Dependent layering of venous refluxed contrast: A sign of critically low cardiac output
Ian W. Sullivan, DO, Partha Hota, DO, Farouk Dako, MD and 2 more
Radiology Case Reports · 2019
doi:10.1016/j.radcr.2018.10.021 (opens in a new tab)
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Abstract
Mortality associated with cardiogenic shock can reach 80%. Although most often diagnosed clinically, the hemodynamics of cardiogenic shock may manifest on contrast-enhanced computed tomography as dependent layering of contrast within the inferior vena cava (IVC), a finding referred to as the “IVC level sign.” Herein we present 2 cases of the IVC level sign. Swift recognition of the IVC level sign and awareness of its dire prognostic implications is essential for achieving the best patient outcomes. Keywords: Contrast level, CT, IVC level sign
Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND
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