Retinoids: present role and future potential

Abstract

Vitamin A and its biologically active derivatives, retinal and retinoic acid (RA), together with a large repertoire of synthetic analogues are collectively referred to as retinoids. Naturally occurring retinoids regulate the growth and differentiation of a wide variety of cell types and play a crucial role in the physiology of vision and as morphogenic agents during embryonic development. Retinoids and their analogues have been evaluated as chemoprevention agents, and also in the management of acute promyelocytic leukaemia. Retinoids exert most of their effects by binding to specific receptors and modulating gene expression. The development of new active retinoids and the identification of two distinct families of retinoid receptors has led to an increased understanding of the cellular effects of activation of these receptors. In this article we review the use of retinoids in chemoprevention strategies, discuss the cellular consequences of activated retinoid receptors, and speculate on how our increasing understanding of retinoid-induced signalling pathways may contribute to future therapeutic strategies in the management of malignant disease.

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85. 85.

    Oridate N., Lotan D., Xu X. C., Hong W. K., Lotan R. Differential induction of apoptosis by all-trans-retinoic acid and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. Clin Cancer Res. 1996;2(5):855-863.

    Not in our library

86. 86.

    Pastorino U., Infante M., Maioli M., Chiesa G., Buyse M., Firket P., Rosmentz N., Clerici M., Soresi E., Valente M. Adjuvant treatment of stage I lung cancer with high-dose vitamin A. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11(7):1216-1222.

    Not in our library10.1200/jco.1993.11.7.1216

87. 87.

    Perlmann T., Evans R. M. Nuclear receptors in Sicily: all in the famiglia. Cell. 1997;90(3):391-397.

    Not in our library10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80498-5

88. 88.

    Petkovich M., Brand N. J., Krust A., Chambon P. A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors. Nature. 1987;330(6147):444-450.

    Not in our library10.1038/330444a0

89. 89.

    Piacentini M., Annicchiarico-Petruzzelli M., Oliverio S., Piredda L., Biedler J. L., Melino E. Phenotype-specific "tissue" transglutaminase regulation in human neuroblastoma cells in response to retinoic acid: correlation with cell death by apoptosis. Int J Cancer. 1992;52(2):271-278.

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.2910520220

90. 90.

    Pratt M. A., Deonarine D., Teixeira C., Novosad D., Tate B. F., Grippo J. F. The AF-2 region of the retinoic acid receptor alpha mediates retinoic acid inhibition of estrogen receptor function in breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 1996;271(34):20346-20352.

    Not in our library10.1074/jbc.271.34.20346

91. 91.

    Prout G. R., Barton B. A. 13-cis-retinoic acid in chemoprevention of superficial bladder cancer. The National Bladder Cancer Group. J Cell Biochem Suppl. 1992;16I:148-152.

    Not in our library

92. 92.

    Reichel H., Koeffler H. P., Norman A. W. The role of the vitamin D endocrine system in health and disease. N Engl J Med. 1989;320(15):980-991.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejm198904133201506

93. 93.

    Rinaldi D. A., Lippman S. M., Burris H. A., Chou C., Von Hoff D. D., Hong W. K. Phase II study of 13-cis-retinoic acid and interferon-alpha 2a in patients with advanced squamous cell lung cancer. Anticancer Drugs. 1993;4(1):33-36.

    Not in our library10.1097/00001813-199302000-00004

94. 94.

    Rishi A. K., Gerald T. M., Shao Z. M., Li X. S., Baumann R. G., Dawson M. I., Fontana J. A. Regulation of the human retinoic acid receptor alpha gene in the estrogen receptor negative human breast carcinoma cell lines SKBR-3 and MDA-MB-435. Cancer Res. 1996;56(22):5246-5252.

    Not in our library

95. 95.

    Roberts A. B., Sporn M. B. Mechanistic interrelationships between two superfamilies: the steroid/retinoid receptors and transforming growth factor-beta. Cancer Surv. 1992;14:205-220.

    Not in our library

96. 96.

    Roman S. D., Ormandy C. J., Manning D. L., Blamey R. W., Nicholson R. I., Sutherland R. L., Clarke C. L. Estradiol induction of retinoic acid receptors in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 1993;53(24):5940-5945.

    Not in our library

97. 97.

    Rook A. H., Jaworsky C., Nguyen T., Grossman R. A., Wolfe J. T., Witmer W. K., Kligman A. M. Beneficial effect of low-dose systemic retinoid in combination with topical tretinoin for the treatment and prophylaxis of premalignant and malignant skin lesions in renal transplant recipients. Transplantation. 1995;59(5):714-719.

    Not in our library10.1097/00007890-199503150-00013

98. 98.

    Rubin M., Fenig E., Rosenauer A., Menendez-Botet C., Achkar C., Bentel J. M., Yahalom J., Mendelsohn J., Miller W. H. 9-Cis retinoic acid inhibits growth of breast cancer cells and down-regulates estrogen receptor RNA and protein. Cancer Res. 1994;54(24):6549-6556.

    Not in our library

99. 99.

    Sacks P. G., Harris D., Chou T. C. Modulation of growth and proliferation in squamous cell carcinoma by retinoic acid: a rationale for combination therapy with chemotherapeutic agents. Int J Cancer. 1995;61(3):409-415.

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.2910610322

100. 100.

     Schadendorf D., Kern M. A., Artuc M., Pahl H. L., Rosenbach T., Fichtner I., Nürnberg W., Stüting S., von Stebut E., Worm M. Treatment of melanoma cells with the synthetic retinoid CD437 induces apoptosis via activation of AP-1 in vitro, and causes growth inhibition in xenografts in vivo. J Cell Biol. 1996;135(6 Pt 2):1889-1898.

     Not in our library10.1083/jcb.135.6.1889

101. 101.

     Scita G., Darwiche N., Greenwald E., Rosenberg M., Politi K., De Luca L. M. Retinoic acid down-regulation of fibronectin and retinoic acid receptor alpha proteins in NIH-3T3 cells. Blocks of this response by ras transformation. J Biol Chem. 1996;271(11):6502-6508.

     Not in our library10.1074/jbc.271.11.6502

102. 102.

     Selvakumaran M., Lin H. K., Sjin R. T., Reed J. C., Liebermann D. A., Hoffman B. The novel primary response gene MyD118 and the proto-oncogenes myb, myc, and bcl-2 modulate transforming growth factor beta 1-induced apoptosis of myeloid leukemia cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1994;14(4):2352-2360.

     Not in our library10.1128/mcb.14.4.2352-2360.1994

103. 103.

     Shabahang M., Buras R. R., Davoodi F., Schumaker L. M., Nauta R. J., Uskokovic M. R., Brenner R. V., Evans S. R. Growth inhibition of HT-29 human colon cancer cells by analogues of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Cancer Res. 1994;54(15):4057-4064.

     Not in our library

104. 104.

     Shalinsky D. R., Bischoff E. D., Gregory M. L., Lamph W. W., Heyman R. A., Hayes J. S., Thomazy V., Davies P. J. Enhanced antitumor efficacy of cisplatin in combination with ALRT1057 (9-cis retinoic acid) in human oral squamous carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Clin Cancer Res. 1996;2(3):511-520.

     Not in our library

105. 105.

     Shalinsky D. R., Bischoff E. D., Lamph W. W., Zhang L., Boehm M. F., Davies P. J., Nadzan A. M., Heyman R. A. A novel retinoic acid receptor-selective retinoid, ALRT1550, has potent antitumor activity against human oral squamous carcinoma xenografts in nude mice. Cancer Res. 1997;57(1):162-168.

     Not in our library

106. 106.

     Shao Z. M., Dawson M. I., Li X. S., Rishi A. K., Sheikh M. S., Han Q. X., Ordonez J. V., Shroot B., Fontana J. A. p53 independent G0/G1 arrest and apoptosis induced by a novel retinoid in human breast cancer cells. Oncogene. 1995;11(3):493-504.

     Not in our library

107. 107.

     Sheikh M. S., Shao Z. M., Li X. S., Dawson M., Jetten A. M., Wu S., Conley B. A., Garcia M., Rochefort H., Fontana J. A. Retinoid-resistant estrogen receptor-negative human breast carcinoma cells transfected with retinoic acid receptor-alpha acquire sensitivity to growth inhibition by retinoids. J Biol Chem. 1994;269(34):21440-21447.

     Not in our library

108. 108.

     Sheikh M. S., Shao Z. M., Li X. S., Ordonez J. V., Conley B. A., Wu S., Dawson M. I., Han Q. X., Chao W. R., Quick T. N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR)-mediated biological actions involve retinoid receptor-independent pathways in human breast carcinoma. Carcinogenesis. 1995;16(10):2477-2486.

     Not in our library10.1093/carcin/16.10.2477

109. 109.

     Smith W. C., Nakshatri H., Leroy P., Rees J., Chambon P. A retinoic acid response element is present in the mouse cellular retinol binding protein I (mCRBPI) promoter. EMBO J. 1991;10(8):2223-2230.

     Not in our library10.1002/j.1460-2075.1991.tb07758.x

110. 110.

     Studer U. E., Jenzer S., Biedermann C., Chollet D., Kraft R., von Toggenburg H., Vonbank F. Adjuvant treatment with a vitamin A analogue (etretinate) after transurethral resection of superficial bladder tumors. Final analysis of a prospective, randomized multicenter trial in Switzerland. Eur Urol. 1995;28(4):284-290.

     Not in our library10.1159/000475068

111. 111.

     Supino R., Crosti M., Clerici M., Warlters A., Cleris L., Zunino F., Formelli F. Induction of apoptosis by fenretinide (4HPR) in human ovarian carcinoma cells and its association with retinoic acid receptor expression. Int J Cancer. 1996;65(4):491-497.

     Not in our library10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19960208)65:4<491::aid-ijc17>3.0.co;2-d

112. 112.

     Symonds H., Krall L., Remington L., Saenz-Robles M., Lowe S., Jacks T., Van Dyke T. p53-dependent apoptosis suppresses tumor growth and progression in vivo. Cell. 1994;78(4):703-711.

     Not in our library10.1016/0092-8674(94)90534-7

113. 113.

     Tallman M. S., Andersen J. W., Schiffer C. A., Appelbaum F. R., Feusner J. H., Ogden A., Shepherd L., Willman C., Bloomfield C. D., Rowe J. M. All-trans-retinoic acid in acute promyelocytic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 1997;337(15):1021-1028.

     Not in our library10.1056/nejm199710093371501

114. 114.

     Thiruvengadam R., Atiba J. O., Azawi S. H. A phase II trial of a differentiating agent (tRA) with cisplatin-VP 16 chemotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Invest New Drugs. 1996;14(4):395-401.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00180817

115. 115.

     Tsang N. M., Nagasawa H., Li C., Little J. B. Abrogation of p53 function by transfection of HPV16 E6 gene enhances the resistance of human diploid fibroblasts to ionizing radiation. Oncogene. 1995;10(12):2403-2408.

     Not in our library

116. 116.

     Voravud N., Lippman S. M., Weber R. S., Rodriquez G. I., Yee D., Dimery I. W., Earley C. L., Von Hoff D. D., Hong W. K. Phase II trial of 13-cis-retinoic acid plus interferon-alpha in recurrent head and neck cancer. Invest New Drugs. 1993;11(1):57-60.

     Not in our library10.1007/bf00873912

117. 117.

     Warrell R. P., Frankel S. R., Miller W. H., Scheinberg D. A., Itri L. M., Hittelman W. N., Vyas R., Andreeff M., Tafuri A., Jakubowski A. Differentiation therapy of acute promyelocytic leukemia with tretinoin (all-trans-retinoic acid). N Engl J Med. 1991;324(20):1385-1393.

     Not in our library10.1056/nejm199105163242002

118. 118.

     Widschwendter M., Daxenbichler G., Dapunt O., Marth C. Effects of retinoic acid and gamma-interferon on expression of retinoic acid receptor and cellular retinoic acid-binding protein in breast cancer cells. Cancer Res. 1995;55(10):2135-2139.

     Not in our library

119. 119.

     Wilcken N. R., Musgrove E. A., Sutherland R. L. Different points of action of retinoids and anti-estrogens in G1 phase identified in synchronized T-47D breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer. 1997;70(3):291-296.

     Not in our library10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970127)70:3<291::aid-ijc8>3.0.co;2-s

120. 120.

     Wu G. S., El-Deiry W. S. Apoptotic death of tumor cells correlates with chemosensitivity, independent of p53 or bcl-2. Clin Cancer Res. 1996;2(4):623-633.

     Not in our library

121. 121.

     Yang N., Schüle R., Mangelsdorf D. J., Evans R. M. Characterization of DNA binding and retinoic acid binding properties of retinoic acid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991;88(9):3559-3563.

     Not in our library10.1073/pnas.88.9.3559

122. 122.

     Zhang X. K., Hoffmann B., Tran P. B., Graupner G., Pfahl M. Retinoid X receptor is an auxiliary protein for thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors. Nature. 1992;355(6359):441-446.

     Not in our library10.1038/355441a0

123. 123.

     Zugmaier G., Jäger R., Grage B., Gottardis M. M., Havemann K., Knabbe C. Growth-inhibitory effects of vitamin D analogues and retinoids on human pancreatic cancer cells. Br J Cancer. 1996;73(11):1341-1346.

     Not in our library10.1038/bjc.1996.256

124. 124.

     de Bruijn D. R., Oerlemans F., Hendriks W., Baats E., Ploemacher R., Wieringa B., Geurts van Kessel A. Normal development, growth and reproduction in cellular retinoic acid binding protein-I (CRABPI) null mutant mice. Differentiation. 1994;58(2):141-148.

     Not in our library10.1046/j.1432-0436.1995.5820141.x

125. 125.

     van der Burg B., van der Leede B. M., Kwakkenbos-Isbrücker L., Salverda S., de Laat S. W., van der Saag P. T. Retinoic acid resistance of estradiol-independent breast cancer cells coincides with diminished retinoic acid receptor function. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 1993;91(1-2):149-157.

     Not in our library10.1016/0303-7207(93)90267-n

Cited by papers we hold 1

• Lipids in pharmaceutical and cosmetic preparations · 2000
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