Influenza A virus hemagglutinin and neuraminidase act as novel motile machinery

Abstract

Influenza A virus (IAV) membrane proteins hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) are determinants of virus infectivity, transmissibility, pathogenicity, host specificity, and major antigenicity. HA binds to a virus receptor, a sialoglycoprotein or sialoglycolipid, on the host cell and mediates virus attachment to the cell surface. The hydrolytic enzyme NA cleaves sialic acid from viral receptors and accelerates the release of progeny virus from host cells. In this study, we identified a novel function of HA and NA as machinery for viral motility. HAs exchanged binding partner receptors iteratively, generating virus movement on a receptor-coated glass surface instead of a cell surface. The virus movement was also dependent on NA. Virus movement mediated by HA and NA resulted in a three to four-fold increase in virus internalisation by cultured cells. We concluded that cooperation of HA and NA moves IAV particles on a cell surface and enhances virus infection of host cells.

Cited by papers we hold 6

• Antibodies directed towards neuraminidase restrict influenza virus replication in primary human bronchial epithelial cells. · 2022
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• The Quest for a Truly Universal Influenza Vaccine · 2019
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• Influenza A virus surface proteins are organized to help penetrate host mucus · 2019
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• Kinetic analysis of the influenza A virus HA/NA balance reveals contribution of NA to virus-receptor binding and NA-dependent rolling on receptor-containing surfaces · 2018
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• Influenza A Virus Cell Entry, Replication, Virion Assembly and Movement · 2018
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• NAction! How Can Neuraminidase-Based Immunity Contribute to Better Influenza Virus Vaccines? · 2018
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