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The promise and challenge of therapeutic genome editing

Jennifer A. Doudna

Nature · 2020 · Review

doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1978-5

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    Gaj T, Staahl BT, Rodrigues GMC, Limsirichai P, Ekman FK, Doudna JA & Schaffer DV Targeted gene knock-in by homology-directed genome editing using Cas9 ribonucleoprotein and AAV donor delivery. Nucleic Acids Res. 45, e98 (2017 ).

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    Rouet R, Thuma BA, Roy MD, Lintner NG, Rubitski DM, Finley JE, Wisniewska HM, Mendonsa R, Hirsh A, de Oñate L, Compte Barrón J, McLellan TJ, Bellenger J, Feng X, Varghese A, Chrunyk BA, Borzilleri K, Hesp KD, Zhou K, Ma N, Tu M, Dullea R, McClure KF, Wilson RC, Liras S, Mascitti V. & Doudna JA Receptor-Mediated Delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 Endonuclease for Cell-Type-Specific Gene Editing. J. Am. Chem. Soc 140, 6596–6603 (2018 ).

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    Yin J, Wang Q, Hou S, Bao L, Yao W. & Gao X. Potent Protein Delivery into Mammalian Cells via a Supercharged Polypeptide. J. Am. Chem. Soc 140, 17234–17240 (2018 ).

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    Riley RS, June CH, Langer R. & Mitchell MJ Delivery technologies for cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Rev. Drug Discov 18, 175–196 (2019 ).

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    Sun Y, Su J, Liu G, Chen J, Zhang X, Zhang R, Jiang M. & Qiu M. Advances of blood cell-based drug delivery systems. Eur. J. Pharm. Sci 96, 115–128 (2017 ).

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    Sharma P, Cho HA, Lee J-W, Ham WS, Park BC, Cho N-H & Kim YK Efficient intracellular delivery of biomacromolecules employing clusters of zinc oxide nanowires. Nanoscale 9, 15371–15378 (2017 ).

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    Kim D, Luk K, Wolfe SA & Kim J-S Evaluating and Enhancing Target Specificity of Gene-Editing Nucleases and Deaminases. Annu. Rev. Biochem (2019 )

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    Kosicki M, Tomberg K. & Bradley A. Repair of double-strand breaks induced by CRISPR-Cas9 leads to large deletions and complex rearrangements. Nat. Biotechnol 36, 765–771 (2018 ).

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    Poirot L, Philip B, Schiffer-Mannioui C, Le Clerre D, Chion-Sotinel I, Derniame S, Potrel P, Bas C, Lemaire L, Galetto R, Lebuhotel C, Eyquem J, Cheung GW-K, Duclert A, Gouble A, Arnould S, Peggs K, Pule M, Scharenberg AM & Smith J. Multiplex Genome-Edited T-cell Manufacturing Platform for ‘Off-the-Shelf’ Adoptive T-cell Immunotherapies. Cancer Res. 75, 3853–3864 (2015 ).

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    Tichy ED, Pillai R, Deng L, Liang L, Tischfield J, Schwemberger SJ, Babcock GF & Stambrook PJ Mouse embryonic stem cells, but not somatic cells, predominantly use homologous recombination to repair double-strand DNA breaks. Stem Cells Dev. 19, 1699–1711 (2010 ).

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    Buechele C, Breese EH, Schneidawind D, Lin C-H, Jeong J, Duque-Afonso J, Wong SHK, Smith KS, Negrin RS, Porteus M. & Cleary ML MLL leukemia induction by genome editing of human CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Blood 126, 1683–1694 (2015 ).

    Not in our library10.1182/blood-2015-05-646398

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    Maddalo D, Manchado E, Concepcion CP, Bonetti C, Vidigal JA, Han Y-C, Ogrodowski P, Crippa A, Rekhtman N, de Stanchina E, Lowe SW & Ventura A. In vivo engineering of oncogenic chromosomal rearrangements with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Nature 516, 423–427 (2014 ).

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    Eskandari T. NIST Genome Editing Consortium. NIST at <https://www.nist.gov/programsprojects/nist-genome-editing-consortium>

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    Gilbert LA, Larson MH, Morsut L, Liu Z, Brar GA, Torres SE, Stern-Ginossar N, Brandman O, Whitehead EH, Doudna JA, Lim WA, Weissman JS & Qi LS CRISPR-mediated modular RNA-guided regulation of transcription in eukaryotes. Cell 154, 442–451 (2013 ).

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    Liu XS, Wu H, Ji X, Stelzer Y, Wu X, Czauderna S, Shu J, Dadon D, Young RA & Jaenisch R. Editing DNA Methylation in the Mammalian Genome. Cell 167, 233–247.e17 (2016 ).

    Not in our library10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.056

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    Wilson RC & Carroll D. The Daunting Economics of Therapeutic Genome Editing. CRISPR J 2, 280–284 (2019 ).

    Not in our library10.1089/crispr.2019.0052

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    Wagner DL, Amini L, Wendering DJ, Burkhardt L-M, Akyüz L, Reinke P, Volk H-D & Schmueck-Henneresse M. High prevalence of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9reactive T cells within the adult human population. Nat. Med 25, 242–248 (2019 ).

    Not in our library10.1038/s41591-018-0204-6

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    Haapaniemi E, Botla S, Persson J, Schmierer B. & Taipale J. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing induces a p53-mediated DNA damage response. Nat. Med 24, 927–930 (2018 ).

    Not in our library10.1038/s41591-018-0049-z

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    Ihry RJ, Worringer KA, Salick MR, Frias E, Ho D, Theriault K, Kommineni S, Chen J, Sondey M, Ye C, Randhawa R, Kulkarni T, Yang Z, McAllister G, Russ C, Reece-Hoyes J, Forrester W, Hoffman GR, Dolmetsch R. & Kaykas A. p53 inhibits CRISPR-Cas9 engineering in human pluripotent stem cells. Nat. Med 24, 939–946 (2018 ).

    Not in our library10.1038/s41591-018-0050-6

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    Schiroli G, Conti A, Ferrari S, Della Volpe L, Jacob A, Albano L, Beretta S, Calabria A, Vavassori V, Gasparini P, Salataj E, Ndiaye-Lobry D, Brombin C, Chaumeil J, Montini E, Merelli I, Genovese P, Naldini L. & Di Micco R. Precise Gene Editing Preserves Hematopoietic Stem Cell Function following Transient p53-Mediated DNA Damage Response. Cell Stem Cell 24, 551–565.e8 (2019 ).

    Not in our library10.1016/j.stem.2019.02.019

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    Xu L, Wang J, Liu Y, Xie L, Su B, Mou D, Wang L, Liu T, Wang X, Zhang B, Zhao L, Hu L, Ning H, Zhang Y, Deng K, Liu L, Lu X, Zhang T, Xu J, Li C, Wu H, Deng H. & Chen H. CRISPR-Edited Stem Cells in a Patient with HIV and Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med 381, 1240–1247 (2019 ).

    Not in our library10.1056/nejmoa1817426

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    Porteus MH A New Class of Medicines through DNA Editing. N. Engl. J. Med 380, 947–959 (2019 ).

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    Fogarty NME, McCarthy A, Snijders KE, Powell BE, Kubikova N, Blakeley P, Lea R, Elder K, Wamaitha SE, Kim D, Maciulyte V, Kleinjung J, Kim J-S, Wells D, Vallier L, Bertero A, Turner JMA & Niakan KK Genome editing reveals a role for OCT4 in human embryogenesis. Nature 550, 67–73 (2017 ).

    Not in our library10.1038/nature24033

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    Tang L, Zeng Y, Du H, Gong M, Peng J, Zhang B, Lei M, Zhao F, Wang W, Li X. & Liu J. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing in human zygotes using Cas9 protein. Mol. Genet. Genomics 292, 525–533 (2017 ).

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    Ma H, Marti-Gutierrez N, Park S-W, Wu J, Lee Y, Suzuki K, Koski A, Ji D, Hayama T, Ahmed R, Darby H, Van Dyken C, Li Y, Kang E, Park A-R, Kim D, Kim S-T, Gong J, Gu Y, Xu X, Battaglia D, Krieg SA, Lee DM, Wu DH, Wolf DP, Heitner SB, Belmonte JCI, Amato P, Kim J-S, Kaul S. & Mitalipov S. Correction of a pathogenic gene mutation in human embryos. Nature 548, 413–419 (2017 ).

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    Kaul S, Heitner SB & Mitalipov S. Sarcomere Gene Mutation correction. Eur. Heart J 39, 1506–1507 (2018 ).

    Not in our library10.1093/eurheartj/ehy179

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    Egli D, Zuccaro MV, Kosicki M, Church GM, Bradley A. & Jasin M. Interhomologue repair in fertilized human eggs? Nature 560, E5–E7 (2018 ).

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    Ormond KE, Mortlock DP, Scholes DT, Bombard Y, Brody LC, Faucett WA, Garrison NA, Hercher L, Isasi R, Middleton A, Musunuru K, Shriner D, Virani A. & Young CE Human Germline Genome Editing. Am. J. Hum. Genet 101, 167–176 (2017 ).

    Not in our library10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.06.012

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