Costs of debt, tax benefits and a new measure of non-debt tax shields: examining debt conservatism in Spanish listed firms
José A. Clemente-Almendros, Francisco Sogorb-Mira
Revista de Contabilidad: Spanish Accounting Review · 2018
doi:10.1016/j.rcsar.2018.05.001 (opens in a new tab)
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Abstract
In spite of the fact that there is empirical evidence that debt tax benefits add to firm value, additional research is needed to explain the apparently conservative debt policy of many firms. This study examines whether the costs of debt and non-debt tax related issues might shed some light on the apparent “conservative leverage puzzle” for Spanish listed firms throughout the period 2007–2013. Specifically, we compare the costs of financial distress with the potential tax benefits of debt. In addition, we test whether debt conservativeness, measured by the kink, is explained by different costs of debt and non-debt tax shields. Our findings suggest that the most conservative Spanish listed firms may not be acting sub-optimally with respect to the tax advantage of debt financing. Furthermore, the results obtained are consistent with the belief that debt costs might offset the tax benefits stemming from debt financing, and debt and non-debt tax shields could act as substitutes. A pesar de que existe evidencia empírica de que las ventajas fiscales de la deuda se suman al valour de la empresa, es necesaria más investigación para explicar la política de deuda aparentemente conservadora de muchas empresas. Este estudio analiza si las cuestiones fiscales de la deuda y aquellas no relacionadas con la deuda podrían arrojar algo de luz sobre el aparente «rompecabezas de fuerza conservadora» de las empresas cotizadas españolas durante el período 2007-2013. Específicamente se comparan los costes de dificultades financieras con las ventajas fiscales de la deuda. Además, probamos si el conservadurismo de la deuda, medido por el colapso, se explica por los diferentes costes de los escudos fiscales relacionados con la deuda o alternativos a esta. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las empresas cotizadas españolas más conservadoras quizá no estén actuando de manera subóptima respecto a la ventaja fiscal de la financiación de la deuda. Además, los resultados obtenidos son coherentes con la creencia de que los costes de la deuda podrían contrarrestar las ventajas fiscales derivadas de la financiación de la deuda, y los escudos fiscales relacionados con la deuda y alternativos a la deuda podrían actuar como sustitutos.
Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND
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