Classifying the evolutionary and ecological features of neoplasms

Abstract

Neoplasms change over time through a process of cell-level evolution, driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations. However, the ecology of the microenvironment of a neoplastic cell determines which changes provide adaptive benefits. There is widespread recognition of the importance of these evolutionary and ecological processes in cancer, but to date, no system has been proposed for drawing clinically relevant distinctions between how different tumours are evolving. On the basis of a consensus conference of experts in the fields of cancer evolution and cancer ecology, we propose a framework for classifying tumours that is based on four relevant components. These are the diversity of neoplastic cells (intratumoural heterogeneity) and changes over time in that diversity, which make up an evolutionary index (Evo-index), as well as the hazards to neoplastic cell survival and the resources available to neoplastic cells, which make up an ecological index (Eco-index). We review evidence demonstrating the importance of each of these factors and describe multiple methods that can be used to measure them. Development of this classification system holds promise for enabling clinicians to personalize optimal interventions based on the evolvability of the patient's tumour. The Evo- and Eco-indices provide a common lexicon for communicating about how neoplasms change in response to interventions, with potential implications for clinical trials, personalized medicine and basic cancer research.

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     Wikstrom P, Lissbrant IF, Stattin P, Egevad L, Bergh A. Endoglin (CD105) is expressed on immature blood vessels and is a marker for survival in prostate cancer. Prostate. 2002;51:268-275.

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157. 157.

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158. 158.

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159. 159.

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160. 160.

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161. 161.

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165. 165.

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166. 166.

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168. 168.

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169. 169.

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170. 170.

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171. 171.

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172. 172.

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173. 173.

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174. 174.

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175. 175.
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176. 176.

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177. 177.

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178. 178.

     Kostadinov RL, et al. NSAIDs modulate clonal evolution in Barrett’s esophagus. PLoS Genet. 2013;9:e1003553.

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179. 179.

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180. 180.

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181. 181.

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182. 182.

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183. 183.

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184. 184.

     Li Y, et al. Suppression of cancer relapse and metastasis by inhibiting cancer stemness. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112:1839-1844.

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185. 185.

     Kreso A, et al. Self-renewal as a therapeutic target in human colorectal cancer. Nat Med. 2014;20:29-36.

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186. 186.

     Ding L, et al. Clonal evolution in relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Nature. 2012;481:506-510.

     Not in our library10.1038/nature10738

187. 187.

     Johnson BE, et al. Mutational analysis reveals the origin and therapy-driven evolution of recurrent glioma. Science. 2014;343:189-193.

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188. 188.

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Cited by papers we hold 12

• The complex nature of heterogeneity and its roles in breast cancer biology and therapeutic responsiveness · 2023
  Not checked
• Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ecology theory: cancer as multidimensional spatiotemporal “unity of ecology and evolution” pathological ecosystem · 2023
  No notice
• Multiregional single-cell dissection of tumor and immune cells reveals stable lock-and-key features in liver cancer · 2022
  No notice
• Oversupply of Limiting Cell Resources and the Evolution of Cancer Cells: A Review · 2021
  Not checked
• Tumor-on-a-chip: from bioinspired design to biomedical application · 2021
  No notice
• Spatial structure governs the mode of tumour evolution · 2021
  No notice
• A framework for advancing our understanding of cancer-associated fibroblasts · 2020
  No notice
• Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the tumor microenvironment and facilitates strategic choices to circumvent treatment failure in a chemorefractory bladder cancer patient · 2020
  No notice
• A Review of Cell-Based Computational Modeling in Cancer Biology · 2019
  No notice
• Overview on Clinical Relevance of Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity · 2018
  No notice
• Mature dendritic cells correlate with favorable immune infiltrate and improved prognosis in ovarian carcinoma patients · 2018
  No notice
• Understanding tumor ecosystems by single-cell sequencing: promises and limitations · 2018
  No notice

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