and therapy in lung cancer. J. Cancer Res. Ther. 11, C1–C6

    Not in our library10.4103/0973-1482.163830

  84. 84.

    Liu C., Hu W., Li L.L., Wang Y.X., Zhou Q., Zhang F. et al. (2018 ) Roles of miR-200 family members in lung cancer: more than tumor suppressors. Future Oncol. 14, 2875–2886

    Not in our library10.2217/fon-2018-0155

  85. 85.
    In vivo miRNA knockout screening identifies miR-190b as a novel tumor suppressor. · 2020
    Not checked
  86. 86.
    Ovarian cancer cell invasiveness is associated with discordant exosomal sequestration of Let-7 miRNA and miR-200 · 2014
    No notice
  87. 87.

    Zhu H., Yang S.Y., Wang J., Wang L. and Han S.Y. (2016 ) Evidence for miR-17-92 and miR-134 gene cluster regulation of ovarian cancer drug resistance. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 20, 2526–2531

    Not in our library

  88. 88.

    Xiang G. and Cheng Y. (2018 ) MiR-126-3p inhibits ovarian cancer proliferation and invasion via targeting PLXNB2. Reprod. Biol. 18, 218–224

    Not in our library10.1016/j.repbio.2018.07.005

  89. 89.

    Li J.Z., Li J., Wang H.Q., Li X., Wen B. and Wang Y.J. (2017 ) MiR-141-3p promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation through inhibiting kruppel-like factor-9 expression. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 482, 1381–1386

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.045

  90. 90.

    Ozen M., Karatas O.F., Gulluoglu S., Bayrak O.F., Sevli S., Guzel E. et al. (2015 ) Overexpression of miR-145-5p inhibits proliferation of prostate cancer cells and reduces SOX2 expression. Cancer Invest. 33, 251–258

    Not in our library10.3109/07357907.2015.1025407

  91. 91.

    Cheng C.Y., Hwang C.I., Corney D.C., Flesken-Nikitin A., Jiang L., Oner G.M. et al. (2014 ) miR-34 cooperates with p53 in suppression of prostate cancer by joint regulation of stem cell compartment. Cell Rep. 6, 1000–1007

    Not in our library10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.023

  92. 92.

    Ren B., Yang B., Li P. and Ge L. (2020 ) Upregulation of MiR-1274a is correlated with survival outcomes and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of colon cancer. Onco Targets Ther. 13, 6957–6966

    Not in our library10.2147/ott.s246160

  93. 93.

    Fu Q., Du Y., Yang C., Zhang D., Zhang N., Liu X. et al. (2016 ) An oncogenic role of miR-592 in tumorigenesis of human colorectal cancer by targeting Forkhead Box O3A (FoxO3A). Expert Opin. Ther. Targets 20, 771–782

    Not in our library10.1080/14728222.2016.1181753

  94. 94.

    Ding X., Zhang J., Feng Z., Tang Q. and Zhou X. (2020 ) MiR-137-3p inhibits colorectal cancer cell migration by regulating a KDM1A-dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Dig. Dis. Sci.

    Not in our library10.1007/s10620-020-06518-6

  95. 95.

    Cong J., Gong J., Yang C., Xia Z. and Zhang H. (2020 ) miR-22 suppresses tumor invasion and metastasis in colorectal cancer by targeting NLRP3. Cancer Manag. Res. 12, 5419–5429

    Not in our library10.2147/cmar.s255125

  96. 96.

    Chang S., Sun G., Zhang D., Li Q. and Qian H. (2020 ) MiR-3622a-3p acts as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer by reducing stemness features and EMT through targeting spalt-like transcription factor 4. Cell Death Dis. 11, 592

    Not in our library10.1038/s41419-020-02789-z

  97. 97.
    miR-137: A Novel Therapeutic Target for Human Glioma · 2020
    Not checked
  98. 98.

    Huo L., Wang B., Zheng M., Zhang Y., Xu J., Yang G. et al. (2019 ) miR-128-3p inhibits glioma cell proliferation and differentiation by targeting NPTX1 through IRS-1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Exp. Ther. Med. 17, 2921–2930

    Not in our library10.3892/etm.2019.7284

  99. 99.

    Yang Y., Wu J., Guan H., Cai J., Fang L., Li J. et al. (2012 ) MiR-136 promotes apoptosis of glioma cells by targeting AEG-1 and Bcl-2. FEBS Lett. 586, 3608–3612

    Not in our library10.1016/j.febslet.2012.08.003

  100. 100.

    Nwaeburu C.C., Abukiwan A., Zhao Z. and Herr I. (2017 ) Quercetin-induced miR-200b-3p regulates the mode of self-renewing divisions in pancreatic cancer. Mol. Cancer 16, 23

    Not in our library10.1186/s12943-017-0589-8

  101. 101.

    Yao R., Xu L., Wei B., Qian Z., Wang J., Hui H. et al. (2019 ) miR-142-5p regulates pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis by regulation of RAP1A. Pathol. Res. Pract. 215, 152416

    Not in our library10.1016/j.prp.2019.04.008

  102. 102.

    Choi J.Y., Shin H.J. and Bae I.H. (2018 ) miR-93-5p suppresses cellular senescence by directly targeting Bcl-w and p21. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 505, 1134–1140

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.10.010

  103. 103.

    Gao Y., Zhang S.G., Wang Z.H. and Liao J.C. (2017 ) Down-regulation of miR-342-3p in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues and its prognostic significance. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 21, 2098–2102

    Not in our library

  104. 104.

    Liu L., Zhang W., Hu Y., Ma L. and Xu X. (2020 ) Downregulation of miR-1225-5p is pivotal for proliferation, invasion, and migration of HCC cells through NFκB regulation. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 34, e23474

    Not in our library10.1002/jcla.23474

  105. 105.

    Zhang X., Jiang P., Shuai L., Chen K., Li Z., Zhang Y. et al. (2016 ) miR-589-5p inhibits MAP3K8 and suppresses CD90(+) cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 35, 176

    Not in our library10.1186/s13046-016-0452-6

  106. 106.

    Cao F.Y., Zheng Y.B., Yang C., Huang S.Y., He X.B. and Tong S.L. (2020 ) miR-635 targets KIFC1 to inhibit the progression of gastric cancer. J. Invest. Med. 68, 1357–1363

    Not in our library10.1136/jim-2020-001438

  107. 107.

    Zhao H., Zheng Y., You J., Xiong J., Ying S., Xie L. et al. (2020 ) Tumor suppressor role of miR-876-5p in gastric cancer. Oncol. Lett. 20, 1281–1287

    Not in our library10.3892/ol.2020.11680

  108. 108.

    Lovat F., Nigita G., Distefano R., Nakamura T., Gasparini P., Tomasello L. et al. (2020 ) Combined loss of function of two different loci of miR-15/16 drives the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 117, 12332–12340

    Not in our library10.1073/pnas.2003597117

  109. 109.

    Khalaj M., Woolthuis C.M., Hu W., Durham B.H., Chu S.H., Qamar S. et al. (2017 ) miR-99 regulates normal and malignant hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. J. Exp. Med. 214, 2453–2470

    Not in our library10.1084/jem.20161595

  110. 110.

    Lin H., Rothe K., Chen M., Wu A., Babaian A., Yen R. et al. (2020 ) The miR-185/PAK6 axis predicts therapy response and regulates survival of drug-resistant leukemic stem cells in CML. Blood 136, 596–609

    Not in our library10.1182/blood.2019003636

  111. 111.

    Su Y.L., Wang X., Mann M., Adamus T.P., Wang D., Moreira D.F. et al. (2020 ) Myeloid cell-targeted miR-146a mimic inhibits NF-kappaB-driven inflammation and leukemia progression in vivo. Blood 135, 167–180

    Not in our library10.1182/blood.2019002045

  112. 112.

    Li Z., Jin C., Chen S., Zheng Y., Huang Y., Jia L. et al. (2017 ) Long non-coding RNA MEG3 inhibits adipogenesis and promotes osteogenesis of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via miR-140-5p. Mol. Cell. Biochem.

    Not in our library10.1007/s11010-017-3015-z

  113. 113.

    Zong Y., Zhang Y., Hou D., Xu J., Cui F., Qin Y. et al. (2020 ) The lncRNA XIST promotes the progression of breast cancer by sponging miR-125b-5p to modulate NLRC5. Am. J. Transl. Res. 12, 3501–3511

    Not in our library

  114. 114.

    Shima H., Kida K., Adachi S., Yamada A., Sugae S., Narui K. et al. (2018 ) Lnc RNA H19 is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients and promotes cancer stemness. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 170, 507–516

    Not in our library10.1007/s10549-018-4793-z

  115. 115.

    Zhou Q., Guo J., Huang W., Yu X., Xu C. and Long X. (2020 ) Linc-ROR promotes the progression of breast cancer and decreases the sensitivity to rapamycin through miR-194-3p targeting MECP2. Mol. Oncol. 14, 2231–2250

    Not in our library10.1002/1878-0261.12700

  116. 116.
    Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR promotes breast cancer development by targeting ZEB1 via sponging miR-601 · 2020
    Not checked
  117. 117.

    Chang K.C., Diermeier S.D., Yu A.T., Brine L.D., Russo S., Bhatia S. et al. (2020 ) MaTAR25 lncRNA regulates the Tensin1 gene to impact breast cancer progression. Nat. Commun. 11, 6438

    Not in our library10.1038/s41467-020-20207-y

  118. 118.
    LncRNA DILA1 inhibits Cyclin D1 degradation and contributes to tamoxifen resistance in breast cancer · 2020
    No notice
  119. 119.

    Fang Z., Wang Y., Wang Z., Xu M., Ren S., Yang D. et al. (2020 ) ERINA is an estrogen-responsive LncRNA that drives breast cancer through the E2F1/RB1 pathway. Cancer Res. 80, 4399–4413

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-1031

  120. 120.

    Jin X., Xu X.E., Jiang Y.Z., Liu Y.R., Sun W., Guo Y.J. et al. (2019 ) The endogenous retrovirus-derived long noncoding RNA TROJAN promotes triple-negative breast cancer progression via ZMYND8 degradation. Sci. Adv. 5, eaat9820

    Not in our library10.1126/sciadv.aat9820

  121. 121.

    Zagorac S., de Giorgio A., Dabrowska A., Kalisz M., Casas-Vila N., Cathcart P. et al. (2020 ) SCIRT lncRNA restrains tumorigenesis by opposing transcriptional programs of tumor-initiating cells. Cancer Res. 81, 580–593

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2612

  122. 122.

    Cho S.W., Xu J., Sun R., Mumbach M.R., Carter A.C., Chen Y.G. et al. (2018 ) Promoter of lncRNA gene PVT1 Is a tumor-suppressor DNA boundary element. Cell 173, 1398.e22–1412.e22

    Not in our library10.1016/j.cell.2018.03.068

  123. 123.

    Zhang Y., Guo J., Cai E., Cai J., Wen Y., Lu S. et al. (2020 ) HOTAIR maintains the stemness of ovarian cancer stem cells via the miR-206/TBX3 axis. Exp. Cell. Res. 395, 112218

    Not in our library10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112218

  124. 124.

    Li Y., Hou C.Z., Dong Y.L., Zhu L. and Xu H. (2020 ) Long noncoding RNA LINP1 promoted proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer via inhibiting KLF6. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 24, 7918

    Not in our library10.26355/eurrev_202008_22452

  125. 125.

    Wang J., Gu J., You A., Li J., Zhang Y., Rao G. et al. (2020 ) The transcription factor USF1 promotes glioma cell invasion and migration by activating lncRNA HAS2-AS1. Biosci. Rep. 40,

    Not in our library10.1042/bsr20200487

  126. 126.

    Liu Z.Z., Tian Y.F., Wu H., Ouyang S.Y. and Kuang W.L. (2020 ) LncRNA H19 promotes glioma angiogenesis through miR-138/HIF-1alpha/VEGF axis. Neoplasma 67, 111–118

    Not in our library10.4149/neo_2019_190121n61

  127. 127.

    Li D.X., Fei X.R., Dong Y.F., Cheng C.D., Yang Y., Deng X.F. et al. (2017 ) The long non-coding RNA CRNDE acts as a ceRNA and promotes glioma malignancy by preventing miR-136-5p-mediated downregulation of Bcl-2 and Wnt2. Oncotarget 8, 88163–88178

    Not in our library10.18632/oncotarget.21513

  128. 128.

    Shen J., Xiong J., Shao X., Cheng H., Fang X., Sun Y. et al. (2020 ) Knockdown of the long noncoding RNA XIST suppresses glioma progression by upregulating miR-204-5p. J. Cancer 11, 4550–4559

    Not in our library10.7150/jca.45676

  129. 129.

    Feng S., Yao J., Chen Y., Geng P., Zhang H., Ma X. et al. (2015 ) Expression and functional role of reprogramming-related long noncoding RNA (lincRNA-ROR) in glioma. J. Mol. Neurosci. 56, 623–630

    Not in our library10.1007/s12031-014-0488-z

  130. 130.

    Gong X. and Zhu Z. (2020 ) Long noncoding RNA HOTAIR contributes to progression in hepatocellular carcinoma by sponging miR-217-5p. Cancer Biother. Radiopharm. 35, 387–396

    Not in our library10.1089/cbr.2019.3070

  131. 131.

    Zhu P., Wang Y., Huang G., Ye B., Liu B., Wu J. et al. (2016 ) lnc-beta-Catm elicits EZH2-dependent beta-catenin stabilization and sustains liver CSC self-renewal. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 23, 631–639

    Not in our library10.1038/nsmb.3235

  132. 132.

    Sun X., Qian Y., Wang X., Cao R., Zhang J., Chen W. et al. (2020 ) LncRNA TRG-AS1 stimulates hepatocellular carcinoma progression by sponging miR-4500 to modulate BACH1. Cancer Cell Int. 20, 367

    Not in our library10.1186/s12935-020-01440-3

  133. 133.

    Liu N., Liu Q., Yang X., Zhang F., Li X., Ma Y. et al. (2018 ) Hepatitis B virus-upregulated LNC-HUR1 promotes cell proliferation and tumorigenesis by blocking p53 activity. Hepatology 68, 2130–2144

    Not in our library10.1002/hep.30098

  134. 134.
    The LINC01138 drives malignancies via activating arginine methyltransferase 5 in hepatocellular carcinoma · 2018
    Retracted
  135. 135.

    Malakar P., Shilo A., Mogilevsky A., Stein I., Pikarsky E., Nevo Y. et al. (2017 ) Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma development by SRSF1 upregulation and mTOR activation. Cancer Res. 77, 1155–1167

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1508

  136. 136.

    Wang X., Sun W., Shen W., Xia M., Chen C., Xiang D. et al. (2016 ) Long non-coding RNA DILC regulates liver cancer stem cells via IL-6/STAT3 axis. J. Hepatol. 64, 1283–1294

    Not in our library10.1016/j.jhep.2016.01.019

  137. 137.

    Qian Y.Y., Li K., Liu Q.Y. and Liu Z.S. (2017 ) Long non-coding RNA PTENP1 interacts with miR-193a-3p to suppress cell migration and invasion through the PTEN pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 8, 107859–107869

    Not in our library10.18632/oncotarget.22305

  138. 138.

    Xu F., Li C.H., Wong C.H., Chen G.G., Lai P.B.S., Shao S. et al. (2019 ) Genome-Wide screening and functional analysis identifies tumor suppressor long noncoding RNAs epigenetically silenced in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res. 79, 1305–1317

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-1659

  139. 139.

    Gu Z.G., Shen G.H., Lang J.H., Huang W.X., Qian Z.H. and Qiu J. (2020 ) Effects of long non-coding RNA URHC on proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 24, 7910

    Not in our library10.26355/eurrev_202008_22444

  140. 140.

    Chen B., Dragomir M.P., Fabris L., Bayraktar R., Knutsen E., Liu X. et al. (2020 ) The long noncoding RNA CCAT2 induces chromosomal instability through BOP1-AURKB signaling. Gastroenterology 159, 2146.e33–2162.e33

    Not in our library10.1053/j.gastro.2020.08.018

  141. 141.

    Li X.L., Subramanian M., Jones M.F., Chaudhary R., Singh D.K., Zong X. et al. (2017 ) Long noncoding RNA PURPL suppresses basal p53 levels and promotes tumorigenicity in colorectal cancer. Cell Rep. 20, 2408–2423

    Not in our library10.1016/j.celrep.2017.08.041

  142. 142.

    Zhou B., Yi F., Chen Y., Li C.H., Cheng Y.S. and Yang K. (2020 ) Reduced long noncoding RNA PGM5-AS1 facilitated proliferation and invasion of colorectal cancer through sponging miR-100-5p. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 24, 7972–7981

    Not in our library10.26355/eurrev_202008_22480

  143. 143.

    Sun Z.Q., Chen C., Zhou Q.B., Liu J.B., Yang S.X., Li Z. et al. (2017 ) Long non-coding RNA LINC00959 predicts colorectal cancer patient prognosis and inhibits tumor progression. Oncotarget 8, 97052–97060

    Not in our library10.18632/oncotarget.21171

  144. 144.

    Su W., Feng S., Chen X., Yang X., Mao R., Guo C. et al. (2018 ) Silencing of long noncoding RNA MIR22HG triggers cell survival/death signaling via oncogenes YBX1, MET, and p21 in lung cancer. Cancer Res. 78, 3207–3219

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-0222

  145. 145.

    Hu W.L., Jin L., Xu A., Wang Y.F., Thorne R.F., Zhang X.D. et al. (2018 ) GUARDIN is a p53-responsive long non-coding RNA that is essential for genomic stability. Nat. Cell Biol. 20, 492–502

    Not in our library10.1038/s41556-018-0066-7

  146. 146.

    Shahabi S., Kumaran V., Castillo J., Cong Z., Nandagopal G., Mullen D.J. et al. (2019 ) LINC00261 is an epigenetically regulated tumor suppressor essential for activation of the DNA damage response. Cancer Res. 79, 3050–3062

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-18-2034

  147. 147.

    David A., Zocchi S., Talbot A., Choisy C., Ohnona A., Lion J. et al. (2020 ) The long non-coding RNA CRNDE regulates growth of multiple myeloma cells via an effect on IL6 signalling. Leukemia,

    Not in our library10.1038/s41375-020-01034-y

  148. 148.

    Wang Y., Zhang M., Xu H., Wang Y., Li Z., Chang Y. et al. (2017 ) Discovery and validation of the tumor-suppressive function of long noncoding RNA PANDA in human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma through the inactivation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway. Oncotarget 8, 72182–72196

    Not in our library10.18632/oncotarget.20053

  149. 149.
    Upregulated Circular RNA circ-UBE2D2 Predicts Poor Prognosis and Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Sponging miR-1236 and miR-1287 · 2019
    Not checked
  150. 150.

    Ye G., Pan R., Zhu L. and Zhou D. (2020 ) Circ_DCAF6 potentiates cell stemness and growth in breast cancer through GLI1-Hedgehog pathway. Exp. Mol. Pathol. 116, 104492

    Not in our library10.1016/j.yexmp.2020.104492

  151. 151.

    Du W.W., Yang W., Li X., Awan F.M., Yang Z., Fang L. et al. (2018 ) A circular RNA circ-DNMT1 enhances breast cancer progression by activating autophagy. Oncogene 37, 5829–5842

    Not in our library10.1038/s41388-018-0369-y

  152. 152.

    Mao Y., Lv M., Cao W., Liu X., Cui J., Wang Y. et al. (2020 ) Circular RNA 000554 represses epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer by regulating microRNA-182/ZFP36 axis. FASEB J. 34, 11405–11420,

    Not in our library10.1096/fj.201903047r

  153. 153.

    Hu Y., Guo F., Zhu H., Tan X., Zhu X., Liu X. et al. (2020 ) Circular RNA-0001283 suppresses breast cancer proliferation and invasion via MiR-187/HIPK3 axis. Med. Sci. Monit. 26, e921502

    Not in our library10.12659/msm.921502

  154. 154.

    Xiong S., Li D., Wang D., Huang L., Liang G., Wu Z. et al. (2020 ) Circular RNA MYLK promotes glycolysis and proliferation of non-small cell lung cancer cells by sponging miR-195-5p and increasing glucose transporter member 3 expression. Cancer Manag. Res. 12, 5469–5478

    Not in our library10.2147/cmar.s257386

  155. 155.

    Fu Y., Su L., Cai M., Yao B., Xiao S., He Q. et al. (2019 ) Downregulation of CPA4 inhibits non small-cell lung cancer growth by suppressing the AKT/c-MYC pathway. Mol. Carcinog. 58, 2026–2039

    Not in our library10.1002/mc.23095

  156. 156.

    Xue M., Hong W., Jiang J., Zhao F. and Gao X. (2020 ) Circular RNA circ-LDLRAD3 serves as an oncogene to promote non-small cell lung cancer progression by upregulating SLC1A5 through sponging miR-137. RNA Biol. 17, 1811–1822

    Not in our library10.1080/15476286.2020.1789819

  157. 157.

    Dai J., Zhuang Y., Tang M., Qian Q. and Chen J.P. (2020 ) CircRNA UBAP2 facilitates the progression of colorectal cancer by regulating miR-199a/VEGFA pathway. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 24, 7963–7971

    Not in our library10.26355/eurrev_202008_22479

  158. 158.

    Yang Y., Zhang Y., Chen B., Ding L., Mu Z. and Li Y. (2019 ) Elevation of circular RNA circ-POSTN facilitates cell growth and invasion by sponging miR-1205 in glioma. J. Cell. Biochem. 120, 16567–16574

    Not in our library10.1002/jcb.28916

  159. 159.

    Zhang M., Huang N., Yang X., Luo J., Yan S., Xiao F. et al. (2018 ) A novel protein encoded by the circular form of the SHPRH gene suppresses glioma tumorigenesis. Oncogene 37, 1805–1814

    Not in our library10.1038/s41388-017-0019-9

  160. 160.

    Zang H., Li Y., Zhang X. and Huang G. (2020 ) Circ_0000517 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma progression by upregulating TXNDC5 via sponging miR-1296-5p. Cancer Manag. Res. 12, 3457–3468

    Not in our library10.2147/cmar.s244024

  161. 161.

    Zhu Q., Lu G., Luo Z., Gui F., Wu J., Zhang D. et al. (2018 ) CircRNA circ_0067934 promotes tumor growth and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma through regulation of miR-1324/FZD5/Wnt/beta-catenin axis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 497, 626–632

    Not in our library10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.02.119

  162. 162.

    Hu Z.Q., Zhou S.L., Li J., Zhou Z.J., Wang P.C., Xin H.Y. et al. (2020 ) Circular RNA sequencing identifies CircASAP1 as a key regulator in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis. Hepatology 72, 906–922

    Not in our library10.1002/hep.31068

  163. 163.

    Wei Y., Chen X., Liang C., Ling Y., Yang X., Ye X. et al. (2020 ) A noncoding regulatory RNAs network driven by Circ-CDYL acts specifically in the early stages hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 71, 130–147

    Not in our library10.1002/hep.30795

  164. 164.

    Meng J., Chen S., Han J.X., Qian B., Wang X.R., Zhong W.L. et al. (2018 ) Twist1 regulates vimentin through Cul2 circular RNA to promote EMT in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Res. 78, 4150–4162

    Not in our library10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3009

  165. 165.

    Mi L., Lei L., Yin X., Li N., Shi J., Han X. et al. (2020 ) Circ_0000144 functions as a miR-623 sponge to enhance gastric cancer progression via up-regulating GPRC5A. Biosci. Rep. 40,,

    Not in our library10.1042/bsr20201313

  166. 166.

    Liu Y., Jiang Y., Xu L., Qu C., Zhang L., Xiao X. et al. (2020 ) circ-NRIP1 promotes glycolysis and tumor progression by regulating miR-186-5p/MYH9 axis in gastric cancer. Cancer Manag. Res. 12, 5945–5956

    Not in our library10.2147/cmar.s245941

  167. 167.

    Zhou J., Dong Z.N., Qiu B.Q., Hu M., Liang X.Q., Dai X. et al. (2020 ) CircRNA FGFR3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of ovarian cancer by regulating miR-29a-3p/E2F1 axis. Aging (Albany N.Y.) 12, 14080–14091

    Not in our library10.18632/aging.103388

  168. 168.

    Xu Q., Deng B., Li M., Chen Y. and Zhuan L. (2020 ) circRNA-UBAP2 promotes the proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of ovarian cancer though miR-382-5p/PRPF8 axis. J. Ovarian Res. 13, 81

    Not in our library10.1186/s13048-020-00685-w

  169. 169.

    Gong J., Xu X., Zhang X. and Zhou Y. (2020 ) Circular RNA-9119 suppresses in ovarian cancer cell viability via targeting the microRNA-21-5p-PTEN-Akt pathway. Aging (Albany N.Y.) 12, 14314–14328

    Not in our library10.18632/aging.103470

  170. 170.

    Lin C., Xu X., Yang Q., Liang L. and Qiao S. (2020 ) Circular RNA ITCH suppresses proliferation, invasion, and glycolysis of ovarian cancer cells by up-regulating CDH1 via sponging miR-106a. Cancer Cell Int. 20, 336

    Not in our library10.1186/s12935-020-01420-7

  171. 171.
    Circular RNA MTO1 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion of Ovarian Cancer Cells Through the miR-182-5p/KLF15 Axis · 2020
    Not checked

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