Probing new physics with multi-vacua quantum tunnelings beyond standard model through gravitational waves

We report on a novel phenomenon of particle cosmology, which features specific cosmological phase transitions via quantum tunnelings through multiple vacua. The latter is inspired by the axiverse ideas, and enables to probe the associated new physics models through a potential observation of specific patterns in the stochastic gravitational waves background. Multiple vacua may induce the nucleation of co-existing bubbles over the phase transition epoch, hence enhancing the overall process of bubbles' nucleation. Our detailed analysis of semi-analytical and numerical solutions to the bounce equations of the path integral in three vacua case has enabled us to determine the existence of three instanton solutions. This new mechanism of cosmological phase transitions clearly predicts a possibly sizeable new source of gravitational waves, with its energy spectrum being featured with particular patterns, which could be probed by the future gravitational wave interferometers.

Abstract licence: CC BY

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