Polarisation optics for biomedical and clinical applications: a review

Abstract

Many polarisation techniques have been harnessed for decades in biological and clinical research, each based upon measurement of the vectorial properties of light or the vectorial transformations imposed on light by objects. Various advanced vector measurement/sensing techniques, physical interpretation methods, and approaches to analyse biomedically relevant information have been developed and harnessed. In this review, we focus mainly on summarising methodologies and applications related to tissue polarimetry, with an emphasis on the adoption of the Stokes–Mueller formalism. Several recent breakthroughs, development trends, and potential multimodal uses in conjunction with other techniques are also presented. The primary goal of the review is to give the reader a general overview in the use of vectorial information that can be obtained by polarisation optics for applications in biomedical and clinical research.

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166. 166.

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182. 182.
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183. 183.

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     Banerjee P, et al. Probing the fractal pattern and organization of Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria colonies growing under different conditions using quantitative spectral light scattering polarimetry. J. Biomed. Opt. 2013;18:035003.

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194. 194.

     Soni J, et al. Quantitative fluorescence and elastic scattering tissue polarimetry using an Eigenvalue calibrated spectroscopic Mueller matrix system. Opt. Express. 2013;21:15475-15489.

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195. 195.

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     Ahlawat S, et al. Polarized Raman spectroscopic investigations on hemoglobin ordering in red blood cells. J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19:087002.

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200. 200.

     Chan KH, et al. Use of 2D images of depth and integrated reflectivity to represent the severity of demineralization in cross-polarization optical coherence tomography. J. Biophotonics. 2015;8:36-45.

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201. 201.

     De Boer JF, Milner TE. Review of polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography and Stokes vector determination. J. Biomed. Opt. 2002;7:359-371.

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202. 202.

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     Gladkova N, et al. Evaluation of oral mucosa collagen condition with cross-polarization optical coherence tomography. J. Biophotonics. 2013;6:321-329.

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204. 204.

     Hitzenberger CK, et al. Measurement and imaging of birefringence and optic axis orientation by phase resolved polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography. Opt. Express. 2001;9:780-790.

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205. 205.

     Hong YJ, et al. Optically buffered Jones-matrix-based multifunctional optical coherence tomography with polarization mode dispersion correction. Biomed. Opt. Express. 2015;6:225-243.

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     Jiao SL, Yao G, Wang LV. Depth-resolved two-dimensional Stokes vectors of backscattered light and Mueller matrices of biological tissue measured with optical coherence tomography. Appl. Opt. 2000;39:6318-6324.

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     Kuranov RV, et al. Complementary use of cross-polarization and standard OCT for differential diagnosis of pathological tissues. Opt. Express. 2002;10:707-713.

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208. 208.

     Lee RC, et al. Automated assessment of the remineralization of artificial enamel lesions with polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. Biomed. Opt. Express. 2014;5:2950-2962.

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     Popescu DP, et al. Assessment of early demineralization in teeth using the signal attenuation in optical coherence tomography images. J. Biomed. Opt. 2008;13:054053.

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     Sugita M, et al. Retinal nerve fiber bundle tracing and analysis in human eye by polarization sensitive OCT. Biomed. Opt. Express. 2015;6:1030-1054.

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     Ugryumova N, et al. The collagen structure of equine articular cartilage, characterized using polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 2005;38:2612-2619.

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214. 214.

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216. 216.

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217. 217.

     Yamanari M, et al. Scleral birefringence as measured by polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography and ocular biometric parameters of human eyes in vivo. Biomed. Opt. Express. 2014;5:1391-1402.

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218. 218.

     Yao G, Wang LV. Two-dimensional depth-resolved Mueller matrix characterization of biological tissue by optical coherence tomography. Opt. Lett. 1999;24:537-539.

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     Milione G, et al. Measuring the self-healing of the spatially inhomogeneous states of polarization of vector Bessel beams. J. Opt. 2015;17:035617.

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     Mansfield JC, et al. Collagen fiber arrangement in normal and diseased cartilage studied by polarization sensitive nonlinear microscopy. J. Biomed. Opt. 2008;13:044020.

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221. 221.

     Tanaka Y, et al. Motion-artifact-robust, polarization-resolved second-harmonic-generation microscopy based on rapid polarization switching with electro-optic Pockells cell and its application to in vivo visualization of collagen fiber orientation in human facial skin. Biomed. Opt. Express. 2014;5:1099-1113.

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222. 222.

     DeWalt EL, et al. Polarization-modulated second harmonic generation ellipsometric microscopy at video rate. Anal. Chem. 2014;86:8448-8456.

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224. 224.

     Brasselet S. Polarization-resolved nonlinear microscopy: application to structural molecular and biological imaging. Adv. Opt. Photonics. 2011;3:205-271.

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     Kapsokalyvas D, et al. In-vivo imaging of psoriatic lesions with polarization multispectral dermoscopy and multiphoton microscopy. Biomed. Opt. Express. 2014;5:2405-2419.

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226. 226.

     Golaraei A, et al. Characterization of collagen in non-small cell lung carcinoma with second harmonic polarization microscopy. Biomed. Opt. Express. 2014;5:3562-3567.

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227. 227.

     Daly SM, Leahy MJ. ‘Go with the flow’: a review of methods and advancements in blood flow imaging. J. Biophotonics. 2013;6:217-255.

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     Abrahamsson S, et al. MultiFocus polarization microscope (MF-PolScope) for 3D polarization imaging of up to 25 focal planes simultaneously. Opt. Express. 2015;23:7734-7754.

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     Hafi N, et al. Fluorescence nanoscopy by polarization modulation and polarization angle narrowing. Nat. Methods. 2014;11:579-584.

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     Kampmann M, et al. Mapping the orientation of nuclear pore proteins in living cells with polarized fluorescence microscopy. Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2011;18:643-649.

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     Sase I, et al. Axial rotation of sliding actin filaments revealed by single-fluorophore imaging. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 1997;94:5646-5650.

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236. 236.

     Forkey JN, et al. Three-dimensional structural dynamics of myosin V by single-molecule fluorescence polarization. Nature. 2003;422:399-404.

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237. 237.

     Sosa H, et al. ADP-induced rocking of the kinesin motor domain revealed by single-molecule fluorescence polarization microscopy. Nat. Struct. Biol. 2001;8:540-544.

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     DeMay BS, et al. Septin filaments exhibit a dynamic, paired organization that is conserved from yeast to mammals. J. Cell Biol. 2011;193:1065-1081.

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     DeMay BS, et al. Rapid and quantitative imaging of excitation polarized fluorescence reveals ordered septin dynamics in live yeast. Biophys. J. 2011;101:985-994.

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     Axelrod D. Carbocyanine dye orientation in red cell membrane studied by microscopic fluorescence polarization. Biophys. J. 1979;26:557-573.

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     Du E, et al. Mueller matrix polarimetry for differentiating characteristic features of cancerous tissues. J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19:076013.

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     Pierangelo A, et al. Polarimetric imaging of uterine cervix: a case study. Opt. Express. 2013;21:14120-14130.

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244. 244.

     Rehbinder J, et al. Ex vivo Mueller polarimetric imaging of the uterine cervix: a first statistical evaluation. J. Biomed. Opt. 2016;21:071113.

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     Shukla P, Pradhan A. Mueller decomposition images for cervical tissue: potential for discriminating normal and dysplastic states. Opt. Express. 2009;17:1600-1609.

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     Chue-Sang J, et al. Use of combined polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography and Mueller matrix imaging for the polarimetric characterization of excised biological tissue. J. Biomed. Opt. 2016;21:071109.

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     Novikova T, et al. The origins of polarimetric image contrast between healthy and cancerous human colon tissue. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2013;102:241103.

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     Ahmad I, et al. Ex vivo characterization of normal and adenocarcinoma colon samples by Mueller matrix polarimetry. J. Biomed. Opt. 2015;20:056012.

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     Pierangelo A, et al. Ex-vivo characterization of human colon cancer by Mueller polarimetric imaging. Opt. Express. 2011;19:1582-1593.

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250. 250.

     Pierangelo A, et al. Ex vivo photometric and polarimetric multilayer characterization of human healthy colon by multispectral Mueller imaging. J. Biomed. Opt. 2012;17:066009.

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     Dubreuil M, et al. Mueller matrix polarimetry for improved liver fibrosis diagnosis. Opt. Lett. 2012;37:1061-1063.

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     Wang WF, et al. Roles of linear and circular polarization properties and effect of wavelength choice on differentiation between ex vivo normal and cancerous gastric samples. J. Biomed. Opt. 2014;19:046020.

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• Towards higher-dimensional structured light · 2022
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