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Hallucinations and aberrant perceptions are prevalent among the young healthy adult population

S. García-Ptacek, D. García Azorín, R. Sanchez Salmador and 2 more

Neurología (English Edition) · 2013

doi:10.1016/j.nrleng.2012.02.002 (opens in a new tab)

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Abstract

Introduction: Hallucinations are frequent in clinical practice, with an incidence of up to 38.7% in the general population. We aim to determine the prevalence of hallucinations among healthy young adults in our environment. Subjects and methods: We designed an observational study, using as subjects, third to sixth year medical students of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid who complete clinical rotations in the Hospital Clínico San Carlos. After a screening questionnaire, an individual interview was conducted via telephone or e-mail for those students who reported hallucinations. We obtained clinical and epidemiological data through a semi-structured clinical interview performed by a third year neurology resident. Results: N = 134 (average age was 22.1 years; 77.6% were women). 74 respondents answered affirmatively to one or more screening questions, and 54 completed the follow-up interview. 22.2% described visual phenomena and 64.8%, auditory. The majority reported sleep-related experiences and auditory perceptions related to hyper vigilance, such as hearing the telephone or the doorbell ring when in fact it had not (38.8%). All subjects had good insight and none had psychotic symptoms. Two cases were associated with substance abuse. Conclusions: Hallucinations are frequent among the general population. Traditionally, auditory phenomena have been associated with psychotic pathology, and other studies show a low population incidence (0.6%). However, in our sample, short auditory perceptions with immediate insight were frequent and not pathological. Resumen: Introducción: Las alucinaciones son frecuentes en la práctica clínica y presentan una incidencia poblacional de hasta el 38.7%. El objetivo del estudio es determinar la prevalencia de percepciones aberrantes entre jóvenes sanos de nuestro entorno. Sujetos y Métodos: Estudio observacional entre estudiantes de 3.° a 6.° curso de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid que realizan prácticas en el Hospital Clínico San Carlos. Tras una encuesta de cribado, se realizó una entrevista individual a aquellos sujetos que presentaban percepciones aberrantes. Recogimos datos epidemiológicos mediante anamnesis semi-estructurada administrada por una residente de tercer año de Neurología. Resultados: N = 134 (edad media 22.1 años, 77.6% mujeres). 74 respondedores contestaron afirmativamente a alguna de las preguntas de screening y 54 completaron la entrevista. El 22.2% presentó fenómenos visuales y el 64.8% auditivos. La mayoría describieron fenómenos asociados al sueño y percepciones auditivas como oír el teléfono o el timbre de la puerta sin que hubieran sonado (38.8%). Todos presentaron crítica de los episodios y ninguno refirió síntomas psicóticos. Dos casos se asociaron a tóxicos. Conclusiones: Las percepciones aberrantes son muy frecuentes entre la población general. Clásicamente, se asocian los fenómenos auditivos a patología psicótica, y otros estudios dan una incidencia poblacional baja (0.6%). Sin embargo, en nuestra serie las percepciones auditivas de corta duración y con crítica inmediata eran frecuentes y no se asociaban a patología. Keywords: Hallucinations, Aberrant perceptions, Non-clinical population, Hypnagogic and hypnopompic hallucinations, Auditory hallucinations, Palabras clave: Alucinaciones, Percepciones aberrantes, Población general, Alucinaciones hipnagógicas e hipnopómpicas, Alucinaciones auditivas

Abstract licence: CC BY-NC-ND

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