Food groups and colorectal cancer risk

Abstract

Most studies of diet and colorectal cancer have considered nutrients and micronutrients, but the role of foods or food groups remains open to debate. To elucidate the issue, we examined data from a case-control study conducted between 1992 and 1997 in the Swiss canton of Vaud. Cases were 223 patients (142 men, 81 women) with incident, histologically confirmed colon (n= 119) or rectal (n= 104) cancer (median age 63 years), linked with the Cancer Registry of the Swiss Canton of Vaud, and controls were 491 subjects (211 men, 280 women, median age 58 years) admitted to the same university hospital for a wide spectrum of acute non-neoplastic conditions unrelated to long-term modifications of diet. Odds ratios (OR) were obtained after allowance for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol, body mass index, physical activity and total energy intake. Significant associations were observed for refined grain (OR = 1.32 for an increase of one serving per day), and red meat (OR = 1.54), pork and processed meat (OR = 1.27), alcohol (OR = 1.28), and significant protections for whole grain (OR = 0.85), raw (OR = 0.85) and cooked vegetables (OR = 0.69), citrus (OR = 0.86) and other fruits (OR = 0.85), and for coffee (OR = 0.73). Garlic was also protective (OR = 0.32 for the highest tertile of intake). These findings in a central European population support the hypothesis that a diet rich in refined grains and red meat increases the risk of colorectal cancer; they, therefore, support the recommendation to substitute whole grains for refined grain, to limit meat intake, and to increase fruit and vegetable consumption.

References 16

1. 1.

   Bruzzi P., Green S. B., Byar D. P., Brinton L. A., Schairer C. Estimating the population attributable risk for multiple risk factors using case-control data. Am J Epidemiol. 1985;122(5):904-914.

   Not in our library10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114174

2. 2.

   Buiatti E., Palli D., Decarli A., Amadori D., Avellini C., Bianchi S., Biserni R., Cipriani F., Cocco P., Giacosa A. A case-control study of gastric cancer and diet in Italy. Int J Cancer. 1989;44(4):611-616.

   Not in our library10.1002/ijc.2910440409

3. 3.

   Decarli A., Franceschi S., Ferraroni M., Gnagnarella P., Parpinel M. T., La Vecchia C., Negri E., Salvini S., Falcini F., Giacosa A. Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire to assess dietary intakes in cancer studies in Italy. Results for specific nutrients. Ann Epidemiol. 1996;6(2):110-118.

   Not in our library10.1016/1047-2797(95)00129-8

4. 4.
   Garlic and its significance for the prevention of cancer in humans: a critical view · 1993

   No notice
5. 5.

   Fernandez E., D'Avanzo B., Negri E., Franceschi S., La Vecchia C. Diet diversity and the risk of colorectal cancer in northern Italy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 1996;5(6):433-436.

   Not in our library

6. 6.

   Gaard M., Tretli S., Løken E. B. Dietary factors and risk of colon cancer: a prospective study of 50,535 young Norwegian men and women. Eur J Cancer Prev. 1996;5(6):445-454.

   Not in our library

7. 7.

   Giovannucci E., Rimm E. B., Stampfer M. J., Colditz G. A., Ascherio A., Willett W. C. Intake of fat, meat, and fiber in relation to risk of colon cancer in men. Cancer Res. 1994;54(9):2390-2397.

   Not in our library

8. 8.

   Goldbohm R. A., van den Brandt P. A., van 't Veer P., Brants H. A., Dorant E., Sturmans F., Hermus R. J. A prospective cohort study on the relation between meat consumption and the risk of colon cancer. Cancer Res. 1994;54(3):718-723.

   Not in our library

9. 9.

   Hu J. F., Liu Y. Y., Yu Y. K., Zhao T. Z., Liu S. D., Wang Q. Q. Diet and cancer of the colon and rectum: a case-control study in China. Int J Epidemiol. 1991;20(2):362-367.

   Not in our library10.1093/ije/20.2.362

10. 10.

    Jacobs D. R., Slavin J., Marquart L. Whole grain intake and cancer: a review of the literature. Nutr Cancer. 1995;24(3):221-229.

    Not in our library10.1080/01635589509514411

11. 11.

    La Vecchia C., Negri E., Decarli A., D'Avanzo B., Gallotti L., Gentile A., Franceschi S. A case-control study of diet and colo-rectal cancer in northern Italy. Int J Cancer. 1988;41(4):492-498.

    Not in our library10.1002/ijc.2910410404

12. 12.

    Potter J. D. Nutrition and colorectal cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 1996;7(1):127-146.

    Not in our library10.1007/bf00115644

13. 13.

    Tavani A., Pregnolato A., La Vecchia C., Negri E., Talamini R., Franceschi S. Coffee and tea intake and risk of cancers of the colon and rectum: a study of 3,530 cases and 7,057 controls. Int J Cancer. 1997;73(2):193-197.

    Not in our library10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19971009)73:2<193::aid-ijc5>3.0.co;2-r

14. 14.

    Willett W. C., Stampfer M. J., Colditz G. A., Rosner B. A., Speizer F. E. Relation of meat, fat, and fiber intake to the risk of colon cancer in a prospective study among women. N Engl J Med. 1990;323(24):1664-1672.

    Not in our library10.1056/nejm199012133232404

15. 15.

    Willett W. The search for the causes of breast and colon cancer. Nature. 1989;338(6214):389-394.

    Not in our library10.1038/338389a0

16. 16.

    You W. C., Blot W. J., Chang Y. S., Ershow A., Yang Z. T., An Q., Henderson B. E., Fraumeni J. F., Wang T. G. Allium vegetables and reduced risk of stomach cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1989;81(2):162-164.

    Not in our library10.1093/jnci/81.2.162

Cited by papers we hold 4

• The influence of diet on anti-cancer immune responsiveness · 2018
  No notice
• Physical activity and colon cancer prevention: a meta-analysis · 2009
  No notice
• Nutrition and cancer: A review of the evidence for an anti-cancer diet · 2004
  No notice
• Allium vegetables and organosulfur compounds: do they help prevent cancer? · 2001
  No notice

Reads

A person counts once a day per paper. We keep no cookie and no address: a reader is a hash that changes every day. Any month under five reads shows no number.